Stress and Emotion, Volume 17: Anxiety, Anger, and Curiosity (Stress and Emotion)

378 Pages·2005·6.28 MB·English

by  Charles D. Spielberger

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STRESS
AND
EMOTION
The Series in Stress and Emotion:
Anxiety, Anger, and Curiosity
(Formerly part of the Series in Clinical and Community Psychology)
Consulting Editors
Charles D. Spielberger and Irwin G. Sarason
Spielberger, Sarason, and Defares
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 9
Spielberger and Sarason
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 10: A Sourcebook of Theory and Research
Spielberger, Sarason, and Defares
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 11
Spielberger, Sarason, and Strelau
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 12
Spielberger, Sarason, Strelau, and Brebner
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 13
Spielberger, Sarason, Kulcsár, and Van Heck
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 14
Spielberger, Sarason, Brebner, Greenglass, Laungani, and O’Roark
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 15
Spielberger, Sarason, Brebner, Greenglass, Laungani, and O’Roark
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 16
Spielberger and Sarason
Stress and Anxiety, Volume 17
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RT44367 title page 8/12/05 3:22 PM Page 1
STRESS
AND
EMOTION
ANXIETY, ANGER, and CURIOSITY
VOLUME 17
Edited by
Charles D. Spielberger and Irwin G. Sarason
New York London
RT44367_Discl.fm Page 1 Wednesday, August 31, 2005 9:34 AM
Published in 2005 by Published in Great Britain by
Routledge Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group Taylor & Francis Group
270 Madison Avenue 2 Park Square
New York, NY 10016 Milton Park, Abingdon
Oxon OX14 4RN
© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-415-94437-6 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-415-94437-3 (Hardcover)
Library of Congress Card Number BF575.S75A38 1973 616.8'522 4-28292 MARC
No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Advanced Study Institute on Stress and Anxiety in Modern Life, Murnau, Ger. 1973
Stress and anxiety: [proceedings]/edited by Charles D Spieberger, Irwin G Sarason. Washington:
Hemisphere Publ. Corp.
v. :ill.: 24 cm. (v. 1-2: The series in clinical psychology
v. 3-5: The series in clinical and community psychology)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
1. Stress, (Psychology)--Congresses. 2. Anxiety--Congresses.
I. Sarason, Irwin G., ed. II Spielberger, Charles Donald, date, ed. III. North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
Division of ScientificAffairs. IV. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anxiety. 2. Stress, Psychological. WM 172 S755a]
BF575.S75A38 1973 616.8'522 4-28292 MARC
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
Taylor & Francis Group and the Routledge Web site at
is the Academic Division of T&F Informa plc. http://www.routledge-ny.com
Contents
Contributors xii
Preface xiii
I
STRESS, ANXIETY, AND COPING
1 Stress in a Life-Threatening Illness 3
Pittu Laungani
Stress in a Life-Threatening Illness 3
Participant Observation 6
Background to the Study 8
Transfer to St. Mary’s Hospital 10
Arriving at a Correct Diagnosis 12
Transfer to Intensive Care 13
Fear of Pain and Death 16
Transfer from the ITU 17
The Nature of Stress in a Life-Threatening Illness 19
Conceptualizing Stress 19
1. Extrapersonal Factors 20
2. Interpersonal Relationships with Hospital Staff 22
3. Intrapersonal Factors 25
Conclusion 26
2 Anxiety, Anger, and Moral Judgment 31
Angela M.B. Biaggio
Anxiety, Anger, and Moral Judgment 31
Theory and Research on Anxiety and Moral Development 33
Relation of Moral Judgment to State and Trait Anxiety 35
Measuring the Experience, Expression, and Control of Anger 36
Construction and Validation of the Portuguese STAXI 37
Anxiety, Anger, and Risk-Taking Behavior 40
Appendix A 44

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i CONTENTS
3 Trait-State Anxiety, Worry, and Emotionality in
Athletic Competition 45
Frontisek Man, F. Táborský, and Charles D. Spielberger
Trait-State Anxiety, Worry, and Emotionality in Athletic Competition 45
Study 1 47
Method and Procedure 48
Results and Discussion 49
Study 2 51
Method and Procedure 52
Results and Discussion 52
Summary and Conclusions 55
4 Ealuation of Test Anxiety Using Pictorial Ealuation of
Test Reactions (PETER) 61
Joseph Toubiana
Evaluation of Test Anxiety Using Pictorial Evaluation of
Test Reactions (PETER) 61
Method 63
Subjects and Instruments 63
Previous Research with the PETER-TQ 65
Procedures 66
Results 67
Cultural and Sex Differences in Test Anxiety 67
Discussion 68
Differences in Anxiety across Cultures 69
Gender Differences 70
Conclusions 71
Acknowledgments 75
5 Culture and Gender Factors in the Structure of the Test Anxiety
Inentory: A Meta-Analysis 77
Brad J. Bushman, Peter R. Vagg, and Charles D. Spielberger
Culture and Gender Factors in the Structure of the Test Anxiety
Inventory: A Meta-Analysis 77
Test Anxiety, Worry-Emotionality, and Academic Achievement 78
The Test Anxiety Inventory 80
Method and Procedures 81
Literature Search Procedures and Criteria for Inclusion of Studies 82
Results 83
Invariance of the Factor Structure of the TAI Across Culture
and Gender 86
Discussion and Conclusions 87
Appendix A 91
A Geometrical Description of Kaiser’s Method for Comparing
Factor Structures 91
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CONTENTS ii
6 Vigilant and Aoidant Coping: Theory and Measurement 97
Heinz Walter Krohne and Boris Egloff
Vigilant and Avoidant Coping: Theory and Measurement 97
Model of Coping Modes 98
Measurement of Vigilance and Cognitive Avoidance 102
Design of the Mainz Coping Inventory 102
Participants 104
Analysis 1: Appraisal of the MCI Situations 104
Analysis 2: Statistical and Psychometric Properties of the MCI 107
Analysis 3: Internal Structure of the MCI 107
Analysis 4: Relationships with Other Coping Variables
(Construct Validity) 108
Analysis 5: Relationships with Various Criterion Variables 112
Discussion 113
II
EXPERIENCE, EXPRESSION, AND CONTROL OF ANGER
7 The Expression and Management of Anger and Hostility:
Psychological Implications 123
Esther R. Greenglass
The Expression and Management of Anger and Hostility:
Psychological Implications 123
Multiple Emotions and CHD 124
Interactive Approaches to the Study of CHD 125
The Social Context of Anger/Hostility and CHD 128
Social Support and Health 129
Anger, Hostility, and Coping 132
Communicative Expression of Anger and Hostility 133
Anger, Hostility, and Gender Differences 134
Conclusions 136
8 School Stress, Anger Expression, and Adolescent Problem Behaiors 143
Chok C. Hiew and Glendon Rayworth
School Stress, Anger Expression, And Adolescent Problem Behaviors 143
Problem Behavior and Anger Expression 145
Method 146
Predictor and Criterion Measures 147
Results 148
Discussion and Conclusions 150
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iii CONTENTS
9 Experience of Anger and Anxiety Emotions during Examinations:
Cross-Cultural Eidence 155
Norbert K. Tanzer and Charles D. Spielberger
Experience of Anger and Anxiety Emotions during Examinations:
Cross-Cultural Evidence 155
Method 156
Instruments 156
Trait and State Instructions 157
Rating Scale Formats 158
Statistical Analyses 158
Subjects and Procedures 159
Results 161
Experience of Anger and Anxiety during Examinations:
Results from Trait Studies 161
Temporal and Situational Specificity of Anger and
Anxiety during Examinations 165
Academic Domain Specificity and Course (Teacher) Specificity
of Trait Anger and Trait Anxiety during Examinations 167
Trait Anger and Anxiety during Regular Classroom Lessons 168
Discussion 169
Appendix A 177
Items of the English Version 177
Appendix B 177
Items of the German Version and Closest English Translation 177
10 Family Cohesieness, Flexibility, and Maternal Anger:
Boon or Detriment to Children’s Adjustment? 179
Solly Dreman
Family Cohesiveness, Flexibility, and Maternal Anger:
Boon or Detriment to Children’s Adjustment? 179
Method 180
Measures 181
Procedure 184
Results 184
Relation between Cohesion, Adaptability, and Behavior Problems 184
Cohesion and Children’s Behavior Problems 184
Adaptability and Children’s Behavior Problems 186
Custodial Mothers’ Anger and Children’s Behavior Problems 187
Discussion and Conclusions 190
11 Hindi Anger Expression Scale: Construction and Validation 197
Sagar Sharma, Archna Krishna and Charles D. Spielberger
The Hindi Anger Expression Scale: Construction and Validation 197
Adaptation and Validation of the Hindi AX Scale 198
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CONTENTS ix
Psychometric Properties and Equivalence of the Hindi and
English AX Scales 199
Internal Consistency Reliability of the Hindi AX Scale 201
Research with the Hindi Anger Expression Scale 202
III
CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH ON OCCUPATIONAL STRESS
12 The German Adaptation of the Job Stress Surey:
A Multistudy Validation in Different Occupational Settings 209
Volker Hodapp, Norbert K. Tanzer, Christian Korunka,
Ehrentraud R. Maier and Iris A. Pestemer
The German Adaptation of the Job Stress Survey:
A Multistudy Validation in Different Occupational Settings 210
The Original English-Language Job Stress Survey 210
Development of the German Adaptation of the Job Stress Survey 211
Study 1: Primary-School Teachers 213
Participants and Procedure 213
Results 213
Study 2: Secondary-School Teachers 216
Participants and Procedure 216
Results 217
Study 3: Hospital Personnel 219
Subjects and Procedure 219
Results 220
Study 4: Bank Employees 222
Participants and Procedure 222
Results 224
Discussion and Conclusions 226
Authors’ Notes and Acknowledgments 231
13 Spanish Adaptation of the Job Stress Surey:
All Dressed Up and Ready to Go to Work 233
Maria Jesus González and José M. Prieto
Spanish Adaptation of the Job Stress Survey: All Dressed Up and
Ready to Go to Work 233
Construction and Development of the JSS-SV 234
Choice of Complementary Tests 235
Selecting and Obtaining the Sample 236
Application of the Tests 236
Description of the Sample 236
Results and Discussion 237
Psychometric Properties of the JSS-SV 237
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