Stem Cell Technologies in Neuroscience

242 Pages·2017·10.37 MB·English

by  Amit K. Srivastava

Neuromethods 126
Amit K. Srivastava
Evan Y. Snyder
Yang D. Teng Editors
Stem Cell
Technologies
in Neuroscience
N
euromethods
Series Editor
Wolfgang Walz
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7657
Stem Cell Technologies
in Neuroscience
Edited by
Amit K. Srivastava
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Program in Regenerative Medicine,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
Evan Y. Snyder
Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine,
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Yang D. Teng
Departments of PM&R and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School,
Spaulding Rehabilitation Network and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Editors
Amit K. Srivastava Evan Y. Snyder
Department of Pediatric Surgery Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
Children’s Program in Regenerative Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery
Medicine Institute
University of Texas Health La Jolla, CA, USA
Science Center at Houston
McGovern Medical School
Houston, TX, USA
Yang D. Teng
Departments of PM&R and Neurosurgery
Harvard Medical School
Spaulding Rehabilitation Network and
Brigham & Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA, USA
ISSN 0893-2336 ISSN 1940-6045 (electronic)
Neuromethods
ISBN 978-1-4939-7022-3 ISBN 978-1-4939-7024-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-7024-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017937332
© Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017
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Cover illustration: Green fluorescent protein expressing human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs: green)
genetically engineered to produce the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), formed extensive gap junctions
(connexin 43 immunoreactivity: red dots) with Nanog positive (purple) U87 human (Grade IV) glioblastoma multiforme
cells. (Original confocal z-stack imaging data of Teng Laboratory, Department of PM&R, Harvard Medical School.
Z-axis scale: 0.50 μm. All rights reserved).
Printed on acid-free paper
This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature
The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC
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Preface to the Series
Experimental life sciences have two basic foundations: concepts and tools. The Neuromethods
series focuses on the tools and techniques unique to the investigation of the nervous system
and excitable cells. It will not, however, shortchange the concept side of things as care has
been taken to integrate these tools within the context of the concepts and questions under
investigation. In this way, the series is unique in that it not only collects protocols but also
includes theoretical background information and critiques which led to the methods and
their development. Thus, it gives the reader a better understanding of the origin of the
techniques and their potential future development. The Neuromethods publishing program
strikes a balance between recent and exciting developments like those concerning new ani-
mal models of disease, imaging, in vivo methods, and more established techniques, includ-
ing immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological technologies. New trainees in
neurosciences still need a sound footing in these older methods in order to apply a critical
approach to their results.
Under the guidance of its founders, Alan Boulton and Glen Baker, the Neuromethods
series has been a success since its first volume published through Humana Press in 1985. The
series continues to flourish through many changes over the years. It is now published under
the umbrella of Springer Protocols. While methods involving brain research have changed a
lot since the series started, the publishing environment and technology have changed even
more radically. Neuromethods has the distinct layout and style of the Springer Protocols
program, designed specifically for readability and ease of reference in a laboratory setting.
The careful application of methods is potentially the most important step in the process
of scientific inquiry. In the past, new methodologies led the way in developing new disci-
plines in the biological and medical sciences. For example, physiology emerged out of
Anatomy in the nineteenth century by harnessing new methods based on the newly discov-
ered phenomenon of electricity. Nowadays, the relationships between disciplines and meth-
ods are more complex. Methods are now widely shared between disciplines and research
areas. New developments in electronic publishing make it possible for scientists that
encounter new methods to quickly find sources of information electronically. The design of
individual volumes and chapters in this series takes this new access technology into account.
Springer Protocols makes it possible to download single protocols separately. In addition,
Springer makes its print-on-demand technology available globally. A print copy can there-
fore be acquired quickly and for a competitive price anywhere in the world.
Saskatoon, Canada Wolfgang Walz
v
Preface
In the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the discovery of multipotent engraftable stem cells
within tissues that were previously thought to be immutable and rigid (e.g., the central
nervous system and heart) gave birth to the field of regenerative medicine. By the late
1990s, the ability to isolate cells that were pluripotent expanded the repertoire of cell types
that could be generated and transplanted. The discovery that somatic cells from living
patients could be reprogrammed back to pluripotence or, with genetic engineering, even
transdifferentiated to another somatic cell type without being reprogrammed back to plu-
ripotence further expanded the “palette” from which practitioners of regenerative medicine
could choose appropriate cells. Paralleling the discovery of the range of cell types that
might be used translationally was a growing appreciation for the multiple therapeutic
actions of those cells. It came to be realized that not only might cells be used for replace-
ment of degenerating or missing cells but also they might be used for molecular therapy as
chaperone cells for restoring homeostasis to disordered systems. Such actions might be via
diffusible factors, through the intercellular transfer of molecules via gap junctions or by the
engulfment of microvesicles, or by changing the differentiation fate of host stem/progeni-
tor cells. Contemporaneously with these discoveries was a growing realization of the mul-
tiple pathological processes ongoing for each disease, to which the multiple modal actions
of the stem cells might be mapped. Translational stem cell biologists came to realize that
they must tailor the choice of a particular stem cell to the often-unique needs of a particular
disease state. In recognition of growing excitement and potential of stem cells, there is a
need to provide comprehensive information and detailed laboratory protocols used in stem
cell biology.
Houston, TX, USA Amit K. Srivastava
La Jolla, CA, USA Evan Y. Snyder
Boston, MA, USA Yang D. Teng
vii
Contents
Preface to the Series................................................. v
Preface.......................................................... vii
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1 Three-Dimensional Cultures of Human Neural Stem Cells:
An Application for Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis............ 1
Se Hoon Choi, Carla D’Avanzo, Young Hye Kim, Enjana Bylykbashi,
Matthias Hebisch, Oliver Brüstle, Ruldolph E. Tanzi, and Doo Yeon Kim
2 Neural Stem Cell Fate Control on Micropatterned Substrates ............. 19
Leonora Buzanska, Marzena Zychowicz, Ana Ruiz, and François Rossi
3 Dopaminergic and GABAergic Neuron In Vitro Differentiation
from Embryonic Stem Cells ...................................... 45
Talita Glaser, Juliana Corrêa-Velloso, Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli,
Yang D. Teng, and Henning Ulrich
4 Transfection of Cultured Primary Neurons ........................... 55
Annalisa Rossi, Ralf Dahm, and Paolo Macchi
5 Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts to Induced Oligodendrocyte
Progenitor Cells ............................................... 79
Robert T. Karl, Angela M. Lager, Fadi J. Najm, and Paul J. Tesar
6 Isolation and Culture of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells
from Prenatal and Postnatal Rodent Brain............................ 95
Danyang He, Bradley Meyer, and Q. Richard Lu
7 Schwann Cell Isolation and Culture Reveals the Plasticity of These Glia...... 111
David E. Weinstein
8 Generation of Cerebral Organoids Derived from Human Pluripotent
Stem Cells.................................................... 123
Mark E. Hester and Alexis B. Hood
9 Development of Mouse Cell-Based In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models..... 135
Malgorzata Burek, Ellaine Salvador, and Carola Y. Förster
10 Microfluidic Device for Studying Traumatic Brain Injury................. 145
Yiing Chiing Yap, Tracey C. Dickson, Anna E. King, Michael C. Breadmore,
and Rosanne M. Guijt
11 Multimodal Neural Stem Cell Research Protocols for Experimental
Spinal Cord Injuries ............................................ 157
Yang D. Teng, Evan Y. Snyder, Xiang Zeng, Liquan Wu,
and Inbo Han
12 Real-Time Dual MRI for Predicting and Subsequent Validation
of Intra-Arterial Stem Cell Delivery to the Central Nervous System......... 175
Piotr Walczak and Miroslaw Janowski
ix
x Contents
13 Standardized Cryopreservation of Stem Cells ......................... 193
Maria L. Thompson, Eric J. Kunkel, and Rolf O. Ehrhardt
14 Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles in Stem
Cell-Related Studies ............................................ 205
Zezhou Zhao, Dillon C. Muth, Vasiliki Mahairaki, Linzhao Cheng,
and Kenneth W. Witwer
15 Essential Requirements for Setting Up a Stem Cell Laboratory ............ 225
Philip H. Schwartz and Robin L. Wesselschmidt
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Contributors
Jamie e. anderson • Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of SCI Research, VA Boston
Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
michael c. Breadmore • Australia Centre for Research on Separation Science
(ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
oliver Brüstle • Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and Brain Center,
University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
leonora Buzanska • Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mosakowski Medical Research
Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
malgorzata Burek • Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of
Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
enJana BylykBashi • Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for
Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Charlestown, MA, USA
linzhao cheng • Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Hematology,
Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
MD, USA; Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
liquan Wu • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical
School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of SCI
Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
se hoon choi • Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for
Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Charlestown, MA, USA
Juliana corrêa-velloso • Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University
of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
carla d'avanzo • Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral institute for
Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Charlestown, MA, USA
ralf dahm • Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
tracey c. dickson • Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania,
Hobart, TAS, Australia
rolf o. ehrhardt • MedCision, Inc ., San Rafael, CA, USA
carola y. förster • Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University
of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
talita glaser • Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
rosanne m. guiJt • School of Medicine and ACROSS, University of Tasmania, Hobart,
TAS, Australia
xi
xii Contributors
inBo han • Departments of PM&R and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and
Spaulding Rehabilitation Network, Boston, MA, USA; Division of SCI Research, VA
Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Cha
University, Seoul, South Korea
danyang he • Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology &
Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
matthias heBisch • Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE and Brain Center,
University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany; German Center for
Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
mark e. hester • Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide
Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
alexis B. hood • Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide
Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
miroslaW JanoWski • Division of MR Research, Russell H . Morgan Department of
Radiology and Radiological Science, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology
Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA; NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
roBert t. karl • Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve
University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
doo yeon kim • Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for
Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School,
Charlestown, MA, USA
young hye kim • Division off Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute,
Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
anna e. king • Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, School of Medicine,
University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
eric J. kunkel • MedCision, Inc ., San Rafael, CA, USA
angela m. lager • Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve
University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
q. richard lu • Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology &
Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Paolo macchi • Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre
for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
vasiliki mahairaki • Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins
University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Bradley meyer • Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology &
Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
dillon c. muth • Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Cellular and Molecular
Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
MD, USA