String Theory: From Gauge Interactions to Cosmology: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on String Theory: From Gauge Interactions to Cosmology Cargèse, France 7–19 June 2004

394 Pages·2006·7.471 MB·English

by  Tom Banks (auth.), Laurent Baulieu, Jan de Boer, Boris Pioline, Eliezer Rabinovici (eds.)

StringTheory:From Gauge Interactions
to Cosmology
NATO Science Series
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Series II:Mathematics,Physics and Chemistry – Vol.208
String Theory: From Gauge
Interactions to Cosmology
edited by
Laurent Baulieu
Université Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris, France
Jan de Boer
University of Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
Boris Pioline
Université Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris, France
and
Eliezer Rabinovici
Hebrew University,
Jerusalem, Israel
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
String Theory:From Gauge Interactions to Cosmology
Cargèse, France
7-19 June 2004
A C.I.P.Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-3732-5 (PB)
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ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3731-3 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-3733-3 (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3733-7 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
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TableofContents
Preface xi
I Lectures 1
STRINGSINALANDSCAPE 3
byTOMBANKS
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Cosmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Ghostcondensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Stringsinalandscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 Phenomenologyofthelandscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
QUANTIZATIONOFHOLOMORPHICFORMS
ANDN =1SUPERSYMMETRYONSPECIALMANIFOLDS 19
byLAURENTBAULIEU
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2 N =1supersymmetryandtheholomorphicBFtheory . . . . . . . . . . 20
3 Fourdimensions:Ka¨hlermanifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4 Sixdimensions:Calabi–Yauthree–fold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5 Eightdimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
LOEWNERCHAINS 41
byMICHELBAUERANDDENISBERNARD
1 Criticalinterfacesandstochasticprocesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2 Loewnerchains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
THEORYOFCOSMOLOGICALPERTURBATIONSAND
APPLICATIONSTOSUPERSTRINGCOSMOLOGY 79
byROBERTH.BRANDENBERGER
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2 OverviewofInflationaryCosmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3 NewtonianTheoryofCosmologicalPerturbations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4 RelativisticTheoryofCosmologicalFluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5 QuantumTheoryofCosmologicalFluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
6 ConceptualProblemsofInflationaryCosmology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
7 TheTrans-PlanckianWindowforSuperstringCosmology . . . . . . . . . 106
v
vi
8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
TOWARDSATOPOLOGICALG STRING 117
2
byJANDEBOER,ASADNAQVIANDASSAFSHOMER
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
2 G sigmamodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2
3 Tri-CriticalIsingModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4 TopologicalTwist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5 TheBRSTOperator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
6 TopologicalG Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
2
7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
CHALLENGESOFMATRIXMODELS 129
byALEXEIMOROZOV
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
2 Classicalperiod:introductionofmodels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3 Firststringyperiod:generalizationsandhuntforstructures . . . . . . . . 131
4 Transcendentalperiod:absolutizationofstructures . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
5 Towardsexhaustivetheoryof1-matrixmodel:theDijkgraaf-Vafatheory . 143
6 Neoclassicalperiod:backtoconcreteresultsandbacktophysics? . . . . 155
PHENOMENOLOGYOFNEUTRINOOSCILLATIONS 163
byLEVB.OKUN
1 Ashorthistoryofneutrinos[1-16] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
2 Simpleformulasforoscillations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
3 “Sameenergy”vs“samemomentum”[12-14],[17-25] . . . . . . . . . . 166
4 Solarneutrinos[26] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5 Reactorantineutrinos[27-30] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
6 Atmosphericneutrinos[26] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
7 Acceleratorneutrinos[27] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
8 Patternsofmixinganglesandmasses[25,31] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
9 Doublebetadecay[32] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
10 Cosmologicalandstellarinputs[33] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
11 ChallengesandProspects[31,34] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
CLOSEDSTRINGSINMISNERSPACE:
ATOYMODELFORABIGBOUNCE? 177
byBRUNODURINANDBORISPIOLINE
1 Semi-classicsofclosedstringsinMisnerspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
2 One-loopvacuumamplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
3 Tree-levelscatteringamplitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
vii
PHENOMENOLOGICALGUIDETOPHYSICS
BEYONDTHESTANDARDMODEL 201
bySTEFANPOKORSKI
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
2 TheStandardModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
3 HintsfromtheStandardModelforitsextensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
4 SupersymmetricextensionsoftheStandardModel . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
INTRODUCTIONTOCOSMICF-ANDD-STRINGS 229
byJOSEPHPOLCHINSKI
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
2 Cosmicstringreview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
3 Cosmicstringsfromstringtheory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
4 ProductionofcosmicF-andD-strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
5 Stabilityofstrings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
6 SeeingCosmicStrings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
7 DistinguishingSuperstrings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
LONGTIMESCALESANDETERNALBLACKHOLES 255
byJOSEL.F.BARBO´NANDELIEZERRABINOVICI
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
2 Long-timedetailsofthermalquasi-equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
3 Topologicaldiversityandunitarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
SEMICLASSICALSTRINGSANDADS/CFT 265
byARKADYA.TSEYTLIN
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
2 Effectiveactionsforcoherentstates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
3 GeneralfastmotioninS5andSO(6)scalaroperators . . . . . . . . . . . 280
4 Concludingremarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
II SEMINARS 291
BARYOGENESISWITHLARGEEXTRADIMENSIONS 293
byKARIMBENAKLI
BRANEWORLDCOSMOLOGYALMOSTWITHOUTBRANES 297
byGIANLUCACALCAGNI
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
3 Slow-rollparameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
4 Cosmologicalperturbations:theoryandobservations . . . . . . . . . . . 300
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
viii
CHAOTICCASCADESFORD-BRANESONSINGULARITIES 305
bySEBASTIA´NFRANCOETAL.
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
2 Cascadesincouplingspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
3 DualityWallsandFractals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
4 SupergravityDuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
5 Recentdevelopments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
N =1GAUGETHEORYEFFECTIVESUPERPOTENTIALS 311
byBENM.GRIPAIOS
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
2 TheGaugeTheory/MatrixModelCorrespondence. . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
3 PureGaugeTerms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
GROMOV-WITTENTHEORYANDAUTOMORPHICFORMS 319
byDANIELGRU¨NBERG
1 RecapTFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
2 CorrelationFunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
3 BPSInvariants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
4 GWPotentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
5 KdVHierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
6 AutomorphicProducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
BLACKHOLEINSTABILITIESANDPHASETRANSITIONS 325
bySEANHARTNOLL
1 GeneralisedAdSblackholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
2 Dualphasetransition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
PROBINGSINGULARITIES 329
byVERONIKAE.HUBENY
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
2 Blackholesingularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
3 Cosmologicalsingularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
INFLATIONUNLOADED 337
byMATTHEWKLEBAN
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
2 Quantification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
D-BRANEEFFECTIVEACTIONS 341
byPAULKOERBER
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
2 Derivativecorrections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
3 Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
ix
ADS ×S2ASANEXACTHETEROTICSTRINGBACKGROUND 345
2
byDOMENICOORLANDO
1 Intro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
2 SU(2)asymmetricdeformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
3 SL(2,R)deformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
4 AdS ×S2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
2
STRINGSANDD-BRANESINHOLOGRAPHICBACKGROUNDS 351
byDANISRAE¨LANDARIPAKMAN
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
2 SL(2,R)/U(1)andN=2Liouville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
3 D-branesfromboundaryAdS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
3
4 stringsnearNS5branes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
COSMICCENSORSHIPINADS/CFT 355
byMUKUNDRANGAMANI
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
2 TheFramework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
3 TheSizeofthesingularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
TOPICSINBLACKHOLEPRODUCTION 363
byVYACHESLAVS.RYCHKOV
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
2 WavepacketsandSemiclassics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
3 MultipleBlackHoleProduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
TOWARDSTHEEXACTDILATATIONOPERATOROFN =4
SUPERYANG-MILLSTHEORY 371
byANTONV.RYZHOV
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
2 ConstraintsonD(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
3 SummingD(1) toallorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
4 Concludingremarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
MODULITRAPPINGANDSTRINGGASCOSMOLOGY 379
bySCOTTWATSON
1 InitialConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
2 StringsatFiniteTemperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
3 ModuliTrapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
STRINGYGEOMETRY:
GENERALIZEDCOMPLEXSTRUCTURE 385
byMAXIMZABZINE
1 Mathematicalpreliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
x
2 Topologicalmodel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
3 TopologicalmodelwithWZterm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
INTEGRABILITYOFSUPERCONFORMALFIELDTHEORY
ANDSUSYN=1KDV 393
byANTONM.ZEITLIN
1 RTT-relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
2 TheQ-operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
APPENDIX 397
LISTOFSPEAKERS 399
LISTOFPARTICIPANTS 401