Stinging Insect Allergy: A Clinician's Guide

319 Pages·2017·7.05 MB·English

by  Theodore M. Freeman

Stinging
Insect Allergy
A Clinician’s Guide
Theodore M. Freeman
James M. Tracy
Editors
123
Stinging Insect Allergy
Theodore M. Freeman • James M. Tracy
Editors
Stinging Insect Allergy
A Clinician’s Guide
Editors
Theodore M. Freeman James M. Tracy
San Antonio Allergy and Asthma Clinic Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
San Antonio, Texas Associates P.C.
USA Omaha, Nebraska
USA
ISBN 978-3-319-46190-8 ISBN 978-3-319-46192-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-46192-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017943115
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Foreword
I have been fascinated with insects for almost as long as I can remember. I can dis-
tinctly recall only one writing assignment from third grade and that is because it
was about a heroic ant who saved his nest from certain destruction. It was some-
what later that I learned that my hero was most likely a heroine since the over-
whelming majority of individuals in any hymenoptera colony are female. Much
later in life I began to develop an interest in medical entomology, and I learned I had
a Homo sapiens-centric viewpoint of the world. Did you know that there are an
estimated 10 quintillion (10, 000,000,000,000,000,000) individual insects alive at
any time and that the total biomass of ants alone is nearly equivalent to that of
humans?[1, 2] The more I learned, the more I developed a fascination and interest
with insects.
When I became an allergy-immunology fellow, it seemed only natural that I
focus my research on hymenoptera, especially ants. This avocation eventually led to
me being asked to edit this volume.
This book is focused squarely on hymenoptera as these are clearly the most
important species for the allergist-immunologist and in many ways is a descen-
dant of the Monograph on Insect Allergy.3 My coeditor Dr. Jim Tracy and I
believe in the importance of giving depth to the clinical aspects of hymenoptera
stings by examining areas outside these strict medical aspects; consequently
there are chapters on the entomologic aspects of hymenoptera and the history of
hymenoptera stings in humans. In addition we believe that some families of
hymenoptera deserve special attention such as bees and ants; therefore, we have
included chapters devoted to these insects. Every allergist-immunologist that has
a clinical practice knows that our patients expect us to be the experts on all
1 https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm
2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology
3 Levin MI and Lockey RF, eds. Monograph on Insect Allergy Fourth Ed. Dave Lambert Associates,
Pittsburgh, PA. 2003
v
vi Foreword
insects and not just those that sting. So we include chapters on biting insects,
mosquitos, and insects as vectors of other infectious diseases. Finally and not
surprisingly, the more we learn, the more questions we have about these insects.
Dr. Tracy wrote a chapter reviewing some of the most important questions that
we continue to face.
I hope you will find this guide not only useful but interesting and enlightening.
I do, but then I always have.
San Antonio, TX, USA Theodore M. Freeman
Contents
Part I
1 History of Hymenoptera Allergy ................................ 3
James M. Quinn
2 Entomological Aspects of Insect Sting Allergy .................... 17
Robert S. Jacobson
3 Hymenoptera Venoms: Toxicity, Components, Stability,
and Standardization ......................................... 43
Ellen L. Danneels, Matthias Van Vaerenbergh,
and Dirk C. de Graaf
4 Clinical Aspects of Hymenoptera Allergy: IgE Response,
Stings, and Immunotherapy ................................... 71
Kevin M. White
5 Diagnostic In Vivo and In Vitro Methods in Insect Allergy ......... 85
Robert G. Hamilton
6 Pathologic Findings in Hymenoptera Sting Fatalities ............. 101
Jessica B. Perkins and Anne B. Yates
7 Treatment of Hymenoptera Reactions: Acute and Prophylactic .... 109
David F. Graft
8 Adverse Reactions to Skin Testing and Immunotherapy
with Hymenoptera Venoms and Whole-Body Extracts ............ 125
Robbie Pesek and Richard F. Lockey
9 Duration of Venom Immunotherapy ........................... 141
David B.K. Golden
vii
viii Contents
Part II
10 Unique Aspects of Bee Allergy and Reactions ................... 155
William R. McKenna and Tyson C. Brown
11 The Imported Fire Ant: The US Experience .................... 189
Mike Tankersley and Daniel Steigelman
12 Mosquito Hypersensitivity: Clinical Updates .................... 203
Renata J.M. Engler and Howard C. Crisp
13 Reactions to Arthropod Bites ................................. 231
John C. Carlson
14 Arthropods and Human Disease .............................. 247
Michael O’Connell
Part III
15 Behavior, Ecology, Natural History, and Distribution
of Stinging Hymenoptera .................................... 271
Justin O. Schmidt
16 Insect Sting Allergy and Mast Cell Disease ..................... 285
Patrizia Bonadonna, Roberta Zanotti, and Franziska Ruëff
17 Insect Allergy: Unanswered Questions, a Postscript .............. 307
James M. Tracy
Index ......................................................... 313
List of Contributors
Patrizia Bonadonna Allergy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di
Verona, Verona, Italy
Tyson C. Brown Department of Medicine, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center,
Landstuhl, Germany
John C. Carlson Sections of Allergy and Immunology and Community Pediatrics
and Global Health, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Howard C. Crisp North Texas Allergy and Asthma Associates, Dallas, TX, USA
Ellen L. Danneels Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of
Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Renata J.M. Engler Department of Medicine, Allergy-Immunology, Uniformed
Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Department of Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
(WRNMMC), Bethesda, MD, USA
Theodore M. Freeman San Antonio Allergy and Asthma Clinic, San Antonio,
TX, USA
David B.K. Golden Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Dirk C. de Graaf Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of
Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
David F. Graft Department of Asthma and Allergic Diseases, Park Nicollet Clinic,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
Robert G. Hamilton Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Departments
of Medicine and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins Dermatology, Allergy
and Clinical Immunology (DACI) Reference Laboratory, Baltimore, MD, USA
ix
x List of Contributors
Robert S. Jacobson Senior Technical Specialist (Retired), Greer Laboratories
Inc., Lenoir, NC, USA
Richard F. Lockey Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa,
FL, USA
William  R.  McKenna Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health
Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
Michael O’Connell Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep
Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine,
Columbus, OH, USA
Jessica B. Perkins Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical
Center, Jackson, MS, USA
Robbie  Pesek University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas
Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
James M. Quinn Department of Allergy and Immunology, San Antonio Uniformed
Services Health Education Consortium, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center,
San Antonio, TX, USA
Franziska Ruëff AllergieZENTRUM, Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und
Allergologie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
Justin O. Schmidt Southwestern Biological Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Daniel  Steigelman Department of Allergy and Immunology, San Antonio
Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Wilford Hall Ambulatory
Surgical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
Mike Tankersley The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis,
TN, USA
James M. Tracy Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal
Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Associates, P.C., Omaha, NE, USA
Matthias  Van Vaerenbergh Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology,
Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
Kevin  M.  White Department of Allergy, US Air Force, RAF Lakenheath,
Brandon, UK
Anne B. Yates Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center,
Jackson, MS, USA
Roberta  Zanotti Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Azienda
Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy