Springer Handbook of lasers and optics: with 163 tables

1726 Pages·2012·83.025 MB·English

by  Laser., Optik., Träger, Frank

Springer Handbook
of Lasers and Optics
SpringerHandbookprovides
aconcisecompilationofapproved
key information on methods of
research, general principles, and
functionalrelationshipsinphysical
andappliedsciences.Theworld’s
leading experts in the fields of
physicsandengineeringwillbeas-
signedbyoneorseveralrenowned
editorstowritethechapterscom-
prising each volume. The content
is selected by these experts from
Springersources(books,journals,
onlinecontent)andothersystematic
andapprovedrecentpublicationsof
scientificandtechnicalinformation.
Thevolumesaredesignedtobe
useful as readable desk reference
booktogiveafastandcomprehen-
siveoverviewandeasyretrievalof
essentialreliablekeyinformation,
includingtables,graphs,andbibli-
ographies.Referencestoextensive
sourcesareprovided.
Springer
Handbook
of Lasers and Optics
Träger (Ed.)
With1210Figuresand163Tables
123
Editor
Prof.Dr.FrankTräger
UniversityofKassel
DepartmentofPhysics
Heinrich-Plett-Str.40
34132Kassel
Germany
ISBN:978-3-642-19408-5 e-ISBN:978-3-642-19409-2
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-19409-2
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber: 2012933971
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewhole
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V
Foreword
Lasers and optical techniques are becoming ever more indispensible as enabling
tools in most fields of science and technology. After the first edition of the Springer
Handbook of Lasers and Optics appeared in 2007, it has quickly become one of
my favorite desktop references. The handbook provides a concise, balanced, and
timely compilation of basic principles, key applications and recent advances, writ-
ten by leading experts. The readable style and the attractive, well-illustrated layout
is even inviting to casual studying and browsing. The rapid pace of technologi-
cal advances in our field is reflected in this second edition. It updates much of
the material and covers quite a few new topics. I know that I will continue to
keep my Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics close at hand, despite the infi-
nite amount of information (and misinformation) that is readily accessible via the
Prof.TheodorW.Hänsch
Internet.
NobelLaureateinPhysics2005
DepartmentofPhysics
Munich,December2011 TheodorW.Hänsch Ludwig-Maximilians-
Universität(LMU)
Munich,Germany

VII
Preface
ThissecondeditionoftheSpringerHandbookofLasersandOpticshasnotonlybeen
updatedcompletely.Italsofeaturesanumberofnewchapters,amongthemintegrated
optics,interferometry,fibreopticsaswellasfrequencycombs.
In fact, it has often been said that the 21st century is the century of the photon.
Optical methods, materials, and components have reached an advanced state of so-
phisticationhithertounknown.Opticaltechniques,particularlythosebasedonlasers,
not only find applications in the classical fields of physics and engineering but have
expanded into many other disciplines such as medicine, the life sciences, chemistry
andenvironmentalresearch,tomentiononlyafew examples.Nevertheless,progress
in optics, photonic materials and coherent light sources continues at a rapid pace:
Newlasermaterialsarebeingdeveloped;novelconceptssuchasopticsfarbeyondthe
Prof.FrankTräger
diffractionlimit,ornanooptics,arebeingexplored;andcoherentlightsourcesgenerate
UniversitätKassel
wavelengthsinrangesnotpreviouslyaccessible. ExperimentalphysikI
In view of the pronounced interdisciplinary nature of optics, the Springer Hand- Germany
book of Lasers and Optics also in its second edition is designed as a readable desk
referencebooktoprovidefast,up-to-date,comprehensiveandauthoritativecoverage
of the field. The chapters are grouped into four parts covering basic principles and
materials; fabrication and properties of optical components; coherent and incoherent
light sources; and, finally, selected applications and special fields such as terahertz
photonics,x-rayoptics,holographyorintegratedopticsandfrequencycombs.
IhopethatallreaderswillfindthisSpringerHandbookusefulandwillenjoyusing
it.
Kassel,January2012 FrankTräger

IX
List of Authors
KiyoshiAsakawa MatthiasBorn
UniversityofTsukuba PhilipsTechnologieGmbH
GraduateSchoolofPureandAppliedScience InnovativeTechnologies
1-1-1Tennodai ZentrumfürBiomedizintechnik(ZBMT)
305-8571Tsukuba,Japan Pauwelsstr.17
e-mail:[email protected] 52074Aachen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
AndreasAssion
FemtolasersProduktionsGmbH AnnetteBorsutzky
Fernkorngasse10 Kardinal-von-Galen-GymnasiumHiltrup
1100Vienna,Austria ZumRotenBerge25
e-mail:[email protected] 48165Münster,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
ThomasE.Bauer
HansBrand
OpticsBalzersJenaGmbH
UniversityofErlangen-NürnbergLHFT
ProductManagement
DepartmentofElectrical,Electronicand
Carl-Zeiss-Promenade10
CommunicationEngineering
Jena,Germany
Cauerstr.9
e-mail:[email protected]
91058Erlangen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
ThomasBaumert
UniversitätKassel
RobertP.Breault
InstitutfürPhysik
BreaultResearchOrganization,Inc.
Heinrich-Plett-Str.40
6400EastGrantRoad
34132Kassel,Germany
Tucson,AZ85715,USA
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
DietrichBertram MatthiasBrinkmann
PhilipsLighting UniversityofAppliedSciences
Philipsstr.8 MathematicsandNaturalSciences
52068Aachen,Germany Schoefferstrasse3
e-mail:[email protected] 64295Darmstadt,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
KlausBonrad
MerckKGaA RobertBrunner
PerformanceMaterialsDivisionPMATG SciTecUniversityofAppliedSciences
FrankfurterStr.250 Carl-Zeiss-Promenade2
64293Darmstadt,Germany 07745Jena,Germany
e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:[email protected]
X ListofAuthors
GeoffreyW.Burr WolfgangDemtröder
IBMAlmadenResearchCenter TUKaiserslautern
650HarryRoad DepartmentofPhysics
SanJose,CA95120,USA AmHarzhübel80
e-mail:[email protected] 67663Kaiserslautern,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
KarstenBuse
FraunhoferInstituteofPhysicalMeasurement FrankJ.Duarte
TechniquesIPM InterferometricOptics
Heidenhofstr.8 112ApplegroveDrive
79110Freiburg,Germany Rochester,NY14612-2804,USA
e-mail:[email protected] and
UniversityofNewMexico
CarolClick Electrical&ComputerEngineering
SchottNorthAmerica Albuquerque,USA
RegionalResearchandDevelopment e-mail:[email protected]
400YorkAvenue
Duryea,PA18642,USA
HenrikEhlers
e-mail:[email protected]
LaserZentrumHannovere.V.
DepartmentofThinFilmTechnology
ChristophCremer Hollerithallee8
LightopticalNanoscopyInstituteofMolecular 30419Hannover,Germany
Biology(IMB) e-mail:[email protected]
Ackermannweg4
55128Mainz,Germany
RainerEngelbrecht
and
UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg
UniversityHeidelberg
Departmentof
Kirchhoff-InstituteofPhysics
Electrical-Electronic-CommunicationEngineering
ImNeuenheimerFeld227
Cauerstr.9
69120Heidelberg,Germany
91058Erlangen,Germany
e-mail:[email protected]
e-mail:[email protected]
MarkJ.Davis
SchottNorthAmerica MartinFally
RegionalResearchandDevelopment UniversityofVienna
400YorkAvenue FacultyofPhysics
Duryea,PA18642,USA Boltzmanngasse5
e-mail:[email protected] 1090Vienna,Austria
e-mail:[email protected]
GiuseppeDellaValle
PolitecnicodiMilano Yun-HsingFan
DepartmentofPhysics FinisarShanghai,Inc.
PiazzaLeonardodaVinci32 66HuiqingRd.
20133Milan,Italy Shanghai,PudongDestrict201201,China
e-mail:[email protected] e-mail:claire.fan@finisar.com