Table Of ContentSTOCHASTIC AND STATISTICAL METHODS
IN HYDROLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
VOLUME4
EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Water Science and Technology Library
VOLUME 10/4
Series Editor:
V. P. Singh, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, U.S.A.
Editorial Advisory Board:
S. Chandra, Roorkee, U.P., India
J. C. van Dam, Pijnacker, The Netherlands
M. Fiorentino, Potenza, Italy
W. H. Hager, ZUrich, Switzerland
N. Harmancioglu, Izmir, Turkey
V. V. N. Murty, Bangkok, Thailand
J. Nemec, Genthod/Geneva, Switzerland
A. R. Rao, West Lafayette, Ind, U.S.A.
Shan Xu Wang, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
STOCHASTIC AND STATISTICAL METHODS
IN HYDROLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Volume4
EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
edited by
KEITH W. HIPEL
Departments of Systems Design Engineering and
Statistics and Actuarial Science,
University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
and
LIPINGFANG
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Ryerson Polytechnic University,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
and
Department of Systems Design Engineering,
University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Stochastlc and statlstlcal methods In hydrology and envlronmental
englneerlng.
p. cm. -- (Water sclence and technology 11brary ; v. 10)
Papers presented at an InternatIonal conference held at the
Unlverslty of Waterloo, Canada, June 21-23, 1993.
Includes Index.
Contents, v. 1. Extreme'values, floods and droughts / edlted by
Kelth W. Hlpel -- v. 2. Stochastlc and statlstlcal modelllng wlth
groundwater and surface water appllcatlons / edlted by Keith W.
Hipel -- v. 3. Time ser les analysls In hydrology and envlronmental
englneerlng / edlted by Kelth W. Hlpel ... let al.1 -- v.
4. Effectlve envlronmental management for sustalnable development /
edlted by Keith W. Hlpel and Liplng Fang.
ISBN 978-90-481-4380-1 ISBN 978-94-017-3081-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3081-5
1. Hydrology--Sratlstlcal methods--Congresses. 2. Stochastlc
processes--Congresses. 1. Serles.
G6656.2.S7S815 1994
551.48'01'5195--dc20 94-27708
ISBN 978-90-481-4380-1
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced Of
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
In Memory of Professor T.E. Unny
(1929 - 1991)
The Editors of this volume, Professor Keith W. Hipel (left) and Dr. Liping Fang
{centre), are showing Professor Unny posters for the International Conference on
Stochastic and Statistical Methods in Hydrology and Environmental Engineering held
in his honour, June 21 to 23, 1993. The photograph was taken at the University of
Waterloo on December 20, 1991, eight days before Professor Unny's untimely death.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE .................. .
Xl
AN INTERNATIONAL CELEBRATION xiii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......... . xvii
PART I: COMPLIANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND
MONITORING
Enforcement of Environmental Laws and Regulations: A Literature Review
L. FANG, K. W. HIPEL and D. M. KILGOUR 3
Sustainable Development and the Role of Environmental Law Enforcement
P. CUILLERIER 17
A Policy for Inducing Compliance to Environmental Regulations
K. FUKUYAMA, D. M. KILGOUR and K. W. HIPEL 29
Game-Theoretic Analysis of Integrated Environmental
Management with Combined Reuse of Wastewater
H. WATANABE and N. OKADA 43
How Penalty Affects Enforcement of Environmental Regulations
Under Perfect Detection
D. M. KILGOUR, L. FANG and K. W. HIPEL 57
Risk in Ex Ante User Charge Schemes
L. ECKEL and K. FISHER 73
Information, Knowledge and Environmental Regulations
K. KOBAYASHI 89
Estimation of Quantiles with Application to Regulations
S. R. ESTERBY 103
Probabilistic Design of Multi-Stage Rotating Biological Contactors
I. BUCHANAN and R. LEDUC 113
Square Root Transformation of Data in an Effluent Limit Setting Program
J. SELLIAH and A. SHARMA 127
Development of a Methodology for Data Collection Network Design
Y-J. YANG and D. H. BURN 139
A Comparison of Some Omnibus Monitoring Schemes
W. CHOW and M. S. SRIVASTAVA 153
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
Environmental Monitoring: Architecture of a Global Model
N. KYRIAKOPOULOS 165
Probability Criteria for Assessing Water Quality Series
L. A. LOGAN 179
Selected Variograms and Optimal Network Design of Rainfall
Observation Facilities
T. MASUMOTO, H. SATO, K. IWASAKI and K. SHIBUYA 193
PART II: RISK AND DECISION MAKING
Statistical Properties of Reliability and Resiliency Measures
K. S. TICKLE and I. C. GOULTER 209
Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model
with Application to the Great Lakes Water Levels Problem
Y. YIN and K. W. HIPEL 221
Hydrological Impact of Regulation Scenarios on Flood Risk Levels
on the Great Lakes
K. C. A. CHOW, D. H. LEE and D. FAY 245
Regional Reliability Envelopes of Flood Warning Systems
K. S. KELLY and R. KRZYSZTOFOWICZ 259
Grey Chance-Constrained Programming:
Application to Regional Solid Waste Management Planning
G. H. HUANG, B. W. BAETZ and G. G. PATRY 267
Probablistic Trade-Off Curves for Multipurpose Reservoir Operation
in Colombia
R. SMITH, D. VALENCIA and E. CADAVID 281
PART III: KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
Knowledge-Based System for Reservoir Operation During Low Flows
Utilizing Weather Forecast Information
S. IKEBUCHI, T. KOJIRI, K. TOMOSUGI and C. GALVAO 295
Expert System for Inner Basin Drainage
T. KURASHIGE and N. TANAKA 309
Knowledge Acquisition and Qualitative Reasoning for Flood Control
S. OISHI and S. IKEBUCHI 321
Gate Operations by Fuzzy Inference in Compound River Basins
N. HASHIMOTO, K. HOSHI and N. KOREEDA 335
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
Computer Assisted Avalanche Forecasting
D. M. McCLUNG 347
PART IV: RESERVOIR OPERATION
The Reliability, Resilience, and Vulnerability of Over-Year
Water Supply Systems
R. M. VOGEL and R. A. BOLOGNESE 361
A Frequency and Duration Constrained Model for the Optimization
of a Single Reservoir Operation
H. TATANO, N. OKADA, K. YOSHIKAWA and H. KAWAI 375
An Algorithm for Determining Closed-Loop Operations Policies
for Multi-Reservoir Systems
B. J. ADAMS and K. PONNAMBALAM 389
Incorporating Uncertainty in Energy Demand in a Reservoir Reliability
Planning Model
R. SRINIVASAN and S. P. SIMONOVIC 397
A Comparison of Stochastic Optimization Methods
for Multi-Reservoir Systems
S. FLETCHER, M. BESSA, K. PONNAMBALAM and W. F. CURl 411
Short-Term Control of a Storage Reservoir with Consideration
of Long-Term Effects
H. SLOTA 425
Short-Term Control of Two Storage Reservoirs with Consideration
of Final Fulfilment
H. SLOTA, S. MAZON and W. INDYK 437
Stochastic Approach to Idle Discharge from Energy Reservoir
W. INDYK and A. POTOCKI 447
Author Index . 455
Subject Index • 457
PREFACE
Objectives
Sustainable development has become a prime objective of governments, industrial
enterprises, environmental groups and many other organizations and individuals
throughout the world. In order to approach the ideal situation in which there is
a proper balance between economic development and preservation of the earth's nat
ural environment, well conceived policies for environmental management are certainly
required. The main purpose of this edited volume is to present some of the latest and
most promising approaches to both the theory and practice of effective environmental
management for sustainable development.
Contents
As shown in the Table of Contents, the book is subdivided into the following major
parts:
PART I COMPLIANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
AND MONITORING
PART II RISK AND DECISION MAKING
PART III KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
PART IV RESERVOIR OPERATION
To achieve sustainable development and subsequently maintain that important goal,
society must control the widespread devastation of the water, land and air resources
caused by human activities such as releasing untreated or partially treated indus
trial and residential wastes into the environment, excessive spraying of insecticides
on crops, and urban sprawl into the countryside resulting from overpopulation. In
response to the environmental crisis, many countries have formulated national envi
ronmental policies and enacted accompanying environmental laws and regulations.
However, the existence of environmental laws and regulations does not mean that
they will be obeyed. For instance, for economic reasons, some industries may be
tempted to not properly treat wastes prior to disposal. Therefore, the monitoring,
inspection and enforcement components of environmental laws and regulations are
necessary to ensure compliance. The overall purpose of Part I in the book is to present
original approaches for tackling challenging problems in compliance to environmen
tal regulations and the associated activity of monitoring. The first paper in Part
I provides a literature review of environmental enforcement and verification theory
while the second contribution deals with the role of environmental law enforcement
in sustainable development. The remaining papers are concerned with compliance
models and their applications, as well as monitoring.
xi
