Standardization in Smart Grids: Introduction to IT-Related Methodologies, Architectures and Standards

262 Pages·2013·9.394 MB·English

by  Mathias Uslar, Michael Specht, Christian Dänekas, Jörn Trefke, Sebastian Rohjans, José M. González, Christine Rosinger, Robert Bleiker (auth.)

Power Systems
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/4622
Mathias Uslar, Michael Specht, Christian Dänekas,
Jörn Trefke, Sebastian Rohjans, José M. González,
Christine Rosinger, and Robert Bleiker
Standardization
in Smart Grids
Introduction to IT-Related Methodologies,
Architectures and Standards
ABC
Authors
Dr.-Ing.MathiasUslar Dipl.-Inform.SebastianRohjans
OFFIS−InstitutfürInformatik OFFIS−InstitutfürInformatik
Oldenburg Oldenburg
Germany Germany
Dipl.-Inform.(FH)MichaelSpecht Dipl.-Wirt.Inform.JoséM.González
OFFIS−InstitutfürInformatik OFFIS−InstitutfürInformatik
Oldenburg Oldenburg
Germany Germany
Dipl.-Inform.ChristianDänekas Dipl.-Inform.ChristineRosinger
OFFIS−InstitutfürInformatik OFFIS−InstitutfürInformatik
Oldenburg Oldenburg
Germany Germany
Dipl.-Inform.JörnTrefke Dipl.-Inform.RobertBleiker
OFFIS−InstitutfürInformatik OFFIS−InstitutfürInformatik
Oldenburg Oldenburg
Germany Germany
ISSN1612-1287 e-ISSN1860-4676
ISBN978-3-642-34915-7 e-ISBN978-3-642-34916-4
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-34916-4
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012952596
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013
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”Anysufficientlyadvanced technologyis
indistinguishablefrommagic.”
ArthurC. Clarke
Foreword
CopingwiththefutureofelectricenergysupplyforEuropeisoneofthekeygoals
of the 20-20-20targets defined by the European Commission. To reach these tar-
gets, it is mandatory to transform the existing power infrastructure into a smart,
decentralized,resource-efficient,emission-efficient,yetstilldependableandafford-
ablesystem-of-systems.Thisisalargechallengethattheutilities,vendors,regula-
tors and, of course, customers have to deal with. In this context, the development
of the Smart Grid has become a central point of attention. The European Com-
mission has viewed the evolution towards the smart grid as a very complex and
multi-facettedtransformationprocessand,atanearlystage,hasestablishedastruc-
ture to address this. The European Technology Platform for Electricity Networks
oftheFuture,alsocalledSmartGridsETP,isthekeyEuropeanforumforthecrys-
tallization of policy, technology and research and development pathways for the
smart grids sector, as well as the link with other EU related initiatives. In a com-
plexsmartgrid,thevaluechainrangesfromgenerationto appliances.Besidesthe
regulatoryandmarketaspects,thetechnicallevelhastodealwithknowledgefrom
differentsectors,multipledisciplinesandissuesoftechnicalsystemintegrationand
interoperability.These questions are typically addressed and resolved by the defi-
nitionandusageof(technical)standardsforprocesses,datamodels,functionsand
communication links. Standardization is a key issue for smart grids and the stan-
dardslandscapeis obviouslyvery largeand complex.This is whythe three Euro-
peanStandardsOrganisationsETSI,CENandCENELEChavefirstcreatedaJoint
Working Group (JWG which was the first harmonized effort in Europe to bring
together the needed disciplines and experts). The JWG produced in May 2011, a
reportthatoutlinesEurope’sstandardizationviewsintheareaofsmartgrids,taking
dueaccountofexistingglobalactivities.BasedinparticularontheJWGresults,the
EuropeanCommissionhasissuedtheM/490StandardizationMandatetowardsthe
European Standardisation Organisations(ESOs) to support the deploymentof the
EuropeanSmartGrid.ThefocalpointfortheESO’sresponsetoM/490istheCEN,
CENELECandETSISmartGridsCo-ordinationGroup(SG-CG).Themainroleof
theSG-CGistodefineamodernapproachtostandardizationthatwillguaranteethat
theEUSmartGridstandardizationwillbeundertakeninacoherentmanneroverthe
VIII Foreword
nextyearsintheappropriatetechnicalcommittees.Theapproachtakeniscentered
around- first - the developmentof a consistent methodologyfor the development
ofusecases,referencearchitectures,communicationtechnologies,datamodelsand
informationsecuritymodels;and-second-theselectionoftheappropriateexisting
standardsandtheidentificationofnewoneswhosedevelopmentbythestandardiza-
tioncommunityisrequired.Thisbookprovidesanoverviewonthevariousbuilding
blocks and standards identified as the most prominent ones in the JWG report as
wellasbytheSG-CGgroups.ItalsointroducestheSmartGridArchitectureModel
(SGAM)forutilities,aswellasfuturestandardsformarketcommunications,elec-
tricvehiclesandfutureindustrialautomation.Astheconvenerofthe SG-CGRef-
erence Architecture Working Group, I welcome the initiative to come up with a
textbook providing meaningful introductions into the various standards for smart
gridarisingfromtherecommendationsoftheM/490mandate.Iamconfidentthat
thistextbookwillbethebestpossibleintroductiontoreaderswantingasoundand
clearaccesstoaveryinteresting,yetverycomplex,topic.
Sophia-Antipolis,September2012 EmmanuelDarmois,
ConveneroftheM/490ReferenceArchitectureWorkGroup,
Alcatel-Lucent
Foreword
During the first InternationalConference on the Integrationof Renewable Energy
SourcesandDistributedEnergyResourcesheldinDecember2004,industrialstake-
holdersandtheresearchcommunitysuggestedthecreationofanEuropeanTechnol-
ogyPlatformfortheElectricityNetworksoftheFuture.InApril2006,theAdvisory
CouncilofthisEuropeanTechnologyPlatformpresenteditssocalledVisiondocu-
mentforSmartGrids.TheVision,forbothtransmissionanddistributionnetworks,
isdrivenbythecombinedeffectsofmarketliberalization,thechangeingeneration
technologies to meet environmental targets and the future uses of electricity. To-
getherwiththeStrategicResearchAgenda,publishedin2007,itdescribedthemain
areas to be investigated,technicaland non-technical,in the short-mediumterm in
Europe.Sincethen,thesedocumentshaveinspiredseveralResearchandDevelop-
mentprogramswithintheEUandNationalinstitutions.Oneparticularaspectwhich
hasbeenidentifiedbythevariousdemoprojectsfundedbythecommissionis,be-
sides the highly important market and regulation aspects, the aspect of technical
interoperability and standardization. In March 2011, this issue was addressed by
givingtheM/490mandatetotherelevantEuropeanStandardizationOrganizations
(ESOs).
Theobjectiveofthismandateistodeveloporupdateasetofconsistentstandards
within a commonEuropeanframework.As well as integratinga varietyof digital
computingandcommunicationtechnologiesandelectricalarchitectures,associated
processes,andservices,thatwillachieveinteroperabilityandwillenableorfacilitate
the implementation in Europe of the different high level Smart Grid services and
functionalitiesas defined by the Smart Grid Task Force, which should be flexible
enoughto accommodatefuturedevelopments.Building,Industry,Appliances,and
Home Automation are out of the scope of this mandate; however,their interfaces
withtheSmartGridandrelatedserviceshavetobetreatedunderthismandate.
Withinthisbook,theauthorsrefertothoseaforementionedgoalsfromtheexcel-
lentSmartGridCoordinationGroupreports.Withinthemandate,usecasesforthe
EuropeanSmartGridwerecollectedandharmonizedbytheSustainableProcesses
(SP) Group according to the IEC PAS 62559 methodology. The first set of stan-
dards(FSS) groupcreated,based onpreviousjointworkinggroup(JWG) work,a
X Foreword
meaningfullistofcorestandardsfortheSmartGrid.Thetwomostprominentones,
CIM and IEC61850,amongothers, are introducedin this book.Additionally,the
SGIS’sworkonsecurityforSmartGridisreflectedinthechapterdealingwiththe
most important Smart Grid security aspects. The Smart Grid Architecture Model
(SGAM),oneofthecoreaspectsformtheReferenceArchitectureWorkingGroup
anditsoriginsandapplicationsisdescribedinthreechaptersofthiswork.Inaddi-
tion,linkstoothermandateslikeM/468onElectricVehiclesandfutureapplications
likecertification,testingforstandards,possiblemarketcommunicationprofilesand
automationstandardslikeOPCUAarediscussed.
Theauthorsprovideanintroductorytextbookonthevariousaspectsofhowto
dealwiththefutureandexistingSmartGridcommunicationstandards.Ihopealot
ofreaderswillbenefitfromthismaterialandde-mystifycertaintechnicalaspectson
howto achievethe goalofa sustainableandcost-efficientSmartGridforEurope.
Allthebesttothisfirstedition.
Essen,September2012 ThomasTheisen,
HeadofNewTechnology
RWEDeutschlandAG
Preface
One of the predominanttopics in the domain of the emerging Smart Grid can be
seen in standardization. With the combination of existing protection and automa-
tion technology with upcoming ICT-based solutions, different interoperability is-
suesarise when technologieshaveto becombinedin the infrastructure.Standards
haveproventobeoneofthemoststrikingsolutionstoactuallycopewiththistopic.
Since 2008,this topichasgainedmuchattentioninvariouspoliticalandtechnical
agendas.
At OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology, we started working on the
very topic in 2004.In 2009, the group“Interoperabilityand Standardization”was
founded as one part of the R&D Division “Energy”. The focus of the work is on
themeaningfulapplicationofsoftwareengineeringandinteroperabilityresearchfor
theutility domain,mainlyutilizingandextendingsmartgridstandards.Thisbook
providesanoverviewonourportfolioofthevariousresearchtrendsandstandards
applied.TheindividualchaptersprovideshortoverviewsandemergingSmartGrid
standards as well as derived methodologies, which can be applied to Smart Grid
development.
Focal topics are the application of the IEC 62559 IntelliGrid methodology for
use case management, the use of the SGAM for the EU mandate M/490 and the
mostimportantIEC standardsCIM andIEC 61850.In addition,futuretrendsand
emergingstandardsareintroduced.Theeditorsandauthorshopethatthisbookwill
proveusefulasbothanaintroductorytextbookforpeopletryingtogetfirsthandand
condensedknowledgeon Smart Grid standardizationwith a focus on ICT as well
astohavea referencetextbookdealingwiththevariousstandardstobeappliedin
SmartGrids.
Oldenburg,September2012 TheAuthors
Acknowledgements
Theauthorswouldliketothankallthepartnerswhohavecontributedtothisbook
throughfeedbackon thetrainingsgivenbytrainersfromOFFIS. Withoutthis, we
wouldnothavehadtheopportunitytowritethistextbookcomingupwiththeessen-
tialsonSmartGridstandardizationfromacommunicationperspective.Inaddition,
the work carried outin the mandate M/490 to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI makes for a
meaningfulstep forwardinSmartGridstandardization.Thisbookhopestoreflect
theideasofthepreliminaryaswellasthefinalreportsandwantstothankthenu-
merous,mostofthetimeunnamedauthorsandexpertsoftheworkpackagesinthe
reports.