Stainless steel 2000 : proceedings of an International Current Status Seminar on Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Stainless Steel : held in Osaka, Japan, November 2000

444 Pages·2001·27.989 MB·English

by  Bell, Tom, Akamatsu, Katsuya

STAINLESS STEEL 2000

STAINLESS STEEL 2000
Proceedings of an International
Current Status Seminar on
Thermochemical 5urface Engineering
of Stainless Steel
Held in Osaka, Japan
November 2000
Edited by Tom Bell
School of Metallurgy & Materials
University of Birmingham, UK
and
Katsuya Akamatsu
Kansai University, Japan
MANEY
publishing
FOR THE INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS
IN ASSOCIATION WITH
THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR
HEAT TREATMENT AND SURFACE ENGINEERING
AND THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR HEAT TREATMENT
B0752
First published in 2001 by
Maney Publishing for
The Institute of Materials
1Carlton House Terrace
London SWIY 5DB
© The Institute of Materials 2001
All rights reserved
Maney Publishing isthe trading name of
W. S.Maney & Son Ltd
Hudson Road
Leeds LS9 7DL
ISBN 1-902653-49-1
Typeset in the UK by
Dorwyn Ltd, Rowlands Castle, Hants
Printed and bound in the UK at
The University Press, Cambridge
Contents
Preface
IX
Conference Overview
Xl
y. Sun and R. Cave
Section One: Selected Background Literature to Expanded Austenite
Structured and Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Nitrided Stainless Steel 1
ZL. Zhang and T. Bell
Structure of the Ion-nitrided Layer of 18-8 Stainless Steel 13
K Ichii, K Fujimura and T. Takase
Effect of Plasma Nitriding Temperature on Surface Properties ofAustenitic
Stainless Steel 23
E. Rolinski
Current Status of Hybrid Plasma Processing ofAustenitic Stainless Steel 33
M Samandi
Abnormal Nitriding Behaviour of a High Chromium, High Manganese
Austenitic Steel 39
K Gemma, Y.Satoh, I Ushiokuand M Kawakami
Low Temperature Plasma Carburising ofAustenitic Stainless Steelsfor
Improved Wear and Corrosion Resistance 51
Y.Sun, X Li and T. Bell
The Response ofAustenitic Stainless Steelsto Low-temperature Plasma Nitriding 65
Y.Sun, T. Bell Z KolozsvaryandJ Flis
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation: Innovative Technology for Surface
Treatment of Stainless Steels 83
C Blawert
Effect of RF Plasma Nitriding Power Density on Microhardness, Structure and
Magnetic Properties of 304Austenitic Stainless Steel 95
F.M El-Hossary
Bibliography ofThermochemical Surface Engineering of Stainless Steels,
1979-2000 103
K Ichii
v
Stainless Steel 2000
Section Two: General Thermochemical Treatments of Stainless Steel
Solution Nitriding of Stainless Steels 111
H Berns
Solution Nitriding of Stainless Steels- aNew Thermochemical Heat
Treatment Process 117
H Berns,R.L.fuse,J W. Bouwman and B. Edenhofer
Feature ofM Phase Formed by Plasma Nitriding of Ni-base Alloys-
Surface Engineering of Ni-base Alloys by Means of Plasma Nitriding 133
T.Makishi and K Nakata
Martensitic Stainless SteelNitrided in a Low-pressure rf Plasma 149
S.K Kim, JS. Yoo,JM Priestand MP. Fewell
Prospects for Rapid Nitriding in High Cr Austenitic Alloys 159
K Gemma, T. Ohtsuka, T. Fujiwara and M Kwakami
Nitriding of Stainless Steel Using High Power YAG Laser 167
M Takai and K Ichii
Section Three: Theoretical and Experimental Nature of S Phase
Towards Quantifying the Composition of Expanded Austenite 177
MP. Fewell P. Garlick,JM Priest,P.T. Burke, N. Dytlewski, KE Prince,
K T. Short, R.G.Elliman, H Timmers, T.D.M Weijersand B. Gong
SuccessfulNitriding ofAustenitic Stainless Steel:The Diffusion Mechanism
of Nitrogen and the Role of the Surface Oxide Layer 201
S. Parascandola,W.Moller and D.L. Williamson
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of SPhase in Low Temperature
Plasma Nitrided 316 Stainless Steel 215
XY.Li and Y.Sun
Nature ofY Phase Formed with Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding of
N
Austenitic Stainless Steels 229
N. Yasumaru
Effect of Peening asMechanical Pre-treatment of the Formation of SPhase
in Plasma Nitrided 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel 247
M Yamauchi, N. Ueda,K Demizu, A. Okamoto, T. Sone,K Oku, T. Kouda,
K Ichii and K Akamatsu
VI
Contents
The Formation and Decomposition of Nitrogen and Carbon fctAustenite
in Austenitic Stainless Steel 263
Y.Sun, X Y.Li and T. Bell
Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding and Carburising ofAustenitic Stainless Steels 275
T. Belland Y.Sun
SPhase Formation of Some Austenitic Stainless Steelsby Plasma Nitriding 289
A. Nishimoto, K Ichii, K Kakao, M Takai and K Akamatsu
Surface Engineering of Stainless Steelsby Plasma Ion Implantation and
Low Pressure Plasma 309
S. Ohtani and N. Iwamoto
The Nature of SPhase Coatings and their Wear and Corrosion-wear
Behaviour when Applied to 316L 317
P.A. Dearnley,KL. Dahm and G.Aldrich-Smith
Role of Ion-beam Processing Time in the Formation and Growth of the
High-nitrogen Phase in Austenitic Stainless Steel 333
D.L. Williamson, P.] Wilbur, P.R. Fickett and S. Parascandola
The Fretting Fatigue Behaviour of Plasma Nitrided AISI 316 Stainless Steel 353
u.
C. Allen, C.X T. Belland Y.Sun
Section Four: Industrial Processing Using S Phase Technology
Environmentally Friendly Low Temperature Plasma Processing of Stainless Steel
Components for the Nuclear Industry 361
]P. Lebrun, L. Poirier,D. Hertz and C Lincot
Active Screen Plasma Nitriding 377
] Georgesand D. Cleugh
Low Temperature Gas Carburising forAustenitic Stainless Steels- The
NV-pionite Process 389
K Aoki, T. Shirahata, M Taharaand K Kitano
Low Temperature Palsonite Salt Bath Nitriding ofAustenitic Stainless Steel
SUS304 407
M Higashi, K Shinkawa and K Kurosawa
Kolsterising - Surface Hardening ofAustenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels
without a Lossof Corrosion Resistance 415
R.N VanDerJagt
Index 425
Vll

Preface
A collaborative agreement was entered into on 16 April 1988 between the University of
Birmingham (UK) and the Kansai University (japan). This was an agreement to share
knowledge of the expanded austenite phase (Sphase) formed through the low temperature
thermochemical processing of austenitic stainless steels.This agreement led, in November
2000, to an International Current Status Seminar on Thermochemical Surface
Engineering of Stainless Steel being held in Osaka, Japan. The present volume represents
not only the publication of the seminar proceedings but alsoselected papers in the field of
interest published since 1985. Indeed, afull bibliography of the field from 1979-2000 has
been painstakingly prepared byMr Ichii ofKansai University, and this forms an important
contribution to the published proceedings.
The expanded austenite phase has led to the industrial development of a variety of
nitrogen, and more recently, carbon based surface engineering technologies for improving
the surface hardness and tribological performance of austenitic stainless steelswithout any
lossin corrosion resistance. Asearlyas 1971 the poor wear resistance ofaustenitic stainless
steelswasrecognised and investigated byJean-Paul Lebrun forhis PhD at the University of
Nancy. This seminal work published in Memoires Scientifiques Rev. Metallurg., LXIX (10),
1972, recognised the change in the kinetics of nitriding of stainless steels below 600°C
which formed the basisfor subsequent important studies including those at the University
of Birmingham and the Kansai University.
The Proceedings is divided into four sections. The First Section mainly covers selected
papers from the literature from 1985-2000, which are regarded asbeing highly relevant to
the thermochemical treatment of stainless steels which are reproduced with the kind
permission of the relevant publishers, whose support is gratefully acknowledged. The
Second Section includes a miscellany of papers both from the literature and the Current
Status Seminar, which provide an interesting insight into the dilemma facing authors in a
'hot topic' fieldwhere the semantics and related terminology haveyet to be clarified. It also
includes papers on very high temperature nitriding - known as solution nitriding - by
Professor Hans Berns. Solution nitriding is an interesting new technology finding
commercial interest in Europe for the deep-case surface hardening of austenitic stainless
steels.
The Third Section covers our current understanding of the physical metallurgy of S
phase and expanded austenite involving both carbon and nitrogen in low temperature
metastable solid solution. Assuch, this Section provides the basisfor further work into our
understanding of the novel surface engineering technologies, which are described in
Section Four. In Section Four the reader will see that liquid, gaseous and plasma
technologies are available for both the nitrogen and carbon mass transfer to austenitic
IX
Stainless Steel 2000
stainless steels. These technologies are finding a rapidly expanding niche market covering
applications of stainless steel in the food, chemical, nuclear and medical sectors. The
Current Status Seminar provides, in the view of the Editor and his colleagues, an excellent
case study for international collaborative research providing on a sound scientific basis
technological solutions to a required industrial need over a IS-year period.
The Editors and their colleagues are particularly grateful to Miss Teresa Wall for her
work on re-typing many of the papers.
Professor T. Bell University of Birmingham
ProfesssorK Akamatsu, Kansai University
Mr K Ichii, Kansai University
Professor Y. Sun, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
x