Strategic IT Management: A Toolkit for Enterprise Architecture Management

348 Pages·2010·9.06 MB·English

by  Inge Hanschke (auth.)

Strategic IT Management
Inge Hanschke
Strategic
IT Management
A Toolkit for Enterprise
Architecture Management
123
IngeHanschke
iteratecGmbH
Inselkammerstr.4
82008München
Germany
[email protected]
FigureDrawingsbyFrankFischer,Ottobrunn
ISBN978-3-642-05033-6 e-ISBN978-3-642-05034-3
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-05034-3
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009939716
ACMComputingClassification(1998):K.6,J.1,H.4,C.0,D.2
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010
EnglishTranslationfromtheGermanedition:
StrategischesManagementderIT-Landschaft
EinpraktischerLeitfadenfürdasEnterpriseArchitectureManagement
byIngeHanschke©2009CarlHanserVerlagMünchen
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Preface
Changesinbusinessmodelsandfaster-pacedinnovationandproductlifecyclespose
a big challenge to IT managers – who are already tasked with keeping operations
runningreliably.Youhavetoanticipatetheimpactofchangestakingshapeahead,
andtakedecisionsrapidly,backingyourchoicesbysolidfact.Todothis,youneed
anoverallperspectiveofhowbusinessandITinteract.
This is exactly where a toolkit for strategic management of the IT landscape
can help, by building greater transparency into the current IT landscape and mak-
ingexplicititscontributiontothebusinesssuccessoftheenterprise.Theenterprise
strategyandbusinessrequirementsarecascadedintorequirementsforIT:anongo-
ing process that entails building a picture of the target architecture, designing
implementationplansandmanagingtheprocessfortakingplansintoaction.
Rightfromthestart,thetoolkitmustenablemanagementoftheenterprisefrom
ahelicopterviewpointandaccommodateeveryaspectoftheenterprisearchitecture:
businessandITstructures,processesandorganisation,aswellassoftwaresupport.
Yet it also has to be introduced in achievable stages that deliver tangible success.
Senior management, business departments and IT teams all have to be convinced
bysuccess.Onlyifitsvalueisapparentwilltheconceptbegiventhego-aheadfor
furtherinvestment.
Sohowdoyouarriveataworkabletoolkit?Howdoyougoaboutit,andwhat
investmentandeffortcanyouexpecttomake?Whatisthepayoff?
The relevant literature investigates a number of approaches. Yet information is
patchyandlackingreal-lifeapplicationformanyoftherelevantaspects.Inadequate
documentationandlackofstandardisationbothleavetheirmark,makingitdifficult
forITandbusinessmanagersandtheirteamstonavigatethischallengingterritory.
Motivated by the challenge of assembling a comprehensive, practicable toolkit
for the strategic management of IT landscapes, I set to work on this book. It con-
denses the experience of many projects with customers, and insights from many
hundredsofhoursofdiscussionwithexpertsfromclientcompanies,consultancies
and academia. The book takes a holistic view of the IT landscape management
process, above all giving specific guidelines on how to establish and how to roll
out strategic IT landscape management in the enterprise and ensures it becomes
establishedpractice.
v
vi Preface
ThisbookwillhelpyouembarksuccessfullyintostrategicITlandscapemanage-
mentandevolveiteffectively.Thefirststepiswhatmatters.Thereisrarelyasecond
chance.
Munich,August2009 IngeHanschke
Acknowledgements
Manythankstomyteamatiteratecandcolleaguesatothercompaniesforthepro-
ductive exchanges, especially in the course of the design and development of the
EAMtooliteraplan.
Thank you to my discussion partners, reviewers and supporters, whose valu-
ablecommentsandfeedbackhavegreatlycontributedtothisbook:KarstenVoges,
Gunnar Giesinger, Andreas Feldschmidt, Matthias Häring, Margarete Metzger,
Irene Weilhart and others who did not wish to be named, but whose contribution
ismuchappreciated.
Last but not least, thanks to Frank Fischer for the graphics expertise and to
Marion Bonleitner, Alice Golja, Svenja Altwein and Luisa Kunze for the editorial
assistanceandHannahLeafortheexcellenttranslation.
And a special thank-you to my family, who kept me going and encouraged me
withtheirfeedback.
vii
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 StrategicManagementofITLandscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 NavigatingThisBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 WhoShouldReadThisBook? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 ScopeofThisBook,FurtherReading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 StrategicPlanningofIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 RoleofITintheOrganisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3 StrategicPositioningofIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 StrategicObjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.1 DerivingITGoals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.2 PrinciplesforStrategicGuidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4.3 StrategiestoUnderpinGoalAchievement . . . . . . . . . 31
2.5 ITStrategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.5.1 ContentofanITStrategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.5.2 ITStrategyDocument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.5.3 GuidelinesforITStrategyinPractice . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3 EnterpriseArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.2 EnterpriseArchitectureFrameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.3 Best-PracticeEnterpriseArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.3.1 InformationTimelinessandGranularity . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.2 ConstituentsofBest-PracticeEnterpriseArchitecture . . . 70
3.3.3 LandscapePlanningStatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.4 BusinessLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.5 ViewsoftheEnterpriseArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.6 GuidelinesforPersonalisationofBest-PracticeEnterprise
ArchitectureinPractice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4 ITLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4.2 ObjectivesandBenefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
ix
x Contents
4.3 ConstituentsofITLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.3.1 ElementsofApplicationLandscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
4.3.2 RelationshipsinApplicationLandscapes . . . . . . . . . . 125
4.4 ITLandscapeManagementProcesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.4.1 DocumentingtheITLandscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.4.2 AnalysingtheITLandscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
4.4.3 ITLandscapePlanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.4.4 GoverningtheFurtherDevelopmentoftheITLandscape . 185
4.5 EstablishOrganisationalChange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
4.5.1 RolesandResponsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
4.5.2 IntegrationintoProcessesofITandDecisionMaking . . . 190
4.5.3 MaturityLevelofITLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . 194
4.6 Guidelines for Personalisation of IT Landscape
ManagementinPractice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
4.6.1 ConceptionofITLandscapeManagement . . . . . . . . . 208
4.6.2 SamplingandOptimising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
4.6.3 AnchoringITLandscapeManagementintheOrganisation 215
5 TechnicalStandardisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
5.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
5.2 ObjectivesofTechnicalStandardisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
5.3 ElementsofaStandardisationCatalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
5.3.1 ArchitecturalDomains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
5.3.2 TechnicalComponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
5.4 TechnicalStandardisationProcesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
5.4.1 Maintaining,ProvidingandCommunicatingtheBlueprint. 234
5.4.2 ITInnovationManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
5.4.3 StrategicEvolutionofTechnicalStandards . . . . . . . . . 238
5.4.4 EnactingStandardisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
5.4.5 DirectingCompliancewithTechnicalStandards . . . . . . 242
5.5 OrganisationalStructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
5.5.1 RolesandResponsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
5.5.2 Entities,BoardsandIntegrationintoProcessesinIT
andDecision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
5.5.3 MaturityofITinTermsofTechnicalStandardisation . . . 246
5.6 GuidelinesforTechnicalStandardisationinPractice . . . . . . . . 252
6 EAMGovernance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
6.1 ScopeandDefinition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
6.2 ITOrganisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
6.2.1 CollaborationModelBetweenBusinessandIT . . . . . . 264
6.2.2 FormofOrganisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
6.2.3 DecisionBoards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
6.2.4 ChangingtheITOrganisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Contents xi
6.3 StrategicControlToolkits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
6.3.1 ControlIndicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
6.3.2 Decision-MakingGroupsandTheirInformationNeeds . . 303
Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337