Strategy Definition & Road Mapping for Industrial Technologies to address Grand Challenges

250 Pages·2013·4.3 MB·English

Strategy Definition
& Road Mapping for
Industrial
Technologies
to Address Grand Challenges
Final report
EUR 25846 EN
Research and
Innovation
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
Directorate G – Industrial Technologies
Unit G.1 – Horizontal aspects and coordination
Contact: Kristiina Urpalainen-Menon
European Commission
B-1049 Brussels
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Strategy Definition and
Road Mapping for Industrial
Technologies to Address
Grand Challenges
Final report
Oxford Research
Project leader: Harald Furre
Authors: Bart Romanow, Mariana Gustafsson, Mattias K.
Dinnetz, Erle H. Wright
Workshops and morphological analysis: Jan O. Dietz
Copyediting: Mary DeDanan
Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
Industrial technologies
2013 Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and New Production Technologies (NMP) EUR 25846 EN
EUROPE DIRECT is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number (*):
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers
or these calls may be billed
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which
might be made of the following information.
The views expressed in this publication, as well as the information included in it, do not necessarily reflect the opinion
or position of the European Commission and in no way commit the institution.
More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu).
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013
ISBN 978-92-79-28815-9
doi 10.2777/7396
© European Union, 2013
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Cover Images: © alextois, #31789162; © ThomasAmby, #40261437, 2013. Source: Fotolia.com.
INTRODUCTION
In mid-April 2011 the project regarding preparation of the report on “Strategy
Definition and Road Mapping for Industrial Technologies to Address Grand Challenges”
was assigned to Oxford Research by the European Commission, Research Directorate-
General – Industrial technologies.
The main aim of this project is to assess the links and relevance of present
Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new production technologies (NMP)
activities to the major technical issues and bottlenecks associated with Grand
Challenges, providing a set of operational recommendations.
The title of the study is to some extent misleading. The detailed description provided in
the Terms of Reference underlines that the development of technological roadmaps is
outside the scope of this study. The study is also not a summary of roadmaps for
different industries. The word ‘strategy’ is also not fully appropriate for the content. By
strategy we would normally understand a set of strategic objectives associated with a
number of programmes and projects described with a defined split of tasks and
measurable monitoring indicators. This study is in great part focused on
analysing bottlenecks and defining possible approaches to solving them
through the use of identified policy options. From this analysis a number of
recommendations are proposed, which we believe will create a discussion regarding
the future of the NMP programme. Finally, the timeframe of the project did not fit
planning processes at the Commission. Horizon 2020 impact assessment was
developed before this project was in fact contracted, therefore its outcomes cannot be
used for planning, but rather for adjusting the future of community funding schemes.
The structure of the report is shaped following the Terms of Reference requirements
for the contract. First the Grand Challenges and their bottlenecks are analysed.
Then the report discusses the role, strengths and weaknesses of FPs. Finally
policy options are proposed, described and analysed in more detail, bringing in
stakeholders’ views.
The research team would like to thank all experts and stakeholders engaged for their
valuable input to the data collection, workshop participation and comments received
during the report preparation process. We would like to express special thanks to our
main contact persons from the European Commission: Mr Jesús-Maria Alquezar-
Sabadie, Ms Kristiina Urpalainen and Mr Michel Poireau. We thank them for their
smooth co-operation.
Norway, 16.01.2012

Harald Furre
CEO, Oxford Research AS
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................... 9
Main recommendations for the European Commission..................... 12
CHAPTER 1. GRAND CHALLENGES’
UNDERSTANDING, INTERRELATIONS AND CURRENT
BOTTLENECKS…………………………………………………………..1
5
Grand Challenges............................................................................. 15
1.1.1 Interconnections between Grand Challenges .............................16
1.1.2 Health, demographic change and wellbeing...............................18
1.1.3 Food security, sustainable agriculture, marine and maritime
research and the bio-economy...........................................................21
1.1.4 Secure, clean and efficient energy...........................................24
1.1.5 Smart, green and integrated transport.....................................25
1.1.6 Climate action, resource efficiency and raw materials.................26
1.1.7 Inclusive, innovative and secure societies.................................28
CHAPTER 2. BOTTLENECKS ...........................................30
Dividing bottlenecks......................................................................... 30
2.1.1 Cross-cutting bottlenecks.......................................................30
Bottlenecks linked to Grand Challenges ........................................... 32
2.1.2 Health, demographic change and wellbeing...............................32
2.1.3 Food security, sustainable agriculture, marine and maritime
research and the bio-economy...........................................................40
2.1.4 Secure, clean and efficient energy...........................................43
2.1.5 Smart, green and integrated transport.....................................48
2.1.6 Climate action, resource efficiency and raw materials.................50
2.1.7 Inclusive, innovative and secure societies.................................55
4
CHAPTER 3. CURRENT ROLE, STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESSES OF FPS VIS-À-VIS GRAND CHALLENGES...60
Policy context — overview................................................................ 60
3.1.1 Policy context – historical developments...................................60
3.1.2 The framework programmes in the past ...................................64
3.1.3 From Lisbon Agenda to Europe 2020 strategy............................66
3.1.4 Europe 2020 Strategy............................................................69
Shaping current policy...................................................................... 70
3.1.5 FP6.....................................................................................70
3.1.6 ERA.....................................................................................71
3.1.7 FP7.....................................................................................72
Into the future – Horizon 2020......................................................... 74
Past and current role of the FPs vis-à-vis grand challenges............. 77
3.1.8 The systems issue.................................................................77
3.1.9 The time issue......................................................................78
3.1.10 The focus issue ..................................................................78
3.1.11 The role of the different instruments .....................................80
Strengths ......................................................................................... 81
Weaknesses ..................................................................................... 81
CHAPTER 4. MEMBER STATES’ EXPERIENCE IN
ADDRESSING GRAND CHALLENGES ................................87
Defining Grand Challenges............................................................... 87
National strategies for science, technology and innovation.............. 88
Grand Challenges – related debate, policy attention and instruments
on the national level........................................................................100
4.1.1 In terms of debate and policy attention..................................100
4.1.2 In terms of policy instruments...............................................103
4.1.3 In terms of structural changes ..............................................103
5
4.1.4 In terms of healthcare, quality of life and aging.......................104
4.1.5 In terms of innovative and secure societies.............................104
4.1.6 What green technologies can say about STI addressing Grand
Challenges....................................................................................105
CHAPTER 5. LINKS AND RELEVANCE OF NMP ACTIVITIES
AND TOPICS TO GRAND CHALLENGES ..........................108
Contribution of NMP to solve Grand Challenges...............................108
5.1.1 Analysis of projects based on project abstract descriptions........108
5.1.2 Grand Challenges word co-occurrence in project abstracts.........111
5.1.3 Sustainable Development Strategy Database...........................113
Current focus of calls within NMP, Transport Research, Environment
and Health Research and KBBE under FP7.......................................121
Future relevance .............................................................................127
Solutions to better preserve food....................................................136
CHAPTER 6. POLICY OPTIONS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES
165
Business as usual (FP 7 reloaded)...................................................165
Gradual evolution -..........................................................................167
Radical reorientation.......................................................................170
Policy options’ objectives................................................................180
CHAPTER 7. POLICY OPTIONS IMPACTS .....................187
Economic and competitiveness impacts...........................................187
Social impacts.................................................................................189
Environmental impacts....................................................................190
6
CHAPTER 8. COMPARATIVE VIEW OF POLICY OPTIONS
191
Policy options capacity to learn the lessons....................................192
8.1.1 The need for improved horizontal and vertical policy coordination
192
8.1.2 The need for focus and more robust intervention logic..............193
8.1.3 The need to lower the barriers to participation.........................194
8.1.4 The need to increase the production, dissemination and valorisation
of project outputs...........................................................................194
8.1.5 Effectiveness in terms of critical mass, flexibility and excellence.195
8.1.6 Effectiveness in terms of innovation.......................................195
CHAPTER 9. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS ..................197
The Science-Technology Divide.......................................................197
9.1.1 The ‘paradox’ notion............................................................197
9.1.2 Frontier science, applied academic research and the European
industry........................................................................................198
9.1.3 Policy in support of commercialisation....................................201
9.1.4 European industry...............................................................202
European patent..............................................................................203
9.1.5 Present patenting situation in Europe.....................................203
9.1.6 Unitary patent protection......................................................204
9.1.7 European Patent Court – the unified EU patent litigation system.204
Other policy recommendations........................................................205
9.1.8 2020 targets just round the corner ........................................205
9.1.9 More large scale European venture capital investments.............206
9.1.10 Supporting regional innovative clusters................................207
9.1.11 Joint programming............................................................212
9.1.12 The societal fear...............................................................213
7
Recommendations based on morphological analysis.......................215
Recommendations based on findings from interviews.....................218
CHAPTER 10. ANNEXES...............................................221
ANNEX 1. STUDY ‘TERMS OF REFERENCE’ AND
METHODOLOGY ............................................................222
Terms of reference for the study.....................................................222
Study methodology .........................................................................223
10.1.1 Desk research..................................................................223
10.1.2 Morphological analysis and the workshops............................223
10.1.3 Semi structured interviews.................................................224
ANNEX 2. BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................225
10.1.4 Morphological analysis.......................................................225
10.1.5 Bottlenecks......................................................................225
ANNEX 3. INTERVIEW SAMPLE AND WORKSHOPS
PARTICIPANTS.............................................................230
ANNEX 4. LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .....................235
ANNEX 5. GLOSSARY ....................................................237
ANNEX 6. LIST OF ACRONYMS......................................242

8