Table Of ContentTHE STANDARD EDITION
OF THE COMPLETE PSYCHOLOGICAL WORKS OF
SIGMUND FREUD
Translatedftom the German under the General Editorship of
JAMES STRACHEY
In Collaboration with
ANNA FREUD
Assisted by
ALIX STRACHEY and ALAN TYSON
VOLUME XIV
(1914-1916)
On the History of the Psycho-Analytic
Movement
Papers on Metapsychology
and
Other Works
LONDON
THE HOGARTH PRESS
AND THE INSTITUTE OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS
PUBLISHED BY
THE HOGARTH PRESS LIMITED
...
OLARKE, IRWIN AND 00. LTD.
TORONTO
This Editionfirst Published in
1957
Reprinted 1962,1964,1968,1971,1973,1975,1978 and 1981
7
I!BN 0 70I~ 0067
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TRANSLATION AND EDITORIAL MATTER
@) THE INSTITUTE OF PSYOHO-ANALYSIS
AND ANGELA RIOHARDS 1957
PRINTED AND BOUND IN GREAT BRITAIN
BY BUTLER AND TANNER LTD., FROME
CONTENTS
VOLUME FOURTEEN
ON THE HISTORY OF THE PSYCHO-ANALYTIC
MOVEMENT
(1914)
Editor's Note page 3
On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement 7
ON NARCISSISM: AN INTRODUCTION (1914) 67
Editor's Note 69
On Narcissism: an Introduction 73
PAPERS ON METAPSYCHOLOGY
[1915]
Editor's Introduction 105
INSTINCTS AND THEIR VICISSITUDES (1915) 109
Editor's Note 111
Instincts and their Vicissitudes 117
REPRESSION (1915) 141
Editor's Note 143
Repression 146
THE UNCONSCIOUS (1915) 159
Editor's Note 161
I Justification for the Concept of the Unconscious 166
II Various Meanings of 'The Unconscious'-the Topo-
graphical Point of View 172
III Unconscious Emotions 177
IV Topography and Dynamics of Repression 180
V The Special Characteristics of the System Ucs. 186
VI Communication between the Two Systems 190
v
vi CONTENTS
VII Assessment of the Unconscious page 196
Appendix A: Freud and Ewald Hering 205
Appendix B: Psycho-Physical Parallelism 206
Appendix C: Words and. Things 209
A METAPSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE
THEORY OF DREAMS (1917 [1915]) 217
Editor's Note 219
A Metapsychological Supplement to the Theory of Dreams 222
MOURNING AND MELANCHOLIA (1917 [1915]) 237
Editor's Note 239
Mourning and Melancholia 243
APPENDIX: List of'Writings by Freud Dealing Mainly with
General Psychological Theory 259
A CASE OF PARANOIA RUNNING COUNTER TO
THE PSYCHO-ANALYTIC THEORY OF THE
DISEASE (1915) 261
THOUGHTS FOR THE TIMES ON WAR AND DEATH
(1915) 273
(I) The Disillusionment of the War 275
(II) Our Attitude towards Death 289
Appendix: Letter to Dr. Frederik van Eeden 301
ON TRANSIENCE (1916 [19.15]) 303
SOME CHARACTER-TYPES MET WITH IN PSYCHO-
ANALYTIC WORK (1916) 309
(I) The 'Exceptions' 311
(II) Those Wrecked by Success 316
(III) Criminals from a Sense of Guilt 332
CONTENTS
Vll
SHORTER WRITINGS (1915-1916)
A Mythological Parallel to a Visual Obsession pag,337
A Connection between a Symbol and a Symptom 339
Letter to Dr. Hermine von Hug-Hellmuth 341
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND AUTHOR INDEX 343
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 357
GENERAL INDEX 359
FRONTISPIECE Sigmund Freud with a Group of his
Closest Supporters
By permission qf Sigmund F"ud Copyrights
ON THE HISTORY OF THE PSYCHO
ANALYTIC MOVEMENT
(1914)
EDITOR'S NOTE
ZUR GESCHICHTE DER
PSYCHOANALY TISCHEN BEWEGUNG
(a) GERMAN EDITIONS:
1914 Jb. Psychoan., 6, 207-260.
1918 S.K.S.N., 4, 1-77. (1922, 2nd ed.)
1924 G.S., 4, 411-480.
1924 Leipzig, Vienna and Zurich: InternatioJ;laler Psycho
analy~scher Verlag; Pp. 72.
1946 G.W., 10,44-113.
(b) ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS:
'The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement'
1916 Psychoan. Rev., 3, 406-454,. (Tr. A. A. Brill.)
1917 New York: Nervous & Mental Disease Publishing Co.
(Monograph Series No. 25). Pp. 58. (Same translator.)
1938 In The Basic Writings oj Sigmund Freud. New York.
Modern Library. Pp. 933-977. (Same translator.)
'On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement'
1924 C.P., 1,287-359. (Tr. Joan Riviere.)
The present translation is a modified version of the one pub
lished in 1924.
In the German editions before 1924 the date 'February, 1914'
appears at the end of the work. It seems in fact to have been
written in January and February of that year. A few alterations
of a minor character were made in the 1924 edition and the long
footnote on pp. 33-4 was added. This has not hitherto appeared
in English.
A full account of the situation which led to the writing of this
work is given in Chapter V of the second volume of Ernest
Jones's Freud biography (1955, 142 fr.). Here it is enough to
3
4 THE PSYCHO-ANALYTIC MOVEMENT
summarize the position very shortly. Adler's disagreements with
the views of Freud had come to a head in 1910, andJu ng's some
three years later. In spite of the divergences which separated
them from Freud, they had both long persisted, however, in
describing their theories as 'psycho-analysis'. The aim of the
present paper was to state clearly the fundamental postulates
and hypotheses of psycho-analysis, to show that the theories of
Adler and Jung were totally incompatible with them, and to
draw the inference that it would lead to nothing but general
confusion if these contradictory sets of views were all given the
same name. And although for many years popular opinion con
tinued to insist that there were 'three schools of psycho-analysis',
Freud's argument eventually prevailed. Adler had already
chosen the name of 'Individual Psychology' for his theories, and
soon afterwards Jung adopted that of 'Analytical Psychology'
for his.
In order to make the essential principles of psycho-analysis
perfectly plain. Freud traced the history of their development
from their pre-analytic begin"nings. The first section of the paper
covers the period during which he himself was the only person
concerned-that is, up till about 1902. The second section takes
the story on till about 191O-the time during which psycho
analytic views first began to extend to wider circles. It is only
in the third section that Freud comes to a discussion of the
dissident views, first of Adler and th~n of Jung, and points out
the fundamental respects in which they depart from the find
ings of psycho-analysis. In this last section, and also to some
extent in the rest of the paper, we find Freud adopting a far
more belligerent tone than in any of his other writings. And in
view of his experiences during the preceding three or four years,
this unusual mood cannot be considered surprising.
Discussions of the views of Adler and Jung will be found in
two other works of Freud contemporary with the present one.
In the paper on 'Narcissism (19l4c), which was being com
posed at almost exactly the same time as the 'History', some
paragraphs of controversy with Jung appear at the end of
Section I (p. 79 if. below) and a similar passage about Adler at
the beginning of Section III (p. 92). The case history of the
'Wolf Man' (1918b), which was written in the main at the end
of 1914 though only published (with two additional passages)
in 1918, was largely designed as an empirical refutation of
EDITOR'S NOTE 5
Adler and Jung, and contains many attacks on their theories.
In Freud's later works there are a number of scattered refer
ences to these controversies (chiefly in expository or semi-auto
biographical writings), but these are always in a drier tone and
never very extensive. Special mention must, however, be made
of a closely reasoned discussion of Adler's views on the motive
forces leading to repression in the final section of Freud's paper
on beating-phantasies (191ge), Standard Ed., 17, 201 ff.
As regards the purely historical and autobiographical por
tions of the work, it must be remarked that Freud went over
more or less the same ground in his Autobiographical Study (1925d)
though it supplements the present paper at some points. For
a very much fuller treatment of the subject the reader must,
of course, be referred to Ernest Jones's three-volume biography
of Freud. No attempt has been made in the footnotes to the
present translation to go over the same ground as is covered in
that work.
