Table Of ContentInternational Political Economy Series
General Editor: Timothy M. Shaw, Professor of Political Science and
Director of International Development Studies, Dalhousie University,
Nova Scotia
The global political economy is in a profound crisis at the levels of both
production and policy. This series provides overviews and case studies of
states and sectors, dasses and companies in the new international division
of labour. These embrace political economy as both focus and mode of
analysis; they advance radical scholarship and scenarios.
The series treats polity-economy dialectics at global, regional and
national levels and examines novel contradictions and coalitions between
and within each. There is a special emphasis on national bourgeoisies and
capitalisms, on newly industrial or influential countries, and on novel
strategies and technologies. The concentration throughout is on uneven
patterns of power and production, authority and distribution, hegemony
and reaction. Attention will be paid to redefinitions of dass and security,
basic needs and self-reliance and the range of critical analysis will indude
gender , population, resources, environment, militarization, food and
finance. This series constitutes a timely and distinctive response to the
continuing intellectual and existential world crisis.
Alfredo Behrens
REGIONAL MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN LATIN AMERICA
Robert Boardman
PESTICIDES IN WORLD AGRICULTURE
Bonnie K. Campbell (editor)
POLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL DEBT CRISIS
Bonnie K. Campbell and John Loxley (editors)
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT IN AFRICA
Jerker Carlsson and Timothy M. Shaw (editors)
NEWL Y INDUSTRIALIZING COUNTRIES AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF
SOUTH-SOUTH RELATIONS
David P. Forsythe (editor)
HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT
THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE WORLD POLITICAL ECONOMY
Steven Kendall Holloway
THE ALUMINIUM MULTINATIONALS AND THE BAUXITE CARTEL
James H. Mittelman
OUT FROM UNDERDEVELOPMENT
Sharon Stichter and Jane L. Parpart (editors)
WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT AND THE FAMIL Y IN THE INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOUR
Dennis Pirages and Christine Sylvester (editors)
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
John Ravenhill (editor)
AFRICA IN ECONOMIC CRISIS
Garry Rodan
TIIE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SINGAPORE'S INDUSTRIALIZATION
Roger Southall (editor)
LABOUR AND UNIONS IN ASIA AND AFRICA
David Wurfel and Bruce Burton (editors)
TIIE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FOREIGN POLICY IN SOUTIIEAST ASIA
Structural Adjustment
in Africa
Edited by
Bonnie K. Campbell
Professor of Political Science
Universite du Quebec cl Montreal
and
John Loxley
Professor of Economics
University of Manitoba
Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 978-1-349-20400-7 ISBN 978-1-349-20398-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-20398-7
© Bonnie K. Campbell and lohn Loxley 1989
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1989
All rights reserved. For information, write:
Seholarly and Referenee Division,
St. Martin's Press, Ine., 175 Fifth Avenue,
New York, NY 10010
First published in the United States of Ameriea in 1989
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publieation Data
Struetural Adjustment in Afriealedited by Bonnie K. Camp bell and
lohn Loxley.
p. em.-(International Politieal Economy Series)
Some chapters translated from French.
Contents: The Devaluation Debate in Tanzania/by lohn Loxley
The World Bank and the IMF in Zimbabwe/by Colin Stoneman-The
IMF~ World Bank, and Reconstruction in Ugandalby lohn Loxley
From 'Revolution' to Monetarism/by Eboe Hutchful-Structural
Disequilibria and Adjustment Policies in the Ivory Coast;
Struetural Disequilibria and Adjustment Programmes in Madagasear/
by Gilles Durufle-Production and Commercialization of Rice in
Cameroonlby Dominique Claude-The Politics of Adjustment in
Morocco/by David Seddon.
ISBN 978-0-312-03553-2
1. Africa-Economic Policy. 2. Economic Stabilization-Africa.
I. Campbell, Bonnie K., 1946- .11. Loxley, lohn. 111. Series.
HC800.S78 1989
338.96-dc20 89-34361
CIP
This book is dedicated to Salim,
Camille, Christopher and Alicia
Contents
List of Maps and Tables
Vlll
List of Acronyms ix
List of Exchange Rates xi
Acknowledgements
XIl
Notes on the Contributors
Xlll
Introduction
lohn Loxley and Bonnie K. Campbell 1
1 The Devaluation Debate in Tanzania
lohn Loxley 13
2 The World Bank and the IMF in Zimbabwe
Colin Stoneman 37
3 The IMF, The World Bank and Reconstruction in Uganda
lohn Loxley 67
4 From 'Revolution' to Monetarism: The Economics and
Politics of the Adjustment Programme in Ghana
Eboe Hutchful 92
5 Structural Disequilibria and Adjustment Policies
in the I vory Coast
Gilles Durufle* 132
6 Structural Disequilibria and Adjustment Programmes in
Madagascar
Gilles Durufle* 169
7 Production and Commercialisation of Rice in Cameroon:
The Semry Project
Dominique Claude* 202
8 The Politics of 'Adjustment' in Morocco
David Seddon 234
Bibliography 266
Index 269
• These chapters were translated under the direction of Bonnie K. CampbelJ.
List of Maps and Tables
Map 1 The Peters Projection of Africa xvi
Map2 The Semry Rice Cultivation Project of the Cameroon 203
1.1 Tanzania: Economic Indicators 1979-86 31
3.1 Percentage Declines in Production: Selected
Manufactured Goods 1971-78 71
3.2 Ugandan Exchange Rates 1979-84 74
3.3 Ugandan Economic Indicators 1971-86 75
4.1 Cocoa Producer Prices 1984--87 109
4.2 Economic Indicators 1980-86 (Average Change) 111
4.3 Production of Major Export Commodities 1982-86 112
5.1 Central Government Financial Transactions 197&-86
as a Percentage of GDP 144
5.2 Evolution of the Balance of Payments as a Percentage of
GDP 1979-85 146
6.1 The Evolution of Economic Growth and Inflation
1980-85 181
6.2 Evolution of the Balance of Payments 1980-85 182
6.3 Evolution of the Balance of Payments and the
Debt as a Percentage of GDP 1980-85 183
6.4 The World Bank Scenario to Solve the Crisis 191
7.1 World Bank Loans. Agricultural Sector 1967-83 207
7.2 Prices Paid to the Pea sant for Rice and Semry's
Selling Price 1976/77-85 211
7.3 Distribution of Income to Agents 1982-83 212
7.4 Semry II, Production, Commercialisation, Retention
1979/80 to 1983/84 213
7.5 Fees Levied in Two Seasons: Dry Season, Rainy
Season 1983/84 214
7.6 Number of Plots per Ethnic Group 218
7.7 Annex 1. World Bank Commitments 1967-83
(Loans) 231
viii
List of Acronyms
BCEAO Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
CCCE Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique
CFA franc Communaute financiere africaine franc (former
Colonies fran~aises d' Afrique franc)
CFAO Compagnie fran~aise de I' Afrique occidentale
CFCI Compagnie fran~aise de Cnte d'Ivoire
CADA Credit Assistance to Agriculture
CASI Credit Assistance to Industry
DP Democratic Party, Uganda
DRC Domestic Resource Cost
EECI Energie Electrique de Cnte d'Ivoire
EFF Extended Fund Facility
ERP Economic Recovery Programme
FAC Fonds d' Aide et de Cooperation
FMG Malgache franc
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (World Bank)
ICCO International Cocoa Agreement
IDA International Development Association
IMF International Monetary Fund
LIBOR London Interbank Offered Rate
NDR National Democratic Revolution
NEP New Economic Policy (Soviet Union 1921-27)
NESP National Economic Survival Programme (Tanzania)
NIC Newly Industrialising Country
NRA National Resistance Army (Uganda)
NRM National Resistance Movement (Uganda)
PAMSCAD Programme of Action to Mitigate the Social Costs
of Adjustment or
Programme of Action and Measures to address the
Social Costs of Adjustment, Ghana
PDCs People's Defence Committees, Ghana
PME Petites et Moyennes Entreprises (Small and
Medium Sized Businesses)
PNDC Provision al National Defence Council, Ghana
SADCC Southern African Development Coordination
Conference
List o[ Acronyms
SAL Structural Adjustment Loan
SAP Structural Adjustment Programme
SDR Special Drawing Right
SEMRY Societe d'expansion et de modernisation de la
riziculture de Yagoua (Cameroon)
TAG Tanzania Advisory Group
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UPC Uganda People's Congress
WDCs Workers' Defence Committees
ZANU-PF Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front
Moroccan parties and organisations:
CDT Democratic Labour Confederation
FDIC Front pour la Defense des Institutions
Constitutionnelles
HaI Aman Split from the Party of Liberation and Socialism
(the former Communist Party)
Istiqlal Independence Party
MP Mouvement Populaire
PCM Moroccan Communist Party
PDC Parti Democratique Constitutionnel
PDI Democratic Party of Independence
PND Parti National Democratique
PPS Parti de Progres et du Socialisme (former Party of
Liberation and Socialism)
RNI Rassemblement National des Independants
UC Union Constitutionnelle
UMT Union Marocaine de Travail
UNEM Union Nationale des Etudiants Marocains
UNFP Union Nationale des Forces Populaires
USFP Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires
