Table Of ContentSpringer
Proceedings in Physics 88
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
ONLINE llBRARY
Physics and Astronomy
http://www.springer.de/phys/
Springer Proceedings in Physics
50 Magnetic Properties of Low-Dimensional Systems 71 Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Carbide IV
II: New Developments Editors: C. Y. Yaug, M. M. Rahmau,
Editors: L. M. Falicov, F. Mejfa-Lira, aud G. L. Harris
aud J. L. Morau-L6pez 72 Computer Simulation Studies
51 The Physics and Chemistry in Condensed-Matter Physics IV
of Organic Superconductors Editors: D. P. Laudau, K. K. Mou,
Editors: G. Saito aud S. Kagoshima aud H.-B. Schiittler
52 Dynamics and Patterns in Complex Fluids: 73 Surfa ce Science: Principles and Applications
New Aspects ofthe Physics-Chemistry Editors: R. F. Howe, R. N. Lamb, aud K. Waudelt
Interface 74 Time-Resolved
Editors: A. Ouuki aud K. Kawasaki Vibrational Spectroscopy VI
Editors: A. Lau, F. Siebert, and W. Wemcke
53 Computer Simulation Studies
in Condensed-Matter Physics III 75 Computer Simulation Studies
Editors: D. P. Laudau, K. K. Mou, in Condensed-Matter Physics V
aud H.-B. Schiittler Editors: D. P. Laudau, K. K. Mon,
54 Polycrystalline Semiconductors II aud H.-B. Schiittler
Editors: J. H. Wemer aud H. P. Struuk 76 Computer Simulation Studies
55 Nonlinear Dynamics and Quantum Phenomena in in Condensed-Matter Physics VI
Optical Systems Editors: D. P. Laudau, K. K. Mon,
Editors: R. Vilaseca and R. Corbalau aud H.-B. Schiittler
56 Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Carbide III, 77 Quantum Optics VI
and Other Group IV-IV Materials Editors: D. F. Walls and J. D. Harvey
Editors: G. L. Harris, M. G. Speucer, 78 Computer Simulation Studies
and C. Y. Yaug in Condensed-Matter Physics VII
Editors: D. P. Landau, K. K. Mon,
57 Evolutionary Trends in the Physical Sciences
aud H.-B. Schiittler
Editors: M. Suzuki aud R. Kubo
58 New Trends in Nuclear Collective Dynamics 79 Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
Editors: Y. Abe, H. Horiuchi, in Semiconductors and Devices
aud K. Matsuyauagi Editor: F.-J. Niedernostheide
59 Exotic Atoms in Condensed Matter 80 Computer Simulation Studies
Editors: G. Beuedek and H. Schneuwly in Condensed-Matter Physics VIII
60 The Physics and Chemistry Editors: D. P. Landau, K. K. Mou,
of Oxide Superconductors and H.-B. Schiittler
Editors: Y. Iye and H. Yasuoka 81 Materials and Measurements in Molecular
61 Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering Electronics
Editors: H. Zabel aud 1. K. Robiusou Editors: K. Kajimura and S. Kuroda
62 Surfa ce Science: Lectures on Basic Concepts 82 Computer Simulation Studies
and Applications in Condensed-Matter Physics IX
Editors: F. A. Pouce aud M. Cardona Editors: D.P. Landau, K. K. Mou,
63 Coherent Raman Spectroscopy: Recent Advances aud H.-B. Schiittler
Editors: G. Marowsky aud V. V. Smimov 83 Computer Simulation Studies
64 Superconducting Devices and Their Applications in Condensed-Matter Physics X
Editors: H. Koch aud H. Liibbig Editors: D. P. Landau, K. K. Mon,
and H.-B. Schiittler
65 Present and Future of High-Energy Physics 84 Computer Simulation Studies
Editors. K.-L Aoki and M. Kobayashi
in Condensed-Matter Physics XI
66 The Structure and Conformation Editors: D. P. Landau and
of Amphiphilic Membranes H.-B. Schiittler
Editors: R. Lipowsky, D. Richter, and K. Kremer 85 Computer Simulation Studies
67 Nonlinearity with Disorder in Condensed-Matter Physics XII
Editors: F. Abdullaev, A. R. Bishop, Editors: D. P. Landau, S. P. Lewis and
and S. Pnevmatikos H.-B. Schiittler
68 Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy V 86 Computer Simulation Studies
Editor: H. Takahashi Eind Citoornsd: eDn.s ePd. -LMaantdtearu ,P sh.y Psi.c Ls eXwIIisI and
69 Evolution of Dynamical Structures
H.-B. Schiittler
in Complex Systems 87 Proceedings ofthe 25th International Conference
Editors: R. Friedrich aud A. Wunderlin
on the Physics of Semiconductors
70 Computational Approaches Editors: N. Miura, T. Ando
in Condensed-Matter Physics 88 Starburst Galaxies: Near and Far
Editors: S.Miyashita,M.lmada, and H.Takayama Editors: L. Tacconi, D. Lutz
Volumes 1-49 are listed at the end of the book
L.Tacconi D.Lutz (Eds.)
Starburst Galaxies:
Near andFar
Proceedings of a Workshop
Held at Ringberg Castle, Germany,
10-15 September 2000
With 141 Figures and 12 rabIes
Springer
Dr. Unda Tacconi
Dr. Dieter Lutz
Max-Planck-Institut ftir extraterrestrische Physik
Postfach 1312
85741 Garching
Germany
Cover picture: M 82 (NGC 3034) FOCAS (B, V, Ha)
The image was obtained by the Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
© 2000 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, aiI rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Starburst galaxies, near and far: proceedings of a workshop, held at Ringberg Castle, Germany, 10-15 September 2000 I
Dieter Lutz, Linda Tacconi, eds. p. cm. -
(Springer proceedings in physics, ISSN 0930-8989; v. 88) Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-3-642-62562-6 ISBN 978-3-642-56538-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-56538-0
1. Starbursts-Congresses. 2. Stars-Formation-Congresses. L Tacconi, Linda, 1959-1I. Lutz, Dieter, 1960-IIL Series.
QB806.5 .S68 2001 523.8'8-dc21 2001020857
ISSN 0930-8989
ISBN 978-3-642-62562-6
This work is subjectto copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole orpart ofthe material is concerned, specifically
the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of ilIustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any
other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions
ofthe German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained
from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
http://www.springer.de
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 2001
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
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Preface
Studies of star formation at high redshift have produced an astonishing number
of results over recent years that were only possible with the latest generation of
large ground-based and space telescopes. In trying to decide how to highlight all
of these in a conference, the organizers decided that it would be most informative
to present the wealth of high redshift results in the context of the much firmer
foundation of star formation in the local universe. The Scientific Organizing
Committee decided to concentrate on the properties of the most extreme star
formation environments, those of starb urst galaxies, and bring together scientists
studying the starburst phenomenon at all redshifts and size scales.
With these goals in mind, we held the workshop "Starburst Galaxies: Near
and Far" during 10-15 September 2000. The venue for the workshop was Ring
berg Castle, located near Tegernsee in the alpine foothills of Bavaria, Germany.
Nearly 70 astronomers from universities, observatories, and research institutes
from all over the world were in attendance. The Max-Planck-Institut fUr ex
traterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching, near Munich, Germany sponsored the
conference.
The Scientific Organizing Committee wanted to take advantage of the inti
mate atmosphere of the Schlog Ringberg as much as possible, to foster spirited
discussion amongst the diverse group of participants. We allocated large amounts
of time for discussion periods, poster viewing and coffee breaks, and tried to keep
the program as interactive as possible. Each scientific session consisted of several
talks concluded by a discussion period that was led by a designated discussion
leader. The discussion leader introduced the main question or topic to be dis
cussed and then made sure that the discussion stayed lively but contained. We
then decided to summarize three of the main topics. of the meeting, namely the
universality of the initial mass function (IMF), the formation of ellipticals and
bulges, and ways of exploring the cosmic star formation history, in the form
of three 'mini-debates'. In this forum two or three review speakers introduced
each highlight topic by giving to-the-point presentations of the complementary
and/ or contrasting views. These introductions were followed by extended open
discussion periods led by a debate 'moderator', and involved the entire audience.
Finally, the debate speakers had time for a short rebuttal and summary.
There was also plenty of time for socializing with friends and colleagues
throughout the workshop. The conference opened with a buffet supper at the
castle, where participants and their guests met to catch up on old times and
VI Preface
already begin discussion. Arguably the social (or otherwise) highlight of the
week was the excursion to the picturesque village of Pertisau on the Achensee
in Austria, and the tempestuous hike into the surrounding mountains.
These proceedings hopefully provide the reader with a synopsis of the scien
tific discussions that took place during the conference week. They start with the
introductory talk by George Rieke, who poses most of the important questions
that were addressed during the week. This is followed by papers presenting re
sults and reviews on the determination of the initial mass function in the local
universe. There are then a large number of papers dealing with how star for
mation occurs in different environments, and then those describing the global
properties of starburst galaxies, both from an observational and a theoretical
perspective. The book closes with papers that place what we know about star
formation at high redshift into the context of cosmic star formation history.
The co-chairs give their warmest thanks to both the Scientific and Local
Organizing Committees, without whose help this conference would not have been
possible. We are particularly indebted to Ric Davies and Lowell Tacconi-Garman
for help with the proceedings. We wish to thank all of the participants for an
extremely productive and enjoyable conference. The workshop was made possible
through the financial support of the Max-Planck-Institut fUr extraterrestrische
Physik. We are very grateful to B. Scheiner and A. Preda for their help with
the finances. Special thanks go to A. Hormann, B. Remberger, and the rest of
the staff at Schlog Ringberg for once again happily accommodating our special
requests, flawlessly handling every detail of our stay at Ringberg, and for making
us feel like kings and queens of the castle.
Garching, Linda Tacconi
May 2001 Dieter Lutz
Contents
Part I Introduction
Starbursts Near and Far: An Overview
George H. Rieke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Part II The Initial Mass Function
The Initial Mass Function in the Galactic Center
Donald F. Figer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
The IMF of Starbursts Near and Far
Jorge Melnick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
Evidence in Favour of IMF Variations
Frank Eisenhauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24
Evidence Supporting the Universality of the IMF
Gerry Gilmore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
The Stellar Content
of Obscured Galactic Giant HII Regions
Robert D. Blum, Peter S. Conti, and Augusto Damineli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45
Part III Star Formation in Different Environments
Star Formation in the Galactic Center and Nearby Nuclei
Mark Morris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53
Star Formation in Galactic Disks
Giuseppe Gavazzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63
Nearby Dusty Starbursts
George H. Rieke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73
Starbursts, Dark Matter and Dwarf Galaxy Evolution
Gerhardt R. Meurer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81
VIn Contents
The Starburst-AGN Connection
Sylvain Veilleux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88
Finding Signatures of the Youngest Starbursts
Henry A. Kobulnicky and Kelsey E. Johnson ......................... 95
The BIGGEST Starbursts
at the HIGHEST Redshifts
Wil van Breugel, Michiel Reuland, Carlos De Breuck,
and Huub Rottgering ............................................... 101
Star Clusters in Merging Galaxies
Bradley C. Whitmore ............................................... 106
Spectroscopy of Compact Star Clusters in NGC 4038/4039
Sabine Mengel, Matthew D. Lehnert, Niranjan Thatte,
and Reinhard Genzel ............................................... 116
Near-IR Spectroscopy and Population Synthesis
of Super Star Clusters in NGC 1569
Andrea M. Gilbert, James R. Graham ................ ................ 123
The Obscured Mid-Infrared Continuum of NGC 4418:
A Dust- and Ice-Enshrouded AGN
Henrik Spoon, Jacqueline Keane, Xander Tielens, Dieter Lutz,
and Alan Moorwood ................................................ 129
Modeling Starbursts in Interacting Galaxies
Chris Mihos ....................................................... 136
Evidence for Large Stellar Disks in Elliptical Galaxies
A ndreas Burkert and Thorsten N aab ................................. 147
Starbursts in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies -
Fueling and Properties
Paul P. van der Werf. .............................................. 151
The Stellar Populations of Nearby Radiogalaxies
Itziar Aretxaga, Elena Terlevich, Roberto J. Terlevich, Garret Cotter,
and Angeles I. Diaz ............................................... 157
Part IV Star Formation and the ISM
Starbursting in Spiral Arms and ULIRGs
Nick Scoville and Maria Polletta .................................... 165
Extreme Starbursts and Molecular Clouds in Galaxies
Philip M. Solomon ................................................. 173
Contents IX
Starbursts: Triggers and Evolution
Shardha Jogee ..................................................... 182
The Genesis of Super Star Clusters
as Self-Gravitating HII Regions
Jonathan C. Tan and Christopher F. McKee .......................... 188
Part V Global Properties
Stellar Features in Integrated Starburst Spectra
as Stellar Population Diagnostics
Daniel Schaerer .................................................... 197
The Stellar Population of Nearby Starbursts
Rosa M. Gonzalez Delgado and Claus Leitherer ....................... 206
Star Formation Histories of Starbursts
Natascha M. Forster Schreiber, Michele D. Thornley, Dieter Lutz,
Reinhard Genzel, Henrik W. W. Spoon, Amiel Stemberg,
and Dietmar Kunze ................................................ 212
Chemical Evolution and Starbursts
Uta Fritze-von Alvensleben .......................................... 218
Chemical Abundances and Evolution in Nearby Starbursts
Michael A. Dopita, Lisa J. Kewley, Ralph S. Sutherland,
and Charlene A. Heisler ............................................ 225
Can We Date Starbursts?
Ariane Lanl;on .................................................... 231
Investigating ULIRGs in the Near-Infrared:
Imaging and Spectroscopy
Ric Davies, Amanda Burston, and Martin Ward ....................... 237
Post-Starburst Populations Near and Far -
The Potential of Near-IR Spectroscopy
Ariane Lanl;on and Mustapha Mouhcine .............................. 243
Optical Spectra of Dusty Starbursts
Bianca M. Poggianti ................................................ 249
The Nature of ISOCAM Galaxies
in the Hubble Deep Field South
Dimitra Rigopoulou, Alberto Franceschini, and Reinhard Genzel .......... 255
Hard X-rays from Starburst Galaxies Near and Far
Edward C. Moran .................................................. 261
X Contents
Distribution of Star Formation
Between Starbursts and Normal Galaxies
Rodger I. Thompson ............ .................................... 267
How to Correct for Dust Absorption in Starbursts
Gerhardt R. Meurer and Mark Seibert ................................ 272
HST Ultraviolet Spectra of Nearby Starbursts:
Benchmarks for High Redshift Galaxies
Christy Tremonti, Claus Leitherer, Daniela Calzetti, and Tim Heckman ... 278
Part VI Cosmic Star Formation History
Deep NICMOS/HST and Radio 1.4 GHz Observations
of Galaxies at High Redshifts
Lin Yan .......................................................... 287
Star Forming Galaxies at z 2: 2
Alan Moorwood, Paul P.van der WerJ, Jean Gabriel Cuby,
and Tino Oliva .................................................... 293
Identification of ISOPHOT Deep Field Sources
David B. Sanders, Sylvain Veilleux, Min Yun, Lennox L. Cowie,
Kimiaki Kawara, Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Shinki Oyabu, Takashi Murayama,
and Haruyuki Okuda ............................................... 297
The History of Starburst Galaxies
Andrew W. Blain .................................................. 303
Radio Observations of High Redshift Star Forming Galaxies
Chris L. Carilli ... ................................................. 309
The Cosmic Star-Formation History: The UV Finds Most
Kurt Adelberger .................................................... 318
The Cosmic Star-Formation History:
The Far-IR and Sub-mm View
Alberto Franceschini ............................................... 328
