Structural Health Monitoring - Research and Applications

582 Pages·2013·59.943 MB·582\582

by  Chiu, W.K., Galea, S.C.

Structural Health
Monitoring: Research
and Applications
Edited by
W.K. Chiu
S.C. Galea
Structural Health Monitoring:
Research and Applications
Peer reviewed papers from the
4th Asia-Pacific Workshop on
Structural Health Monitoring,
December 5-7, 2012, Melbourne, Australia
Edited by
W.K. Chiu and S.C. Galea
Copyright  2013 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland

All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the
publisher.

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Volume 558 of
Key Engineering Materials
ISSN print 1013-9826
ISSN cd 1662-9809
ISSN web 1662-9795

Full text available online at http://www.scientific.net

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Preface

This volume of Key Engineering Materials comprises of peer reviewed papers presented at the 4th
Asia-Pacific Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring held on 5th – 7th December 2012 at the
RACV Club, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. These papers were assessed on the basis of technical
originality and significance in relation to both research into and applications of structural health
monitoring SHM technologies.

With increasing worldwide emphasis on asset sustainability, there is a trend toward Condition-
Based Maintenance (CBM) approaches, and the broader approach of Reliability-Centred
Maintenance (RCM). These approaches require the knowledge of the structural condition through
diagnostic systems which detect and monitor damage or health of the structure and/or prognostic
systems which predict the future health of the structure. Therefore, SHM provides a critical
capability for these approaches and involves the rapid interrogation of the structure, generally using
structurally integrated transducers, to diagnose the current state of its health.

Structural Health Monitoring is multi-disciplinary. For it to be successfully developed and
implemented, in a reasonable and practical timeframe, requires constructive interaction between a
diverse spectrum of academics, researchers and, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and
end-users, such as civilian and military operators. The academics and researchers are necessary to
develop and demonstrate the SHM technology and systems, whilst establishing detection system
sensitivity, reliability and confidence levels. The task of the OEMs and end-users is to define the
problem, establish the requirements and the practical limitations, and to assist in developing the
business case for such technologies. These interactions will enable the ‘technology pull’ required to
facilitate rapid implementation of the technologies rather then relying on the more problematic
‘technology push’. The 4th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring endeavours to
bring together academics and researchers, and end-users from Europe, Asia, North and South
America, and Australia to facilitate this interaction.

We wish to thank our sponsors for their contribution to the success of the 4th Asia-Pacific
Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring. They are; the Defence Science & Technology
Organisation (Australia), the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash
University (Australia), US Navy Office of Naval Research – Global (ONR-Global), USAF Asian
Office for Aerospace Research & Development (USAF, AOARD), Embraer (Brazil), Polytec and
Warsash Scientific, and the Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures
(CRCACS).

We are very grateful to our keynote speakers (Dr Lance Richards, Prof Peter Poole & Mr Luis
Gustavo dos Santos) for their support and help. We wish to express our gratitude to the reviewers,
contributors and participants, without whom the 4th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Structural Health
Monitoring would not have been possible.

Dr Steve Galea Professor Wingkong Chiu Professor Akira Mita
Co-Chairman Co-Chairman Co-Chairman
Air Vehicles Division Department of Mechanical & Structural Health Monitoring &
Defence Science & Technology Aerospace Engineering Control Laboratory
Organisation Monash University Department of System Design
Victoria, Australia Clayton, Victoria, Engineering
Australia Keio University
Yokohama, Japan
Committees

Workshop Chairmen 
W.K. Chiu (Monash University, Australia) 
S.C. Galea (DSTO, Australia) 
A. Mita (Keio University, Japan) 

Local Organising Committee 
C. Davies (DSTO, Australia) 
J. Kodikara (Monash University, Australia) 
S. Moss (DSTO, Australia) 
N. Rajic (DSTO, Australia) 
C. Rosalie (DSTO, Australia) 
M. Veidt (University of Queensland, Australia) 

International Organising Committee 
D. Adams (Purdue University, USA) 
P. Banerji (Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India) 
C. Boller (Fraunhofer Institut für zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren (IZFP), Germany) 
F.K. Chang (Stanford University, USA) 
M. Derriso (USAF, AFRL, USA) 
C. Farrar (Los Alamos Dynamics, USA) 
M. Friswell (Swansea University, UK) 
C.P. Fritzen (University of Siegen, Germany) 
V. Giurgiutiu (University of South Carolina, USA) 
A. Guemes (Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain) 
J. Huang (Boeing Research & Technology, USA) 
K.H. Leong (Petronas Research & Scientific Services, Malaysia) 
H. Li (Harbin Institute of Technology, People’s Republic of China) 
C.G. Koh (National University of Singapore, Singapore) 
A. Mal (University of California, Los Angeles, USA) 
N. Takeda (University of Tokyo, Japan) 
W. Ostachowicz (Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland) 
B. Prosser (NASA Langley Research Center, USA) 
L. Richards (NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, USA) 
H. Sohn (KAIST, Korea) 
H. Speckmann (Airbus Operations GmbH, Germany) 
D. Stargel (USAF, AFOSR, USA) 
Z. Su (Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong) 
M. Todd (University of California, San Diego, USA) 
F.G. Yuan (North Carolina State University, USA)
Event Sponsored by

Office of Naval Research – Global, United States of America

Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development – United States Air Force

Embraer – Brazil

Defence Science and Technology Organisation – Australia

Monash University – Australia

Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures – Australia
Table of Contents
Preface, Committees and Sponsors
A One Stage Damage Detection Technique Using Spectral Density Analysis and Parallel
Genetic Algorithms
M. Varmazyar, N. Haritos, M. Kirley and T. Peterson 1
Application of Wavelet Parameters for Impact Damage Detection in Plates
T.J. Shelley and C.K. Liew 12
Damage Identification and Assessment in Tapered Sandwich Structures Using Guided
Waves
S. Mustapha and L. Ye 25
A Framework for Reliability Assessment of an In-Service Bridge Using Structural Health
Monitoring Data
X.H. Chen and P. Omenzetter 39
Modeling of Environmental Effects for Vibration-Based SHM Using Recursive Stochastic
Subspace Identification Analysis
C.H. Loh and M.C. Chen 52
Modal Acoustic Emission Investigation for Progressive Failure Monitoring in Thin
Composite Plates under Tensile Test
M.H. Zohari, J.A. Epaarachchi and K.T. Lau 65
Laser Lock-In Thermography for Fatigue Crack Detection
Y.K. An, J.M. Kim and H. Sohn 76
In Situ Blade Deflection Monitoring of a Wind Turbine Using a Wireless Laser
Displacement Sensor Device within the Tower
P. Giri and J.R. Lee 84
Guided Wavefield Images Filtering for Damage Localization
W. Ostachowicz, P. Kudela and M. Radzienski 92
Strain as Damage Indicator for Truss and Frame Structures
S. Opoka, L. Murawski, T. Wandowski, P. Malinowski and W. Ostachowicz 99
Guided Waves for Aircraft Panel Monitoring
P. Malinowski, T. Wandowski and W. Ostachowicz 107
Time-Domain Hybrid Global-Local Prediction of Guided Waves Interaction with Damage
M. Gresil and V. Giurgiutiu 116
A Robust Procedure for Damage Detection from Strain Measurements Based on Principal
Component Analysis
A. Guemes, J. Sierra-Pérez, J. Rodellar and L. Mujica 128
Prediction and Measurement of Lamb Wave from Debondings at Structural Features in
Composite Laminates
C.T. Ng and M. Veidt 139
Substructure Damage Detection Method for Shear Structure Using Sub-Time Series and
ARMAX
L. Mei, A. Mita and Z.H. Xing 149
Structural Design and Verification of Composite Pressure Vessels for Submarine External
Stowage
D.J. Miller 160
Verification of Structural Health Assessment Method Using Full-Scale Collapse Test of
Four-Story Steel Building
Y. Shinagawa and A. Mita 174
Damage Characterisation of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Plate Using Acoustic
Emission
B.Y. Mohammed, C.K. Tan, S.J. Wilcox and A.Z.S. Chong 184
Nonlinear Properties of Lamb Waves under Modulation of Fatigue Damage: Finite Element
Simulation with Experimental Validation
M. Hong, C. Zhou, Z.Q. Su, L. Cheng and X.L. Qing 195
Single Transducer Pair Lamb Wave Time Reversal for Damage Detection in Composite
Laminates
B. Normandin and M. Veidt 205
b Structural Health Monitoring: Research and Applications
Development of the Damage Detection Method for CFRP Structures Using Distributed
BOCDA Optical Fiber Sensor
N. Saito, T. Yari, K. Nagai and K. Enomoto 218
Dynamic Displacement Estimation from Acceleration Measurements Using a Wireless
Smart Sensor
J.W. Park, S.H. Sim, H.J. Jung and B.F. Spencer 227
Optimal Structural Health Monitoring Feature Selection via Minimized Performance
Uncertainty
Z. Mao and M.D. Todd 235
Imaging Damage Using Mixed Passive and Active Sensors
C.H. Wang and L.R. Francis Rose 244
Distributed Strain Monitoring for Damage Evolution in CFRP Bolted Structures with
Embedded Optical Fibers
N. Takeda, S. Minakuchi and T. Nadabe 252
Lamb Wave Based Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Growth Using Principal Component
Analysis
Y. Lu, M.Y. Lu, L. Ye, D. Wang, L.M. Zhou and Z.Q. Su 260
Structural Health Monitoring of Space Vehicle Thermal Protection Systems
N. Hoschke, D.C. Price, D.A. Scott and W.L. Richards 268
Active Evacuation Guidance and Structural Health Monitoring System for Buildings Using
Sensor Agent Robots
A. Mita and D. Ise 281
Sensor Agent Robot with Servo-Accelerometer for Structural Health Monitoring
T. Akiba, N. Lee and A. Mita 289
Damage Assessment Methodology for Nonstructural Components with Inspection Robot
Y. Nitta, A. Nishitani, A. Iwasaki, M. Watakabe, S. Inai and I. Ohdomari 297
Flight Tests Performed by EMBRAER with SHM Systems
R. Pinheiro Rulli, F. Dotta and P.A. da Silva 305
Scattering Matrix Approach to Informing Damage Monitoring and Prognosis in Composite
Bolted Connections
C. Haynes, T. Nadabe, N. Takeda and M.D. Todd 314
EMBRAER Perspective on the Challenges for the Introduction of Scheduled SHM (S-SHM)
Applications into Commercial Aviation Maintenance Programs
L.G. dos Santos 323
Locating Point of Impact on an Anisotropic Cylindrical Surface Using Acoustic
Beamforming Technique
H. Nakatani, T. Hajzargarbashi, K. Ito, T. Kundu and N. Takeda 331
Analysis of Vibro-Acoustic Modulations in Nonlinear Acoustics Used for Impact Damage
Detection - Numerical and Experimental Study
Ł. Pieczonka, A. Klepka, W.J. Staszewski, T. Uhl and F. Aymerich 341
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Different Thermographic Testing Modalities in Damage
Detection
Ł. Pieczonka, M. Szwedo and T. Uhl 349
Recent Progress in Intelligent Vehicle Health Monitoring
I.S. Cole, P. Corrigan, W.D. Ganther and S.C. Galea 357
Structural Health Monitoring of Research-Scale Wind Turbine Blades
S.G. Taylor, K.M. Farinholt, G.H. Park, C.R. Farrar, M.D. Todd and J.R. Lee 364
An Enhanced Experimental Facility for Durability and Performance Characterisation of
Piezoelectric Transducers for Structural Health Monitoring
G. Jung, S. van der Velden, K. Tsoi and N. Rajic 374
Experimental Testing of Vibration Analysis Methods to Monitor Recovery of Stiffness of a
Fixated Synthetic Pelvis: A Preliminary Study
L.C.Y. Wong, W.K. Chiu, M. Russ and S. Liew 386
Understanding of the Scattering of Incident Stress Waves by Defects on the Blind Side of
Fuel Vent Hole
C. Doherty and W.K. Chiu 400
Designing for Lamb Wave Based In Situ Structural Health Monitoring
W.H. Ong and W.K. Chiu 411
Key Engineering Materials Vol. 558 c
Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors and their Applications in Pipeline Monitoring
P. Rajeev, J. Kodikara, W.K. Chiu and T. Kuen 424
Novel Transducer for Characterization of Low-Impedance Materials
R. Dugnani 435
Acoustic Emission for Tank Bottom Monitoring
G. Martin 445
Dynamically Reconfigurable Multivariable MEMS Sensor Array for Unattended Systems
S. van der Velden, I. Powlesland, S.C. Galea and J. Singh 456
Multiphysics Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Bi-Axial Magnetoelectric
Vibration Energy Harvester
J.E. McLeod and S.D. Moss 465
Optimal Coil Transducer Geometry for an Electromagnetic Nonlinear Vibration Energy
Harvester
L.A. Vandewater, S.D. Moss and S.C. Galea 477
Interaction of High Frequency Lamb Waves with Surface-Mount Sensor Adhesives
P. Norman, C. Davis, C. Rosalie and N. Rajic 489
Thermoelastic Stress Analysis - Emerging Opportunities in Structural Health Monitoring
N. Rajic, S.C. Galea and D. Rowlands 501
Strain Measurements Using Fibre Bragg Gratings during Full-Scale Structural Testing of
an F/A-18 Centre Barrel
T. Schembri, S. Tejedor and C. Davis 510
Optical Fibres for Distributed Corrosion Sensing - Architecture and Characterisation
R. Kostecki, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, S.C. Warren-Smith, G. McAdam, C. Davis and T.M.
Monro 522
Development and Validation Roadmap for In Situ Structural Health Monitoring of ADF
Aircraft
S.C. Galea and N. Rajic 534
Prediction of Obsolete FBG Sensor Using ANN for Efficient and Robust Operation of SHM
Systems
G.C. Kahandawa, J.A. Epaarachchi, H. Wang and K.T. Lau 546
Structural Seismic Damage Detection Using Fractal Dimension of Time-Frequency Feature
D.W. Tao, D.Y. Zhang and H. Li 554
Applications of Compressive Sensing Technique in Structural Health Monitoring
Y.Q. Bao, H. Li and J.P. Ou 561