Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing (33rd Edition) and AASHTO Provisional Standards, 2013 Edition

4237 Pages·2013·355.38 MB·English

Standard Specification for
Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic
Cement Concrete
AASHTO Designation: M 6-13
1. SCOPE
1.1. This specification covers the quality and grading of fine aggregate for hydraulic cement concrete
used in pavements or bases, highway bridges, and incidental structures.
1.2. This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or other purchaser as part of the
purchase document describing the material to be furnished.
Note 1—This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory materials for most
concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less
restrictive than needed. For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits may
be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete surface. The specifier should
ascertain that aggregates specified are or can be made available in the area of the work, with
regard to grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof.
Note 2—Definitions of terms used in this specification may be found in ASTM C 125.
1.3. This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the quality of aggregate, the
nominal maximum size of the aggregate, and other specific grading requirements. Those
responsible for selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the responsibility of
determining the proportions of fine and coarse aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate
sizes if required or approved. Specifications for coarse aggregate are provided in M 80.
1.4. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
are for information only.
1.5. The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material.
These notes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of
this standard.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1. AASHTO Standards:
 M 80, Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete
 PP 65, Determining the Reactivity of Concrete Aggregates and Selecting Appropriate
Measures for Preventing Deleterious Expansion in New Concrete Construction
 T 2, Sampling of Aggregates
 T 11, Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
 T 21, Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete
 T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
 T 71, Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar
 T 103, Soundness of Aggregates by Freezing and Thawing
TS-1c M 6-1 AASHTO
© 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
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 T 104, Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
 T 112, Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate
 T 113, Lightweight Pieces in Aggregate
 T 161, Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
2.2. ASTM Standards:
 C 125, Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
 STP 169D, Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials
3. ORDERING INFORMATION
3.1. The purchaser shall include the following information in the purchase order or contract
when applicable:
3.1.1. Reference to this specification, M 6, and year of issue;
3.1.2. Whether the deleterious substances limits for Class A or Class B apply, and limits on other
deleterious substances (Section 7.1 and Note 6);
3.1.3. If the sulfate soundness requirement is waived (Section 8.5);
3.1.4. In the case of the sulfate soundness test (Section 8.1), which salt is to be used; if none is stated,
either sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate may be used;
3.1.5. If additional requirements are necessary for addressing reactive aggregates (Section 7.3); and
3.1.6. Any exceptions or additions to this specification.
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1. Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand or manufactured sand or combinations thereof, having
hard, strong, durable particles.
4.2. Fine aggregate from different sources of supply shall not be mixed or stored in the same pile.
5. GRADING
5.1. Fine aggregate, when tested by means of laboratory sieves, shall conform to the requirements of
Table 1, except as provided in Sections 5.2 and 5.3:
Table 1—Grading Requirements
Mass,
Sieve Percent Passing
9.5 mm (3/ in.) 100
8
4.75 mm (No. 4) 95 to 100
2.36 mm (No. 8) 80 to 100
1.18 mm (No. 16) 50 to 85
600 μm (No. 30) 25 to 60
300 μm (No. 50) 10 to 30
150 μm (No. 100) 2 to 10

TS-1c M 6-2 AASHTO
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5.2. The minimum percent shown above for material passing the 300-µm (No. 50) and 150-µm
(No. 100) sieves may be reduced to 5 and 0, respectively, if the aggregate is to be used in air-
entrained concrete containing more than 237 kilograms of cement per cubic meter (400 lb/yd3)
or in non-air-entrained concrete containing more than 297 kilograms of cement per cubic meter
(500 lb/yd3) or if an approved mineral admixture is used to supply the deficiency in percent
passing these sieves. Air-entrained concrete is here considered to be concrete containing air-
entraining cement or an air-entraining agent and having an air content equal to or greater than
3.5 percent.
5.3. The fine aggregate shall have no more than 45 percent passing any sieve and retained on the next
consecutive sieve of those shown in Section 5.1, and its fineness modulus shall be no less than 2.3
nor more than 3.1.
5.4. Fine aggregate failing to meet the sieve analysis and fineness modulus requirements of
Sections 5.1, 5.2, or 5.3, may be accepted provided that concrete made with similar fine aggregate
from the same source has an acceptable performance record in similar concrete construction; or, in
the absence of a demonstrable service record, provided that it is demonstrated that concrete of the
class specified, made with the fine aggregate under consideration, will have relevant properties at
least equal to those of concrete made with the same ingredients with the exception that a reference
fine aggregate be used that is selected from a source having an acceptable performance record in
similar concrete construction.
Note 3—Fine aggregate that conforms to the grading requirements of a specification, prepared
by another organization such as a state transportation agency, which is in general use in the area,
should be considered as having a satisfactory service record with regard to those concrete
properties affected by grading.
Note 4—Relevant properties are those properties of the concrete, which are important to
the particular application being considered. STP 169D provides a discussion of important
concrete properties.
6. UNIFORMITY OF GRADING
6.1. For continuing shipments of fine aggregate from a given source, the fineness modulus shall not
vary more than 0.20 from the base fineness modulus. The base fineness modulus shall be that
value that is typical of the source. If necessary, the base fineness modulus may be changed when
approved by the purchaser.
Note 5—The base fineness modulus should be determined from previous tests, or if no previous
tests exist, from the average of the fineness modulus values for the first 10 samples (or all
preceding samples if less than 10) on the order. The proportioning of a concrete mixture may be
dependent on the base fineness modulus of the fine aggregate to be used. Therefore, when it
appears that the base fineness modulus is considerably different from the value used in selecting
proportions for the concrete mixture, a suitable adjustment in the mixture may be necessary.
7. DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES
7.1. The amount of deleterious substances shall not exceed the following limits: (See Table 2.)

TS-1c M 6-3 AASHTO
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Table 2—Deleterious Substances Limits
Class A,
Max Mass, Class B,
percent Max Mass, percent
Clay lumps and friable particles 3.0 3.0
Coal and lignite 0.25 1.0
Material finer than 75-μm (No. 200) sieve:
a. In concrete subject to surface abrasion
not more than 2.0 4.0
b. All other classes of concrete, not more
than 3.0 5.0
Other deleterious substances (such as shale,
alkali, mica, coated grains, and soft and
flaky particles) Note 6 Note 6

Note 6—The purchaser or specifier, due to knowledge of the requirements of the work and the
constituents of locally available aggregate, should insert appropriate requirements when needed.
7.2. Organic Impurities:
7.2.1. Fine aggregate shall be free of injurious amounts of organic impurities. Except as herein provided,
aggregates subjected to the test for organic impurities and producing a color darker than the
standard shall be rejected.
7.2.2. A fine aggregate failing in the test may be used, provided that the discoloration is due principally
to the presence of small quantities of coal, lignite, or similar discrete particles.
7.2.3. A fine aggregate failing in the test may be used, provided that, when tested for the effect of
organic impurities on strength of mortar, the relative strength at 7 days calculated in accordance
with T 71 is not less than 95 percent.
7.3. Fine aggregate used in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure to humid
atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any components that are known to be
reactive with soluble alkalies from the concrete paste in an amount sufficient to cause deleterious
expansion of mortar or concrete, without the accompanying use of some form of remediation in
the concrete that is known to prevent deleterious expansion due to alkali-silica reactivity (ASR).
Refer to the procedures described in PP 65 for identifying potentially deleteriously reactive
aggregates and selecting appropriate preventive measures to minimize the risk of expansion when
such aggregates are used in concrete.
8. SOUNDNESS
8.1. Except as provided in Sections 8.2 through 8.5, fine aggregate subjected to five cycles of the
soundness test shall have a weighted average loss not greater than 10 percent when sodium sulfate
is used or 15 percent when magnesium sulfate is used.
8.2. Fine aggregate failing to meet the requirements of Section 8.1 may be accepted, provided that
concrete of comparable properties, made from similar aggregate from the same source, has given
satisfactory service when exposed to weathering similar to that to be encountered.
8.3. Fine aggregate not having a demonstrable service record and failing to meet the requirements of
Section 8.1 may be accepted, provided it gives satisfactory results in concrete subjected to freezing
and thawing tests. (See T 161.)
TS-1c M 6-4 AASHTO
© 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
8.4. Fine aggregate failing to meet the requirements given in Section 8.1 may, at the option of the
purchaser or specifier, be subjected to an alternate freezing and thawing test of unconfined
aggregate and may be accepted provided it gives satisfactory results.
Note 7—The purchaser or specifier should determine the details of the evaluation and criteria for
determining satisfactory performance in Sections 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4.
8.5. The requirements for soundness given in Section 8.1 may be waived in the case of aggregate for
use in structures or portions of structures not exposed to weathering.
9. METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING
9.1. Sampling and testing of fine aggregate shall be in accordance with the following methods of the
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:
9.1.1. Sampling—T 2;
9.1.2. Sieve Analysis and Fineness Modulus—T 27;
9.1.3. Clay Lumps and Friable Particles—T 112;
9.1.4. Lightweight Pieces in Aggregate—T 113, using a liquid of 2.0 specific gravity to remove the
particles of coal and lignite; only material that is brownish-black, or black, shall be considered
coal or lignite; coke shall not be classed as coal or lignite.
9.1.5. Materials Finer than 75 µm (No. 200)—T 11;
9.1.6. Organic Impurities—T 21;
9.1.7. Effect of Organic Impurities on Strength—T 71;
9.1.8. Sulfate Soundness—T 104;
9.1.9. Soundness (Unconfined Freezing and Thawing)—T 103; and
9.1.10. Freezing and Thawing of Concrete—T 161.

TS-1c M 6-5 AASHTO
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Standard Specification for
Mineral Filler for Bituminous
Paving Mixtures
AASHTO Designation: M 17-11
ASTM Designation: D 242/D 242M-09

AASHTO M 17-11 is identical to ASTM D 242/D 242M-09 except for the following provisions:
1. All references to the ASTM standards contained in ASTM D 242/D 242M-09, listed in the
following table, shall be replaced with the corresponding AASHTO standard:
Referenced Standards
ASTM AASHTO
C 183 T 127
D 546 T 37
D 4318 T 90

2. Add a new Section 4.3 after Section 4.2 that contains the following:
Fly ash used as a mineral filler shall have a maximum loss on ignition of 12 percent.
3. Add a new Section 5.5 after Section 5.4 that contains the following:
Determine the loss on ignition of fly ash according to ASTM C 311.
TS-2c M 17-1 AASHTO
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Standard Specification for
Fine Aggregate for Bituminous
Paving Mixtures
AASHTO Designation: M 29-12
ASTM Designation: D 1073-11
1. SCOPE
1.1. This specification covers fine aggregate for use in bituminous paving mixtures.
1.2. This specification is intended to describe material from a single supplier. When material from two
or more suppliers is to be blended to produce a grading to meet requirements as described in a
specification for bituminous paving mixtures, the grading requirements of Table 1 of this
specification need not apply.

Table 1—Grading Requirements for Fine Aggregates
Amounts Finer Than Each Laboratory Sieve
(Square Openings), Mass, %
Sieve Size Grading No. 1 Grading No. 2 Grading No. 3 Grading No. 4 Grading No. 5
9.5 mm (3/ in.) 100 — — 100 100
8
4.75 mm (No. 4) 95 to 100 100 100 80 to 100 80 to 100
2.36 mm (No. 8) 70 to 100 75 to 100 95 to 100 65 to 100 65 to 100
1.18 mm (No. 16) 40 to 80 50 to 74 85 to 100 40 to 80 40 to 80
600 μm (No. 30) 20 to 65 28 to 52 65 to 90 20 to 65 20 to 65
300 μm (No. 50) 7 to 40 8 to 30 30 to 60 7 to 40 7 to 46
150 μm (No. 100) 2 to 20 0 to 12 5 to 25 2 to 20 2 to 30
75 μm (No. 200) 0 to 10 0 to 5.0 0 to 5.0 0 to 10 —

1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units, shown in
parentheses, are for information only.
Note 1—When obtaining materials from two or more suppliers that do not meet the gradings in
Table 1 and that are to be blended, it is recommended that the specifying or the ordering agency
specify the alternative gradings to be supplied.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1. AASHTO Standards:
 M 92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes
 T 2, Sampling of Aggregates
 T 11, Materials Finer Than 75-µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
 T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
 T 84, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate

TS-1c M 29-1 AASHTO
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 T 89, Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils
 T 90, Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils
 T 104, Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
 TP 77, Specific Gravity and Absorption of Aggregate by Volumetric Immersion Method
2.2. ASTM Standards:
 C 125, Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
 D 3665, Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
 E 29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance
with Specifications
3. TERMINOLOGY
3.1. Definitions:
3.1.1. For definitions regarding aggregate types, see ASTM C 125.
4. ORDERING INFORMATION
4.1. Orders for material under this specification shall include the following:
4.1.1. Reference to this specification, M 29, and year of issue;
4.1.2. Grading (Section 6.2 and Table 1), or alternate grading designated by the purchaser;
4.1.3. Supplementary requirement for sulfate soundness, if required, including salt to be used
(Section S1); and
4.1.4. Any exceptions or additions to this specification.
5. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
5.1. Fine aggregate is aggregate passing the 9.5-mm (3/ -in.) sieve and almost entirely passing the
8
4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. It shall consist of natural sand, or of sand prepared from stone, or of
crushed blast-furnace slag, or gravel, or combinations thereof. It shall consist of hard, tough
grains, free of injurious amounts of clay, loam, or other deleterious substances.
6. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1. To determine conformance to this specification, each value for grading (and sulfate soundness,
when required) shall be rounded to the nearest 1 percent, except if the percentage passing the
75-µm (No. 200) sieve is less than 10 percent, it shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 percent. Each
value for plasticity index shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 unit. Round according to the rounding
off method of ASTM E 29.
6.2. Grading—The grading of the fine aggregate shall conform to the grading in Table 1 for the
grading number specified in the order, or other grading designated by the purchaser.

TS-1c M 29-2 AASHTO
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6.3. Grading Variability Limits—For continuing shipments of fine aggregate from a given source, the
fineness modulus shall not vary more than 0.25 from the base fineness modulus. The base fineness
modulus shall be that value that is typical of the source, and shall be determined from previous
tests, or if no previous tests exist, from the average of the fineness modulus values for the first
10 samples (or all preceding samples if less than 10) on the order. If necessary, the base fineness
modulus may be changed when approved by the purchaser.
Note 2—The proportioning of a bituminous mixture may be dependent on the base fineness
modulus of the fine aggregate to be used. Therefore, when it appears that the base fineness
modulus is considerably different from the value used in the bituminous mixture, a suitable
adjustment in the mixture may be necessary.
6.4. Plasticity Index—The plasticity index of the fraction passing the 425-µm sieve (No. 40) shall not
exceed 4.0.
6.5. Specific Gravity—The specific gravity and absorption values are important aggregate properties
that may be used in proportioning and volumetric calculations for bituminous mixtures.
7. METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING
7.1. The aggregate shall be sampled and the properties enumerated in this specification shall be
determined in accordance with the following methods:
7.1.1. Sampling—T 2;
7.1.2. Random Sampling—ASTM D 3665;
7.1.3. Grading—T 27 and T 11, Procedure B;
7.1.4. Fineness Modulus—T 27;
7.1.5. Plasticity Index—T 89 and T 90; and
7.1.6. Specific Gravity—T 84 or TP 77.
8. KEYWORDS
8.1. Aggregate; bituminous paving; fine aggregate; paving mixtures.

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENT
The following supplementary requirement shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
contract or order.
S1. SULFATE SOUNDNESS
S1.1 The fine aggregate, when subjected to five cycles of the soundness test according to T 104, shall
have a weighted loss of not more than 15 percent when sodium sulfate is used or 20 percent when
magnesium sulfate is used. A purchaser or agency may specify different requirements for
soundness. If the salt to be used is not stated by the purchaser, the fine aggregate shall be
acceptable if it meets the requirements when tested with either salt.
TS-1c M 29-3 AASHTO
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All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.
Standard Specification for
Sizes of Aggregate for Road
and Bridge Construction
1
AASHTO Designation: M 43-05 (2009)
ASTM Designation: D 448-08
1. SCOPE
1.1. This specification defines aggregate size designations and ranges in mechanical analyses for
standard sizes of coarse aggregate and screenings for use in the construction and maintenance of
various types of highways and bridges.
1.2. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1. AASHTO Standards:
 M 92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes
 T 2, Sampling of Aggregates
 T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1. Some contract documents specify certain aggregate sizes for specific uses or may suggest one or
more of these sizes as appropriate for the preparation of various end-product mixtures. In some
cases, closer limits on variability of the aggregate grading are required.
4. MANUFACTURE
4.1. The standard sizes of aggregate described in this classification are manufactured by means of any
suitable process used to separate raw material into the desired size ranges. Production of standard
sizes by blending two or more different components is also permitted.
5. STANDARD SIZES
5.1. Standard sizes of coarse aggregate shall comply with the sizes given in Table 1. All sizes shall be
determined by means of laboratory sieves having square openings and conforming to M 92.
6. BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION
6.1. Classification is based upon the size number and size ranges shown in Table 1 with the aggregate
sampled in accordance with T 2 and tested for grading by T 27.
TS-1c M 43-1 AASHTO
© 2013 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.