Table Of ContentStress
Reduction
and
Prevention
Stress
Reduction
and
Prevention
Edited by
Donald Meichenbaum
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
and
Matt E. Jaremko
University ofM ississippi
University, Mississippi
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Stress reduction and prevention.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Stress (Psychology) I. Meichenbaum, Donald. II. Jaremko, Matt E. [DNLM: 1.
Stress, Psychology —Prevention and control. 2. Stress, Psychological —Therapy. WM
172 S9156]
BF575.S75S7737 1982 155.9 82-18926
ISBN 978-1-4899-0410-2
ISBN 978-1-4899-0410-2 ISBN 978-1-4899-0408-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-0408-9
First Printing-February 1983
Second Printing-April 1984
Third Printing-March 1989
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1989
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1989
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
To
RICHARD S. LAZARUS
whose work on stress and coping has influenced
much of the research reported in this volume
and
to my former students
and present colleagues
ROY CAMERON, MYLES GENEST, and DENNIS TURK
whose collaboration and friendship
have continually enriched me.
D.M.
To
CHARLES D. SPIELBERGER
who was a source of encouragement
from the beginning of this project.
M.E.J.
Contributors
FRANK ANDRASIK, Department of Psychology, State University of New
York, Albany, New York
MARGARET A. APPEL, Department of Psychology, Ohio University,
Athens, Ohio
OFRA AYALON, Department of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa,
Israel
ROY CAMERON, Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
THOMAS M. COOK, Program of Social Ecology, University of California
at Irvine, Irvine, California
SEYMOUR EPSTEIN, Department of Psychology, University of Massachu
setts, Amherst, Massachusetts
EVA L. FEINDLER, Department of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden
City, New York
WILLIAM J. FREMOUW, Department of Psychology, West Virginia Uni
versity, Morgantown, West Virginia
KENNETH A. HOLROYD, Department of Psychology, Ohio University,
Athens, Ohio
IRVING L. JANIS, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut
vii
viii Contributors
MATT E. JAREMKO, Depanment of Psychology, University of Missis
sippi, University, Mississippi
PHILIP C. KENDALL, Depattment of Psychology, University of Minne
sota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
DEAN G. KILPATRICK, Depanment of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina and People Against Rape, Charleston, South Carolina
HOWARD LEVENTHAL, Department of Psychology, University of Wis
consin, Madison, Wisconsin
DONALD MEICHENBAUM, Department of Psychology, University of
Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
DAVID R. NERENZ, Depanment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin
RAYMOND W. NOVACO, Program of Social Ecology, University of Cali
fornia at Irvine, Irvine, California
ETHEL ROSKIES, Depanment of Psychology, University of Montreal,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
IRWIN G. SARASON, Department of Psychology, University of Wash
ington, Seattle, Washington
LOIS J. VERONEN, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
and People Against Rape, Charleston, South Carolina
ROBERT L. WERNICK, Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry,
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Preface
Since 1950, when Hans Selye first devoted an entire book to the study of
stress,professional and public concern with stress has grown tremendous
ly. These concerns have contributed to an understanding that has impli
cations for both prevention and treatment. The present book is designed
to combine these data with the clinical concerns of dealing with stressed
populations. In order to bridge the gap between research and practice,
contributions are included by major researchers who have been con
cerned with the nature of stress and coping and by clinical researchers
who have developed stress management and stress prevention programs.
The book is divided into three sections. The goal of the first section is
to survey the literature on stress and coping and to consider the implica
tions for setting up stress prevention and management programs. Follow
ing some introductory observations by the editors are the observations of
three prominent investigators in the field of stress and coping. Irving
JaniS, Seymour Epstein, and Howard Leventhal have conducted seminal
studies on the topic of coping with stress. For this book they have each
gone beyond their previous writings in proposing models and guidelines
for stress prevention and management programs. While each author has
tackled his task somewhat differently, a set of common suggestions has
emerged.
In the second section of the book, a cognitive-behavioral perspective
on stress and coping as well as general guidelines for setting up training
programs are considered. This section concludes with a description of a
cognitive-behavioral stress inoculation training program. Several of the
authors in Section III have used this stress inoculation training program
in their work.
The third section of the book, which is divided into three parts,
focuses on specific stress prevention and management programs. The
papers in Part A describe programs for a variety of medical problems,
ix
Preface x
including hospitalized patients (Philip Kendall), burn patients (Robert
Wernick), patients with psychophysiological disorders (Ken Holroyd,
Margaret Appel, and Frank Andrasik), and Type A individuals (Ethel
Roskies). Each of these authors provides descriptions of demonstration
projects and reports on research in progress. We hope that the descrip
tion of these projects will further stimulate research and clinical practice.
Part B focuses on the stress related to being a victim. Ofra Ayalon
discusses the stress related to being a victim of terrorist attacks in Israel.
Lois Veronen and Dean Kilpatrick examine the plight of the female rape
victim and what can be done to reduce subsequent stress reactions.
Part C considers the application of stress management programs to
specific populations. The chapter by Ray Novaco, Thomas Cook, and
Irwin Sarason considers the stress accompanying military training and
the various ways intervention may be undertaken. The socially anxious
(Matt Jaremko) and adolescents acting out problems (Eva Feindler and
William Fremouw) are two additional populations for whom stress
reduction programs have been developed. In conclusion, some summary
observations and comments on needed future directions are offered.
In each of the chapters in Section III on specific applications, authors
have been asked to review the literature for their population in terms of
1. the data that indicated the need for a stress management program;
2. performance and social analyses of their stressed population that
indicate the role played by cognitive and affective factors and in
terpersonal support systems in the coping process;
3. a critical evaluation of the training data for their specific popula
tio1'ls;
4. a description of how one may conduct a coping-skills training pro
gram on both a treatment and preventative basis;
5. a concluding brief discussion of needed future directions.
The editors have provided comments and summaries throughout on
the various programs. The editors believe that the authors have described
interesting and provocative demonstration projects that reflect the current
knowledge about stress and coping. The editors and the chapter authors
recognize the limitations of the reported interventions; but nevertheless,
there is a feeling of optimism and encouragement. It is in the spiri~ of
critical-mindedness and enthusiasm that we offer this volume. It is
dedicated to those who will critique and build on the efforts offered.
DONALD MEICHENBAUM
MATT E. JAREMKO
Contents
I: The Stress Literature: Implications for Prevention and Treatment 1
1. A Model for Stress Research with Some Implications for the
Control of Stress Disorders Howard Leventhal and
David R'. Nerenz 5
2. Natural Healing Processes of the Mind: Graded Stress
Inoculation as an Inherent Coping Mechanism
Seymour Epstein 39
3. Stress Inoculation in Health Care: Theory and Research
Irving L. Janis 67
Concluding Comments to Section I 101
Il: Guidelines for Training 107
4. Stress Inoculation Training: Toward a General Paradigm for
Training Coping Skills Donald Meichenbaum and
Roy Cameron 115
Ill: APPlications
Part A-Medical Problems 155
5. Stressful Medical Procedures: Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies
for Stress Management and Prevention Philip C. Kendall 159
xi
