Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering

1586 Pages·2009·196.396 MB·English

by  Karl-Heinrich Grote, Erik K. Antonsson

Springer
Handbook
of Mechanical Engineering
Grote, Antonsson (Eds.)
WithDVD-ROM,1822Figuresand402Tables
1 3
Editors:
ProfessorDr.-Ing.Karl-HeinrichGrote
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
Otto-von-GuerickeUniversityMagdeburg
Universitätsplatz2
39106Magdeburg,Germany
[email protected]
ProfessorErikK.Antonsson
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(CALTEC)
1200EastCaliforniaBoulevard
Pasadena,CA91125,USA
[email protected]
LibraryofCongressControlNumber: 2008934575
ISBN:978-3-540-49131-6 e-ISBN:978-3-540-30738-9
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V
Preface
Mechanical engineering is a broad and complex field have devoted a considerable amount of time towards
withintheworldofengineeringandhascloserelations thisproject.Wewouldliketothankthemfortheirpa-
to many other fields. It is an important economic fac- tienceandcooperation,andwehopeforalong-lasting
torforallindustrializedcountriesandtheglobalmarket partnership in this ambitious project. We would also
allows for wide international competition for products mostsincerelyliketothankourmanagersandfriendsat
and processes in this field. To stay up to date with Springerandle-tex.TheexecutivesatSpringer–Verlag
scientific findings and to apply existing knowledge in were always most cooperative and supportive of this
mechanical engineering it is important to renew and Handbook. Without Dr. Skolaut’s continuous help and
continuouslyupdateexistinginformation. encouragementandMs.Moebes’andMr.Wieczorek’s
TheeditorsofthisSpringerHandbookonMechan- almost daily requests for corrections, improvements,
ical Engineering have worked successfully with 92 and progress reports it would have taken another few
authorsworldwidetoincludechaptersaboutallrelevant years – if ever – to publish this Handbook. Stürtz has
mechanical engineering topics. However, this Hand- doneafantasticjobinprintingandbinding.Finallywe
book cannot claim to cover every aspect or detail of wouldliketothankallthepeopleweworkwithinour
the mechanical engineering areas or fields included, departmentsanduniversities,whotoleratedthetimeand
and where mechanical engineers are currently present effortspentonthisbook.
andcontributingtheirexpertiseandknowledgetowards Finally, we know that there is always room for
the challenges of a better world. However, this Hand- improvement – with this Handbook as with most en-
book will be a valuable guide for all who design, gineering products and approaches. We, as well as the
develop,manufacture,operate,andusemechanicalarte- authors welcome your fair hints, comments, and crit-
facts. icism. Through this Handbook and with the authors’
We also hope to spark interest in the field of me- efforts, we would also like to draw your attention to
chanical engineering from others. In this Handbook, what has been accomplished for the benefit of the en-
high-schoolstudentscangetafirstglanceattheoptions gineeringworldandsociety.
inthisfieldandpossiblecareermoves.
We,theeditors,wouldliketoexpressourgratitude Berlin,Fall2008 Karl-HeinrichGrote
andthankstoalloftheauthorsofthisHandbook,who Pasadena,Fall2008 ErikK.Antonsson
VII
About the Editors
Dr. Karl-Heinrich Grote isaProfessorandChairoftheDepartmentofMechanical
Engineering–EngineeringDesignattheOtto-von-GuerickeUniversityinMagdeburg,
Germany.Heearnedhis“DiplomainMechanicalEngineering”(MastersofSciencein
Mechanical Engineering)in 1979andhis“Dr.-Ing.”(Ph.D.in Engineering)in1984,
both from the Technical University in Berlin, Germany. After a post doctoral stay
in the USA he joined an automotive supplier as manager of the engineering design
department.In1990hefollowedacalltobecomefullprofessorattheMechanicalEn-
gineeringDepartmentattheCaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeach,USA.In1992he
receivedtheTRWOutstandingFacultyawardandin1993theVDI"RingofHonor"
for his research on Engineering Design and Methodology. In 1995 he was named
chair of the Engineering Design Department at the Otto-von-Guericke University in
Magdeburg, whereheis nowDean oftheCollegeofMechanical Engineering.From
October2002toSeptember2004hewasVisitingProfessorofMechanicalEngineer-
ingattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Caltech)USA.Since1995heisEditorof
theDUBBEL(TaschenbuchfürdenMaschinenbau)andauthorofseveralbooks.
Dr.Erik Antonsson isaProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringattheCaliforniaInsti-
tuteofTechnologyinPasadena,whereheorganizedtheEngineeringDesignResearch
Laboratoryandhasconductedresearchandtaughtsince1984.HeearnedaBachelor
ofScienceinMechanicalEngineeringfromCornellUniversityin1976,andaPhDin
MechanicalEngineeringfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridgein
1982.In1984hejoinedtheMechanicalEngineeringFacultyattheCaliforniaInstitute
ofTechnology,whereheservedastheExecutiveOfficer(Chair)from1998to2002.
FromSeptember,2002throughJanuary,2006,Dr.AntonssonwasonleavefromCal-
techandservedastheChiefTechnologistatNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL).
He was an NSF Presidential Young Investigator (1986-1992), won the 1995 Richard
P.FeynmanPrizeforExcellenceinTeaching,andwasaco-winnerofthe2001TRW
DistinguishedPatentAward.Dr.AntonssonisaFellowoftheASME,andamember
oftheIEEE,AIAA,SME,ACM,andASEE.Hehaspublishedover110scholarlypa-
persinthefieldofengineeringdesignresearch,haseditedtwobooks,andholdseight
U.S.patents.
IX
List of Authors
GrittAhrens GerryByrne
DaimlerAGX944 UniversityCollegeDublin
SystemsIntegrationandComfortElectric SchoolofElectrical,Electronic
71059Sindelfingen,Germany andMechanicalEngineering
e-mail:[email protected] Belfield,Dublin4,Ireland
e-mail:[email protected]
SeddikBacha
BorisIlichCherpakov(deceased)
UniversitéJosephFourier
GrénobleElectricalEngineeringLaboratory
EdwardChlebus
SaintMartind’Hères
WrocławUniversityofTechnology
38402Grenoble,France
CentreforAdvancedManufacturingTechnologies
e-mail:[email protected]
Lukasiewicza5
50-371Wrocław,Poland
StanleyBaksi e-mail:[email protected]
TRWAutomotive,LucasVarityGmbH
CarlSpaeterStr.8 MirosławChłosta
56070Koblenz,Germany IMBiGS–InstituteforMechanizedConstruction
e-mail:[email protected] andRockMining(IMBiGS)
ul.Racjonalizacji6/8
02-673Warsaw,Poland
ThomasBöllinghaus
e-mail:[email protected]
FederalInstituteforMaterialsResearch
andTesting(BAM)
NorgeI.CoelloMachado
UnterdenEichen87
UniversidadCentral“MartaAbreu”deLasVillas
12205Berlin,Germany
FacultyofMechanicalEngineering
e-mail:[email protected]
SantaClara,54830,Cuba
e-mail:[email protected]
AloisBreiing
FrancescoCostanzo
EidgenössischeTechnischeHochschuleZürich(ETH)
AleniaAeronautica
InstitutfürmechanischeSysteme(IMES)
Procurement/SourcingManagementDepartment
ZentrumfürProdukt-Entwicklung(ZPE)
Vialedell’Aeronautica
ETHZentrum,CLAE17.1,Tannenstrasse3
Pomigliano(NA),Italy
8092Zurich,Switzerland
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
CarlE.Cross
EugeniuszBudny FederalInstituteforMaterialsResearch
InstituteofMechanizedConstructionandRock andTesting(BAM)
Mining JoiningTechnology
Racjonalizacji6/8 UnterdenEichen87
02-673Warsaw,Poland 12200Berlin,Germany
e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:[email protected]
X ListofAuthors
FrankDammel FrankEngelmann
TechnicalUniversity UniversityofAppliedSciencesJena
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering/Institute DepartmentofIndustrialEngineering
ofTechnicalThermodynamics Carl-Zeiss-Promenade2
Petersenstr.30 07745Jena,Germany
64287Darmstadt,Germany e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
RaminS.Esfandiari
JaimeDeLaRee CaliforniaStateUniversity
VirginiaTech DepartmentofMechanical&Aerospace
ElectricalandComputerEngineeringDepartment Engineering
340WhittemoreHall LongBeach,CA90840,USA
Blacksburg,VA24061,USA e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
JensFreudenberger
TorstenDellmann
Leibniz-InstituteforSolidStateandMaterials
RWTHAachenUniversity
ResearchDresden
DepartmentofRailVehiclesand
DepartmentforMetalPhysics
Materials-HandlingTechnology
P.O.Box270116
SeffenterWeg8
01171Dresden,Germany
52074Aachen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
StefanGies
BerendDenkena
RWTHAachenUniversity
LeibnizUniversityHannover
InstituteforAutomotiveEngineering
IFW–InstituteofProductionEngineering
Steinbachstr.7
andMachineTools
52074Aachen,Germany
AnderUniversität2
e-mail:[email protected]
30823Garbsen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
JoachimGöllner
LudgerDeters Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity
Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity InstituteofMaterialsandJoiningTechnology
InstituteofMachineDesign DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
Universitätsplatz2 Universitätsplatz2
39016Magdeburg,Germany 39016Magdeburg,Germany
e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:
[email protected]
UlrichDilthey
RWTHAachenUniversity TimothyGutowski
ISFWeldingandJoiningInstitute MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology
Pontstr.49 DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
52062Aachen,Germany Cambridge,MA02139,USA
e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:[email protected]
ListofAuthors XI
TakeshiHatsuzawa ChrisOliverHeyde
TokyoInstituteofTechnology Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity
PrecisionandIntelligenceLaboratory ElectricPowerNetworksandRenewableEnergy
4259-R2-6,Nagatsuta-cho Sources
226-8503Yokohama,Japan Universitätsplatz2
e-mail:[email protected] 39106Magdeburg,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
MarkusHecht
BerlinUniversityofTechnology
AndrewKaldos
InstituteofLandandSeaTransportSystems
AKMEngineeringConsultants
DepartmentofRailVehicles
31TudorvilleRoad
Salzufer17–19
Bebington,WirralCH632HT,UK
10587Berlin,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
HamidHefazi YuichiKanda
CaliforniaStateUniversity ToyoUniversity
MechanicalandAerospaceEngineering DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospace AdvancedManufacturingEngineeringLaboratory
Engineering 2100Kujirai
1250BellflowerBoulevard 350-8585Kawagoe-City,Japan
LongBeach,CA90840,USA e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
ThomasKannengiesser
MartinHeilmaier
FederalInstituteforMaterialsResearch
TechnicalUniversity
andTesting(BAM)
DepartmentofPhysicalMetallurgy
JoiningTechnology
Petersenstr.23
UnterdenEichen87
64287Darmstadt,Germany
12200Berlin,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
RolfHenke
RWTHAachenUniversity MichailKarpenko
InstituteofAeronauticsandAstronautics NewZealandWeldingCentre
Wuellnerstr.7 HeavyEngineeringResearchAssociation(HERA)
52062Aachen,Germany 17–19GladdingPlace
e-mail:[email protected] ManukauCity,NewZealand
e-mail:[email protected]
KlausHerfurth
IndustrialAdvisor
BernhardKarpuschewski
AmWiesengrund34
Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity
40764Langenfeld,Germany
DepartmentofManufacturingEngineering
e-mail:[email protected]
Universitätsplatz2
39106Magdeburg,Germany
HorstHerold(deceased) e-mail:[email protected]
XII ListofAuthors
ToshiakiKimura SurendarK.Marya
JapanSocietyforthePromotionofMachine GeM-UMRCNRS6183,EcoleCentraleNantes
Industry(JSPMI) InstitutdeRechercheenGénieCiviletMécanique
ProductionEngineeringDepartment 1RuedelaNoë
TechnicalResearchInstitute 44321Nantes,France
1-1-12,Hachiman-cho e-mail:[email protected]
203-0042Tokyo,Japan
e-mail:[email protected] AjayMathur
SimonIndiaLimited
DwarkadasKothari PlantEngineering
VITUniversity DevikaTower,6NehruPlace
SchoolofElectricalSciences NewDelhi,India
Vellore,TN632014,India e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
Klaus-JürgenMatthes
ChemnitzUniversityofTechnology
HermannKühnle
InstituteforManufacturing/WeldingTechnology
Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity
ReichenhainerStr.70
InstituteofErgonomics
09126Chemnitz,Germany
FactoryOperationsandAutomation
e-mail:[email protected]
Universitätsplatz2
39106Magdeburg,Germany
HenningJürgenMeyer
e-mail:[email protected]
TechnischeUniversitätBerlin
BerlinInstituteofTechnology
OlegP.Lelikov
KonstruktionvonMaschinensystemen
BaumanMoscowStateTechnicalUniversity
Straßedes17.Juni144
2-ndBaumanskaya,5
10623Berlin,Germany
Moscow,105005,Russia
e-mail:[email protected]
AndreasLindemann
KlausMiddeldorf
Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity
DVS–GermanWeldingSociety
InstituteforPowerElectronics
Düsseldorf,Germany
Universitätsplatz2
e-mail:[email protected]
39106Magdeburg,Germany
e-mail:[email protected] GerhardMook
Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity
BrunoLisanti DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
AST InstituteofMaterialsandJoiningTechnology
ViaDanteAlighieri57 andMaterialsTesting
LonatePozzolo(VA),Italy Universitätsplatz2
e-mail:[email protected] 39016Magdeburg,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
ManuelMarya
SchlumbergerReservoirCompletions JayM.Ochterbeck
MaterialEngineering ClemsonUniversity
14910AirlineRoad DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
Rosharon,TX77583,USA Clemson,SC29634-0921,USA
e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:[email protected]
ListofAuthors XIII
JoaoFernandoG.Oliveira HolgerSaage
UniversityofSãoPaulo UniversityofAppliedSciencesofLandshut
DepartmentofProductionEngineering FacultyofMechanicalEngineering
Av.TrabalhadorSãocarlense,400 AmLurzenhof1
SãoCarlos,SP13566-590,Brazil 84036Landshut,Germany
e-mail:[email protected],[email protected] e-mail:[email protected]
AntjeG.Orths ShuichiSakamoto
Energinet.dk NiigataUniversity
ElectricitySystemDevelopment DepartmentofMechanicalandProduction
TonneKjærsvej65 Engineering
7000Fredericia,Denmark Ikarashi2-8050
e-mail:[email protected] 9502181Niigata,Japan
e-mail:[email protected]
VincePiacenti
RobertBoschLLC
RogerSchaufele
SystemEngineering,DieselFuelSystems
CaliforniaStateUniversity
38000HillsTechDrive
1250BellflowerBoulevard
FarmingtonHills,MI48331,USA
LongBeach,CA90840,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
JörgPieschel
MarkusSchleser
Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity
RWTHAachenUniversity
InstituteofMaterialsandJoiningTechnology
WeldingandJoiningInstitute
Universitätsplatz2
Pontstr.49
39106Magdeburg,Germany
52062Aachen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
StefanPischinger
MeinhardT.Schobeiri
RWTHAachenUniversity
TexasA&MUniversity
InstituteforCombustionEngines
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
Schinkelstr.8
CollegeStation,TX77843-3123,USA
52062Aachen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
DidierM.Priem MiroslawJ.Skibniewski
ÉcoleCentraleNantes UniversityofMaryland
DepartmentofMaterials DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmental
1RuedelaNoë,GEMUMRCNRS6183 Engineering
44321Nantes,France 1188GlennL.MartinHall
e-mail:[email protected] CollegePark,MD20742-3021,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
FrankRiedel
Fraunhofer-InstituteforMachineToolsand JagjitSinghSrai
FormingTechnology(IWU) UniversityofCambridge
DepartmentofJoiningTechnology CentreforInternationalManufacturing
ReichenhainerStr.88 InstituteforManufacturing
09126Chemnitz,Germany Cambridge,CB21RX,UK
e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:[email protected]
XIV ListofAuthors
VivekSrivastava Klaus-DieterThoben
CorporateTechnologyStrategyServices UniversityofBremen
AdityaBirlaManagementCorporation BremenInstituteforProductionandLogistics
MIDCTaloja,Panvel GmbH
NaviMumbai,India DepartmentofICTApplicationsinProduction
e-mail:[email protected] Hochschulring20
28359Bremen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
PeterStephan
TechnicalUniversityDarmstadt
MarcelTodtermuschke
InstituteofTechnicalThermodynamics
Fraunhofer-InstituteforMachineToolsand
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
FormingTechnology
Petersenstr.30
DepartmentofAssemblingTechniques
64287Darmstadt,Germany
ReichenhainerStr.88
e-mail:[email protected]
09126Chemnitz,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
ZbigniewA.Styczynski
Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity HelmutTschoeke
ElectricPowerNetworksandRenewableEnergy Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity
Sources InstituteofMobileSystems
Universitätsplatz2 Universitätsplatz2
39106Magdeburg,Germany 39106Magdeburg,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]@ieee.org e-mail:[email protected]
JonH.VanGerpen
P.M.V.Subbarao UniversityofIdaho
IndianInstituteofTechnology DepartmentofBiologicalandAgricultural
MechanicalEngineeringDepartment Engineering
HAUSKHAS Moscow,ID,USA
NewDelhi,110016,India e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
AnatoleVereschaka
MoscowStateUniversityofTechnology“STANKIN”
OliverTegel
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringTechnology
Dr.-Ing.h.c.F.PorscheAG
andInstituteofDesignandTechnological
R&D,IS-Management
Informatics
Porschestr.
LaboratoryofSurfaceNanosystems
71287Weissach,Germany
RussianAcademyofScience
e-mail:[email protected]
Vadkovskypereulok1
Moscow,101472,Russia
e-mail:[email protected]
A.ErmanTekkaya
ATILIMUniversity
DepartmentofManufacturingEngineering DetlefvonHofe
Incek HohenDyk106
Ankara,06836,Turkey 47803Krefeld,Germany
e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:[email protected]