Storia universale. Il XX secolo

760 Pages·2004·20.299 MB·Italian

by  Marcello Flores

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STORIA
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VOLUME 20
ILXX SECOLO
o
CORRIERED ELLAS ERA
STORUINAI VERSALE
Volume20
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ISS1N8 24-4580
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Tuttii dirittid ir opyrsiognrhoit s ervati
ILXX SECOLO
MARCELLFOL ORES
ILS ECOLO-MOSNTDOOR.ID AEL N OVECENTO

PRESEAZNITONE
diE NZOB IAGI
Quanctoess oen aoc candeuXXlt es ecToelrroi.eb m ielria vigliose.
Las tatdueralg leanè ta eu mendtaaciti an aqiuqe u incdeinctii metri,
glaid olemsacteunratpniior ù a pidarmiemnatneii;pla i mùol uan go
possgiiobvialenev i i,v ipaimùol uan cg' omè;e nfoa tniecllaa voero ,
pitùe mpperol sov asgtoi,pa rmeop alerm aengdaol cohpceor leie ranno
nuosvoec isemito àd,ifi claaenb oi tued ciion sit Lui'mdie.da elPler o­
gressèisr oe aliIznlzo avtaopn.etc rae ndteogs lcii endziti uatittt eiim ­
pih av issevu itvioen q uecsetniat nonÈ i d.a ll'duelcteidnmenoli ­o
l'Ottcohcgeel uniot moi gnoid odnino u obveifn ieocd iii nspecroa­te
modilt'àa:cc qourar lesent treia,ld leu mlianp aotses,id bici olnisterà­
varoce o ngeicllia bredoe iu, s amraec chpiercn uec liarveoa,s r cer ive­
red,it aglli'aeerri egbl ra a cnoofn a lcimaetcriccaind iicc ohmeu,n ica­
rceo tle leofc ootnleo l egrdaiaf soc,o vlotocas iru eo cnogilr ammofono
oc olnar adeiv oe,d icaomlnoat elevgilsaiiv ovneen,in meelsnlttoei s ­
som omeinntc oua ic cadEol nsoop .a dsescloi nematografo?
Civ estnioasnmo odl iol anoad ic otomnade ifi, b rsei nteÈt iche.
unp icmcootlaoos r ceo pdpepileo ds,1io 1 O c hiclhpiee, r maeO trtvei lle
Wrighdtia lzasruus nai p paredcasc ehsisoa,n tafi ncaoet nrtei metri
metvriin,c eivnled noet p oep,ro csheic oinCldo in:c ocrodleli enpg oa­
cop idùid uoer Pea ricgio Nne wY ork.
Ne1l90u0nm edviiceo nindleo steSt,io gmru Fnrdepuudb,b ulni ca
liLb'rio nterprdeetsiao zgindoiicn, uie ino tatnon sivi e ndsoonlo­
tansteoi cceonpctihoeae ,p re nuovec osntorasddceee lnnalozlasal t ar a
psicoalnoagligialzi:izs at iisn etnit,i lmeeem notziiD,oi nc«ieO.:hl ,a
vita peostsmreoerlbietbn oet eressossleaos n astpiee e cs aspeiq susael co­
sad ip iù».
Coinr agXgi s i« legaglel»' idnetclerno orpu om aneol ,am edicina
el afi sipcrgraoe dispceolrnse oo stmainszteei rinodsiev iddaPu iaetre­
reeM arCiueri Vee.n gdoenboe ilvlla aitolilap o o,l iomeidèpe rlaittie-,
VIII Presentazione
camesnctoen lfiatt utbae rSciao rlrioqvsuaia .as giol tit antM'aaxn ni.
PlaneAc lkb Eeirnts tceolinlen o ,tr eoo rriiveo,l uzlcieoo nncaeznioo ni
delnlaat uedr ealm laat eDroipalo.' encehrriegic aa vidaafmioo s es ili,
quenlulcal peraordedo atltla' asttoimapome,on sadniud toi lizzare
quell'ifmomncethèneei s Slao le.
Derle sleat sot rocnhiaa vnign iopà o rtsautlLolu an Saip. e nasla­
lac readziim oinseis nitleir condtati rnaesnpptoealrrlat ino c,mi earr­e
ceip ositnva a rdiier ezioni.
Inu ns ecuonlgaoe ,n erèas ztiatotenase t idmito annpetr io deid gii,
molctreu deen lutoàtv,ri a gusaornidonvi i sbtias:o rgnias poan dere
tandtoem anPdeer.cc sihai ém madlica a ncpreor,dc ihvée nvteica­mo
chpier,c shiéa dmeos taim noartiir e?
Sip endsica r elaavr ieit nap rovdeitp trae,vle em nailraeet rteidei ­
tarideii,f n luenizclal risemp ao,s tgalinicd eob deimr ogd,i ficcoanr e,
immesnesrelr 'ea,g ricoltura.
Intagnlteior ,eo d piir otagdoidn uigesu tedirefi rnei «tger aned i»
dim ol«tpii cmcaot lrie»m ceonfndliih tatnivn ios ltfaoi ndeit ried eo­
log-ifea scniaszmiocs,om mou,n -iesl maco a dudtiaa l ciumnpie ri:
ancihcleo lonièam loirestl moaCo, i nsaèis vegliata.
Ne1l90g0li it aleiraapnnoiopc iodù it remnitlai Sotnaiv.ca onmo­
pareinp droia msic enits eorrmio,sl ialf uoecnleie ,ti tt reilceSafo,ol n­i.
tanltepoe rsiosnterc uoimtpeer ajvgilao nrnoa lcehce,o stcaivnaq ue
centeesp iesmrii s,t elmeda irseps uzft aec evida uneolA lriri.vd aa l­
l1nghiilpltr erercaud risjoarBmeoe nsSd h:e rHloolcmkDe asu .na n­
noc ircollpaerv aivnmeoet ture FIAT:l iocrtaetp oicteanlteo msio­ciale
laN.o nc 'erifa unmoe mtati ine, d icooflfari vifa ansoc diiFc aonltio ­
masd,iN icCka rtdeiBr u ffoaB liol l.
Ibla nddiimt ood saci hiamGaivuas Meupspoel iinncoi;ai mnp ò
unf idlifo e rrefo u c attudraaut nbo ri gaddieceiar rea bNiendliie ­ri.
cem1b9rl0eG ugliMealrmcoro incise evnfezi ailp lor ismeogn aMleo r­
sea ttralv'AetrlsaoDn itciEecd oi.s« oQnu:e Msatroc èou nnigi ova­
notsteorim oo,li tngo a mba».
Songola in ndies li gGniolrl reatstdoeiis, oi curAezpzpaa.il oen o
pridmaet tillo'graasfplei',rie nsap,r esso.
Ognit anqtuoa lgcuheerrc ao:m inlcRaiu asnsoeii Glai appeio ln e
2g enn1a9i0oc5 a dPeo rAtr thelu 'ra mmiTroaggaolT ,is ou shima,
metftueou rsliofa l odtetlzala Coro .m incainaclnhreoei voluuzniao ni:
domeniiplco apG ea pofno,rs speid ae ll'Olcahp roalnisaze,ig azr ae-ta
Prseentazione IX
risgtuai,ud nac ordtide iom ostvraenritsPloia ladz1znov eesr unlol a
nevdeiS aPni etrorbeusrttgaaonnc oth ei adzisz aen gue.
Sic ominapc airal daivr oeat lodl oen ndeie, m ancipfaezmimoin­e
nildeid, i vorzio.
Codnu ceo ldpiri i volatS ealraljael,vso ot ,u diernrteed Gean­tista
vriPlrion cuicpc li' daer cFiradnucceaFs ecrod ind'Aa unsdtoeril aam o­
glAinec.uh nem ondsnoee v aq:u edlellbole alé lpeo q.Èu i e2l8g iu­
gn1o91 4.
Let rudpepKlea isienrv adioBlne ole gl iapo r opagraacncdoan ta
chise o lcdoaintcl ih isoudlol 'tealgmlelitmeata nonao iib ambMientià.
delploap oladzepilio annèeec toai nvnoecllot nafl itto.
BenMiutsos odliirneidt,eqt luo ortei Idplio apnoodl 'oI tsapliina­,
gep eracnhcénh oeci bi u ttiammoi sncuehnlia lara:t idcifo olnèodi on ­
tito«lAautdoa cNioant» u.ts toind o' accco'crèhdè ipo e:lr ' intervento
ec hsio stliane enuet ralità.
I2l4m aggiole n osttrurpevp aer ciaclno onfi nceol n'A ustIriplao .e ­
taG ioBsoursèai n nontesalu doi ari«oV:aa dc oo mbapteutrne1 rtea lia
più buAog nuaef»ri.rn asi fita an ncoo nlit1 it:ah laa ivau6 t54o0. 00
morLtaiF .ra nc1i3.a0 000.0l,aG erma2n0.i4a00 0.0l,'A ustria-Un­
ghelri.2a 0 00.0 0!,I ngerhri6al8 t020.0 l,Ra u ssoil2at0. r0 e00 0.0 L.a
piccSoelrlab0 i00a.0 0Ip.lr esiddeegSnlttiaUe tn iiW toio,d Wriolws on,
lanucnip ar ogramma baamsbsaiutzloil o'saou,t doedpieo cpiosliio,n e
chdeo vraesbsbiec luapra arcpeees r e mpMraie nI. t aslpiia ard li«a V it­
torimau tileia ntGerm aa»n iad i« pugnaallsalhctaia e nIag »e.rmd ii
futguuqrii .
Gransdcii oepn,ee ril l'daelgl9o2s0ot,co c upadzeilfolean beb riche,
menit«lrc eo mandDa'Anntneu»nv zaaip or esiFdiiuamIrene.t aran­to
gazzioncn aim icieax c onmebraaet,s t teundtceihn heta in,pn eom ro t­
to«M en efr ego», svegnatgolliaeanc rood rertptoeetlentric or a im pagne
incendCiaamneddreoLel a voeLro e gchaet toClaincthGaein.oo v inez­
zap,a rdoiSl ael vGaottomtrua s,i dcemala esBtlraoInc c o.m unriis­ti
spond«oSnootn:iod p agi a lerab/asndodi[ne ao d roni/tees chio bianco
·
mannoe ras/earlvd iepziai dor oNneicl»i .n edmoam inTaonmMo i x,
cow-MbaoryPy,i ckfo«rlfidad, a nzda'Atmae ricDao»u,gF laaisr banks,
CharClhiaep cloilnnei rresciosmtiiicbnhIi etl;ail l e«i Sat eslolneo»
FrancBeesrctPaii nnMiae, n icehD eilolmJiia rac obini.
Piticgorniqlulciioss lut soaa rceac somlenos ubea ttilu ettept ioùr i
spregiiutlde inceFanettrier;u a nrp irni mmaotnod ivaolldeaaR: o ma
x Presentazione
aT okiin1o 12 ordei,c iotcthoimliomlmeaed t1ir69ai; N, e dNoa di,
campidoisn ceh evrmian,lc Oeel impdiiAa ndvie IrnsG ae.rm aniina­,
tanto, acdao gmiitnuacncri esariA t dooH lfi tler.
I3l0o tt1o9b2rB2ee nMiutsos orlaigginuinl gace a pietc ahliea ma
acanast aéon cdhuele i bedruadele im,o crdaupteoi pcoii,lc aartit,o li­
ceid ucea pdiis tamtaoggi orEe ri.m anadc aa slace a minceriece,h e
soneon traaRt oem maa rciaon cdaao v,a qlulaol,ca unnciohn ce a r­
rozzQeulalnaid.dlo u cheai nm aniopl o tleoer seer,c ciodtnua r ezza:
finislecl oinboder ist tàa medp ira i unic'o uènn te r,i bunale speciale che
nocno ncaepdpeem laMl uis,s oelsianlliagt eanc tolena c onqudieslt­a
l1mopc,er rle'aO pmeartae rein niftaànp zrioam,ul oa«v bea ttdaegll ia
granos»ai,c cocrodlnaaC hiefsoan,led C ao rporaPzoiiocsnfrhoieéf.
itlo rmednetlcolu elv lueot taes,ics eal pirbeiml,fie aa m ingulmieer ose
ede spriamlfe e dedriRa alvee ninslau p or ogra«m0bm aam:b oil nei­
gnatMeu»s.s olin<i< Gpriaaatnctdepeo ri.rme ca h ter ibpuintùori ,b u­
noc hpeo liptiipùco ol,ic thsietc aot idsitdcaiel» ul,ios toGriiacno­
francBoi anchi.
InG ermansiiian neg<Hg<eiHiail:t leIrcl»a .n cealrlriaieg vruaei ­
dairPlea ecsoeln' appodgeglgileoano tdeig,ale ib rmeaai n cghlseip ort
violèeg netnict,oile nls ei gnebo arceli ama a naol lat asrieèagrp ,ei eno
dip rempuerri selu coa nael sazeid ainsop,ert ezezmgaeli in tellettuali,
glpii accifii losmne on timele oenp tearl<ei<t grCtaoennm ostdriga a m­
bec»o,m aen noutnaso t rceotltloa blo'raartcohriet,Se ptetIeolr. Albert
l soe tt1e9m3bo9rr ed iln'aa sesl a'Elutroto:rp eaDm oad.ia cnint ir,e
meseoi t gitoorn diu relradà i ttadte<ul<ra c apbooreamclooe»m ,leo
chiamHaivnad enburg.
Glain nTir ensotnaao n ndii ffipcelir'El uir oIpnIa t.a slèiig ai à
instaluqdr iatttaad tiMu ursas oeli inGn ermia niHai tslera allpe o ­
tedreeb elolgnaion pdpoo sciozmnie otnsoepd eibs rsuot LaaRl uis.sè i a
domindaaptlua gn doif erdriSo t alLe'ivne.dn etsloe caoM loos,cè a ,
stautnara i voluqzuiedolionl teat: o Nbe1rl91e7.è c adul't iom pero de­
glzia Nro.nc 'pèi eptenàro bbiolrig,mh aen seia,n pcehmrei gldiia ia
sociriavloilsutziLi aod niatrtiad.etp lur roal edtiaL reinaieptn oo,di i
Stalinc,o mupenar suslcalo om pressore.
Ancghleii n telsloentiotnc u raiAlsliidl .ia s ordmiafn erattGiael,re ­
mandiiaW eimsasiro ,v raqpupeodlnelelac l roacu en cinata.
LaF rancèis ac odsasc ao ntlionstuitene d aepc oalliiCt oispcìuh e­.
rela S pagmnaad ,u grea ndsic ritFteodreiGri,ac rocL ioare cR aa fael