Table Of ContentStrong Coupling Gauge
Theories in LHC Era
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Strong Coupling Gauge
Theories in LHC Era
Proceedings of the Workshop in Honor of
Toshihide Maskawa’s 70th Birthday and
35th Anniversary of Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in SCGT
Nagoya University, Japan 8 – 11 December 2009
editors
H Fukaya • M Harada
M Tanabashi • K Yamawaki
Nagoya University, Japan
World Scientific
NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI
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STRONG COUPLING GAUGE THEORIES IN LHC ERA
Proceedings of the Workshop in Honor of Toshihide Maskawa’s 70th Birthday and
35th Anniversary of Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in SCGT
Copyright © 2011 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
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ISBN-13 978-981-4329-51-4
ISBN-10 981-4329-51-7
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PREFACE
Spontaneous symmetry breaking has been a central paradigm of particle physics.
It was actually born as dynamical symmetry breaking in analogy with the BCS
theory of superconductor in the original work by Y. Nambu about half a century
ago.ThedynamicalsymmetrybreakingwasrealizedinQCD,aprototypeofstrong
coupling gauge theory (SCGT). It was founded by T. Maskawa and H. Nakajima
back in 1974 that in order for the gauge theories to develop spontaneous chiral
symmetry breaking the gauge coupling must be strong, larger than a certain non-
zero critical coupling, in the ladder Schwinger-Dyson equation with the coupling
being nonrunning.
This was the beginning of the SCGT with conformal/scale-invariantdynamics.
In 1986 it was founded by K. Yamawaki, M. Bando and K. Matumoto that this
conformal/scale-invariant dynamics has a large anomalous dimension of unity at
criticality, so as to resolve the FCNC problem in the technicolor (TC) models.
Subsequently, the first Nagoya SCGT workshop was held in 1988, largely focusing
on such a dynamical symmetry breaking with conformality/criticalityand/or large
anomalous dimension. Along this line new types of dynamical symmetry breaking
such as the top quark condensate were proposed soon after the workshop. Since
then theNagoyaSCGTworkshopserieswerefurtherheldin1990,1996,2002,2006
and this time, the sixth in 2009.
Actually, over last 30 years theorists have been desperately seeking physics be-
yondthe standardmodel.Nowitisthe erawhenthe LHCwillmakeadecisivetest
of various theoretical proposals. Certainly the new SCGT is one of such attractive
possibilities.
Apart fromthe LHCexperiments,there hasbeen remarkableprogressof lattice
gaugetheories in recentyears,sothat the conformaldynamics sofar difficult tobe
analyzed in reliable ways could be solved by computers to give definite predictions
at the level to be compared with the LHC experiments.
We then organized the sixth NagoyaSCGT workshop “Strong Coupling Gauge
Theories in LHC Era (SCGT 09) in December 8-11, 2009. The SCGT 09 was the
first SCGT workshop after Y. Nambu, M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa shared the
2008 Nobel Prize in physics. It should be mentioned that Nambu is the initiator
of the dynamical symmetry breaking, and actually was a repeated participant of
the Nagoya SCGT workshops, while Maskawa and Kobayashi are both alumni of
NagoyaUniversity(both undergraduateand graduate).Moreover,Maskawawasto
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be the Director of the new institute, Kobayashi-MaskawaInstitute (KMI), Nagoya
University,startingApril2010.TheSCGT09wasthen heldinhonorofMaskawa’s
70th birthday (February 7, 2010) and 35th anniversary of the Maskawa-Nakajima
paper initiating the dynamical symmetry breaking in conformal/scale-invariant
gauge dynamics of SCGT.
During four days of sessions, we had 92 participants (28 from abroad), with 44
talks in the main program and 15 talks for the poster sessions. The topics were
broad, not just conformal gauge dynamics but various aspects of strong coupling
gauge theories including QCD in varieties of approaches covering lattice studies,
holography, effective theories, and so on. Also several experimental talks were pre-
sented.Wedobelievethatthesepresentationsincludedinthe Proceedingsarevery
useful for the future developments in particle physics in the revolutionary era of
LHC.
The workshopwasfinanciallysupported by the NagoyaUniversityGlobal COE
Program “Quest for Fundamental Principles in the Universe: from Particles to the
Solar System and the Cosmos” from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science andTechnology,Japan,andalsoby DaikoFoundationand byNagoyaUni-
versity Foundation. We would like to express sincere thanks to these organizations
for generous supports.
We would also like to thank all the members of the International Advisory
Committee, the Organizing Committee, the Local Organizing Committee, and the
SCGT 09 Secretariat and the GCOE support stuff office, and the graduate stu-
dents at Nagoya University for their devoted contributions to make the workshop
successful.
Editors
Hidenori Fukaya
MasayasuHarada
MasaharuTanabashi
Koichi Yamawaki
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OPENING ADDRESS
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of NagoyaUniversity, I would like
to express hearty welcome to all of you attending the 2009 Nagoya Global COE
workshop on “Strong Coupling Gauge Theories in LHC Era”, SCGT 09. I heard
thatthisworkshopismadeinhonorofProfessorToshihideMaskawa’s70thbirthday
andalsoforcelebrationofthe 35thanniversaryofhispaperwhichiscornerstoneof
the subjectof thisworkshop,namelythe symmetrybreakinginthe strongcoupling
gauge theories. I understand that the subject is to reveal the Origin of Mass, the
most urgent problem in particle physics today and the main research target of the
largest acceleratorexperiments, LHC, just getting in operation.
I would like to comment that we, at Nagoya University, are proud of our
alumni,ProfessorMaskawaandProfessorKobayashi,whoshared2008Nobel Prize
in physics for the symmetry breaking of CP symmetry.
We are also proud of Professor Maskawa’s work on another type of symme-
try breaking which has grown up into the present active field, the subject of this
workshop, where Nagoya group has made major contributions. This is the sixth of
the NagoyaSCGT workshopsfollowingthe meetings in 1988,1990, 1996,2002and
2006, ranging over two decades. The Nagoya SCGT workshops appear to be pres-
tigious in the sense that everymeeting had attendance of at least one of the Nobel
laureates; Professor Maskawa (1988, 2009), Professor Kobayashi (1990), Professor
Nambu (1988, 1990, 1996, 2002) and Professor’t Hooft (2006).
Here I should mention that this building, here you are, was constructed to
celebrate Professor Noyori’s 2001 Nobel Prize in chemistry. We are also proud of
ouralumnusProfessorOsamuShimomurawhowonthe2008NobelPrizeinchemis-
try. It is my pleasure to announce to you that, next April, Professor Maskawa will
comebacktoNagoyaUniversityasDirectorofanewlycreatedinstitute,Kobayashi-
Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe. The new building
of the institute will be readyin 2011spring.We arehopingthat particlephysicsat
Nagoyawill be boosted even more.
I hope that the discussions at this workshop will contribute to the next Nobel
Prize(s)inthenearfuture.Thankyouforyourattentionandpleaseenjoyyearstay
at Nagoyaand NagoyaUniversity.
Michinari Hamaguchi, D. Med
President of Nagoya University
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WORKSHOP ORGANIZATION
International Advisory Committee:
T.W. Appelquist (Yale) W.A. Bardeen (FNAL)
S.J. Brodsky (SLAC) R.S. Chivukula (MSU)
C.T. Hill (FNAL) M. Kobayashi (JSPS)
J.B. Kogut (DOE/Maryland) T. Maskawa (KSU/Nagoya)
V.A. Miransky (W. Ontario) Y. Nambu (Chicago)
M. Rho (Saclay) E.H. Simmons (MSU)
R. Sundrum (Johns Hopkins) G. ’t Hooft (Utrecht)
V.I. Zakharov (MPI/ITEP)
Organizing Committee:
Chairperson K. Yamawaki (Nagoya)
Co-chairperson M. Harada (Nagoya)
M. Tanabashi (Nagoya)
K-I. Aoki (Kanazawa) H. Fukaya (Nagoya)
M. Hayakawa (Nagoya) Y. Hosotani (Osaka)
K. Kanaya (Tsukuba) Y. Kikukawa (Tokyo-Komaba)
R. Kitano (Tohoku) K.-I. Kondo (Chiba)
T. Kugo (Kyoto) T. Onogi (Osaka)
T. Sakai (Nagoya) K. Tobe (Nagoya)
Sponsored by Nagoya University Global COE Program “Quest for Fundamental
Principles in the Universe: from Particles to the Solar System and the Cosmos.”
Financial support also from Daiko Foundation and Nagoya University Foundation.
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