Table Of ContentRUSSIAN RESEARCH CENTER STUDIES, 48
STALIN'S
FOREIGN POLICY
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STALIN'S
FOREIGN POLICY
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Marshall D. Shulman
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, Massachusetts
1 9 63
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© Copyright 1963 by the President
and Fellows of Harvard College
All rights reserved
Distributed in Great Britain
by Oxford University Press, London
The Russian Research Center of Harvard University is supported
by grants from the Carnegie Corporation, the Ford Foundation,
and the Rockefeller Foundation. The Center carries out inter-
disciplinary study of Russian institutions and behavior and re-
lated subjects.
This volume was prepared in part under a grant from the
Carnegie Corporation of New York. That Corporation is not,
however, the author, owner, publisher, or proprietor of the pub-
lication and is not to be understood as approving by virtue of its
grant any of the statements made or views expressed therein.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 63-13816
Printed in the United States of America
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It seems to me remarkable how much a study like this represents
a community enterprise. I have forgotten how many supporting
troops are supposed to be required to keep one soldier in the field,
but I am sure the proportions are not less in mounting one scholar
at the point o£ communion with his typewriter. My words of appreci-
ation are intended as a testimony to the public and private generosity
which sustains such efforts as these. And by generosity I refer not
only to material support but also to the largeness of spirit that is ex-
pressed in the sharing of knowledge and in the giving of one's self.
In this sense particularly I welcome an opportunity to express
publicly my gratitude to Professor Philip E. Mosely of Columbia
University, who has been an inspiring example both as a teacher and
a friend.
I am greatly indebted to the Russian Research Center at Harvard
University and to its extraordinary series of directors, Clyde Kluck-
hohn, William L. Langer, and Merle Fainsod, for support and en-
couragement. To the administrative mainstay of that institution,
Mrs. Helen W. Parsons, I am under no less obligation for the trans-
fusions from her New England spirit during the eight years, off and
on, in which this book was written. Research abroad was made pos-
sible by a Rockefeller Public Service Award and by grants from the
Ford Foundation and the Inter-University Committee on Travel
Grants. My thanks also to the Centre de Documentation of the
Fondation National des Sciences Politiques, Paris, for the use of its
files.
During a year's stay with the RAND Corporation, I benefited
greatly from the opportunity to carry forward this study in a stimu-
lating environment and from the helpful counsel and criticism of
my colleagues, especially Paul Kecskemeti, Alexander L. George,
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vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alice Langley Hsieh, Allen Whiting, Donald S. Zagoria, Oleg
Hoefiding, Nancy Nimitz, Andrew Marshall, Joseph Loftus, and
Herbert Dinerstein.
The incomparable resources and helpful spirit of Harvard's
Widener Library were indispensable in the preparation of this book,
and I express warm thanks to its Director and Associate Director,
Paul Buck and Douglas Bryant.
Two old friends, Jacques Katel and Robert Kleiman, contributed
practical assistance and long evenings of political discourse, a form
of pleasure which I regard as no less practical. Among the many
others who gave valued assistance, particularly in the form of inter-
views, some are listed in the bibliographical note. I also wish to
acknowledge the resourceful research assistance of Mrs. Ruth Seid-
man.
Finally, I have been impressed and touched by the creative contri-
bution of Thomas J. Wilson, Director of Harvard University Press,
and deeply appreciative of the intelligent editing provided by Mrs.
Joyce Lebowitz.
March 1963 M.D.S.
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CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION TO THE ARGUMENT I
Π THE VIEW FROM MOSCOW IN THE SPRING OF 1949 13
ΠΙ PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE, SWEET AND SOUR 51
IV THE PEACE MOVEMENT AS AN INSTRUMENT
OF DIPLOMACY 80
V EFFECTS OF THE CHANGING POWER BALANCE 104
VI SOVIET POLICY DURING THE KOREAN WAR:
FIRST PHASE 139
VII SOVIET POLICY DURING THE KOREAN WAR:
SECOND AND THIRD PHASES 157
VIII THE DIPLOMACY OF COEXISTENCE, 1951-1952 176
IX THE USE OF THE PEACE MOVEMENT AND
THE FRENCH COMMUNIST PARTY, 1951-1952 199
X THE NINETEENTH PARTY CONGRESS 238
XI THE EVOLUTION OF SOVIET POLICY 255
BIBLIOGRAPHY 275
NOTES 283
INDEX 313
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STALIN'S
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