Table Of ContentSTANDARD
AND INNOVATIVE
STRATEGIES IN COGNITIVE
BEHAVIOR THERAPY
Edited by
Irismar Reis de Oliveira
STANDARD
AND INNOVATIVE
STRATEGIES IN COGNITIVE
BEHAVIOR THERAPY
Edited by Irismar Reis de Oliveira
Standard and Innovative Strategies in Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Edited by Irismar Reis de Oliveira
Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Publishing Process Manager Niksa Mandic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team
First published March, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]
Standard and Innovative Strategies in Cognitive Behavior Therapy,
Edited by Irismar Reis de Oliveira
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0312-7
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations 1
Chapter 1 Assessing and Restructuring Dysfunctional Cognitions 3
Irismar Reis de Oliveira
Chapter 2 Modification of Core Beliefs in Cognitive Therapy 17
Amy Wenzel
Chapter 3 Use of the Trial-Based Thought Record
to Change Negative Core Beliefs 35
Irismar Reis de Oliveira
Part 2 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy 61
Chapter 4 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression 63
Neander Abreu, Vania Bitencourt Powell and Donna Sudak
Chapter 5 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
for the Bipolar Disorder Patients 77
Mario Francisco P. Juruena
Chapter 6 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 99
Aristides V. Cordioli and Analise Vivan
Chapter 7 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
for Somatoform Disorders 117
Robert L. Woolfolk and Lesley A. Allen
Chapter 8 A Proposed Learning Model
of Body Dysmorphic Disorder 145
Fugen Neziroglu and Lauren M. Mancusi
VI Contents
Chapter 9 Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Substance Abuse 157
Bernard P. Rangé and Ana Carolina Robbe Mathias
Chapter 10 Internet Addiction and
Its Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 171
Ömer Şenormancı, Ramazan Konkan and Mehmet Zihni Sungur
Preface
To my knowledge, this is the first free-access cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) book
available to anyone who wishes to download it. Although CBT is undoubtedly the
fastest growing and the best empirically validated psychotherapeutic approach,
unfortunately, access to CBT may be limited for people living in under-developed
countries, or for those who have limited economical resources. The goal of this project
made possible by InTech is, at least in part, to close this gap, and to bring CBT to as
many mental health professionals as possible.
It is mandatory that a CBT book of this kind recognize and demonstrate gratitude to
the pioneer work of Aaron T. Beck, whose remarkable life is a model and inspiration
for those of us who have had the privilege of knowing him personally. The father of
cognitive therapy, now in his 10th decade of an extremely rich and productive life,
continues to make significant contributions to psychotherapy.
The development of CBT reflects Beck’s life, and his contributions are considered
among the greatest in the history of psychology and psychiatry. Several seminal
concepts such as “automatic thoughts” which describe the thoughts popping into
one’s mind during the day; the “cognitive triad” which conveys the negative beliefs
depressed people hold about themselves, the world and the future; and a new
“schema” theory which describes the interactions between cognition and emotion –
were coined in the 1960s. Beck’s ideas were further refined in the 1970s, with other
important concepts such as “collaborative empiricism” – where the therapist and the
patient work as a team by means of an interviewing style called “Socratic questioning”
(Padesky, 2004).
Since the 1970s, especially after the publication of the book Cognitive Therapy and the
Emotional Disorders (Beck, 1976), in which he described a theory of emotional disorders
and the new psychotherapeutic approach with emphasis in depression, there has been
a veritable “cognitive revolution”, and this approach expanded to a range of problems
and disorders, encompassing every anxiety disorder, psychoses, personality disorders,
and numerous other conditions such as chronic pain, addictions and marital problems.
Not only did Beck continue to refine cognitive therapy, but his followers also
developed new protocols for almost any existing psychological or psychiatric disorder.
I wholeheartedly agree with Leahy (2004) when he writes: “Quite infrequently in the
X Preface
field of psychology, someone comes along with a vision that changes everything. Tim
Beck has given us this vision.” It is my hope that this book will reflect a glimpse of
Beck’s enormous legacy to mankind.
The first three chapters of this book, comprising Section 1, introduce basic and
conceptual aspects of CBT. In the opening chapter, I inform on how to assess and
restructure cognitions, focusing on automatic thoughts and underlying assumptions. I
also describe a new decision-making technique, the consensual role-play, designed to
help patients understand and deal with ambivalence.
Amy Wenzel contributes an excellent review (Chapter 2), one of the best I’ve ever read
on this topic, providing the main techniques developed to modify core beliefs in
cognitive therapy.
In Chapter 3, I expand the previous chapter by introducing a novel approach, the trial-
based thought record (TBTR), especially designed to restructure core beliefs. The
transcription of a dialogue showing its implementation makes the presentation of this
technique much clearer and more practical.
Section 2 of this book covers the cognitive therapy of some of the main psychiatric
disorders. Abreu, Powell and Sudak (Chapter 4) provide a review of the recent
developments of the CBT for depression; and Juruena (Chapter 5) introduces a review
of the evidence of the cognitive-behavioral treatment for the bipolar disorder patients.
In Chapter 6, Cordioli and Vivan comprehensively review the CBT of obsessive-
compulsive disorder. Woolfolk and Allen (Chapter 7) bring to our attention the latest
advances in the CBT for somatoform disorders, while Neziroglu and Mancusi
(Chapter 8) expand this topic by proposing a new learning model of body dysmorphic
disorder.
Finally, two chapters on addiction close this book. Şenormanci, Konkan, and Sungur
(Chapter 9) provide a thorough review of the recent phenomenon of Internet addiction
and its cognitive-behavioral treatment; and Rangé and Mathias (Chapter 10) conclude
with the CBT for substance abuse.
A book like this would not be possible without careful support. So, I gratefully thank
the organizational skills of Mr. Niksa Mandic, publishing process manager, who was
present and attentive along all the steps of this project.
Irismar Reis de Oliveira
Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health,
Federal University of Bahia,
Brazil
Preface XI
References
Beck, A (1976) Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. International
Universities Press, New York.
Leahy RL (2004) Preface. In: Leahy R.L. (Ed.) Contemporary cognitive therapy: theory,
research, and practice. Guilford, New York.
Padesky CA (2004) Aaron T. Beck: mind, man, and mentor. In: Leahy R.L. (ed.)
Contemporary cognitive therapy: theory, research, and practice. Guilford
Press, New York.
