State of Repression: Iraq under Saddam Hussein

377 Pages·2018·4.4 MB·English

by  Lisa Blaydes

STATE OF REPRESSION

S TAT E O F
R E P R E S S I O N
Iraq under Saddam Hussein
LISA BLAYDES
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PrincetonandOxford
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Jacketimage:Baghdad,Iraq,2002
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ISBN978-0-691-18027-4
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CONTENTS
ListofFiguresandTables ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction 1
PART I THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL FOUNDATIONS
2 ComplianceandResistanceunderAutocracy 31
3 State-andNation-BuildinginIraq,1973–1979 61
4 WarBurdenandCoalitionalPolitics,1980–1991 80
5 PoliticalImplicationsofEconomicEmbargo,1991–2003 112
PART II POLITICAL BEHAVIOR IN IRAQ, 1979–2003
6 CollaborationandResistanceinIraqiKurdistan 133
7 PoliticalOrientationandBa(cid:1)thPartyParticipation 163
8 RumorsasResistance 196
9 Religion,Identity,andContentiousPolitics 237
10 MilitaryService,Militias,andCoupAttempts 266
11 Conclusion 305
Bibliography 331
Index 351

FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure1.1. Ethno-religiouspopulationdistributionacrossIraqand
Baghdad 22
Figure4.1. Percentageoffamilieswithafatherorbrotherkilledineither
theIran-IraqWarortheGulfWarbasedon2001–2002academicyear
SchoolRegisters 100
Figure4.2. Scatterplotofrelationshipbetweendistrict-levelwardeathsand
daystoprotestduring1991Uprisings 110
Figure7.1. Percentageofstudentswithan“independent”political
orientationforacademicyears1987–1988,1991–1992,1995–1996,and
2001–2002 177
Figure7.2. PercentageofBaghdadstudentswithan“independent”political
orientationforacademicyear2001–2002 179
Figure7.3. Percentageofstudentswith“friendofthepresident”
designation,2001–2002;percentagewith“friendofthepresident”
designationaftercontrollingforwardeathinthefamily,2001–2002 187
Figure7.4. PercentageofBaghdadstudentswith“friendofthepresident”
designation,2001–2002;percentagewith“friendofthepresident”
designationaftercontrollingforwardeathinthefamily,2001–2002 189
Figure8.1. Rumorsbyregion,1996through2002 213
Figure10.1. Percentageofhighschoolstudentswhovolunteeredfor
Saddam’sFedayeen,2001–2002 288
Table2.1. Conceptualschemeforrelationshipbetweendistributionregime
andformofcompliance 43