Table Of ContentSport Management
Now available in a fully revised and updated fourth edition, Sport Management: Principles
and applications introduces the sport industry and examines the role of the state, non-
profit and professional sectors in sport. It focuses on core management principles and
their application in a sporting context, highlighting the unique challenges faced in a
career in sport management.
Written in an engaging and accessible style, each chapter has a clear structure designed
to make key information and concepts simple to find and to utilize. Chapters contain a
conceptual overview, references, further reading, links to important websites, study
questions and up-to-date case studies from around the world to show how theory works
in the real world, and a companion website offers additional activities for students and
guidance notes and slides for instructors. The book covers every core functional area of
management, including:
• strategic planning
• organizational culture
• organizational structures
• human resource management
• leadership
• governance
• financial management
• marketing
• performance management.
This fourth edition also includes expanded coverage of sport media, change
management and other contemporary management issues, providing a comprehensive
introduction to the practical application of management principles within sport
organizations. It is ideal for first and second year students on sport management-related
courses, as well as those studying business-focussed or human movement courses seeking
an overview of applied sport management principles.
Russell Hoye is Professor of Sport Management and Director, Centre for Sport and
Social Impact at La Trobe University, Australia. He is the editor of the Sport Management
Series published by Routledge, a member of the editorial board for Sport Management
Review and the International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, past President of the
Sport Management Association of Australia and New Zealand (SMAANZ), and a
graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Aaron C.T. Smith is Professor in the Graduate School of Business and Law at RMIT
University, Melbourne, Australia. Aaron has research interests in the management of
psychological, organizational and policy change in business, and sport and health. In
recent times he has focussed on the impact of commercial and global sport policy, the
ways in which internal cultures shape organizational conduct, the role of social forces in
managing change, and the management of social policy change such as those associated
with health and drug use.
Matthew Nicholson is an Associate Professor in the Centre for Sport and Social Impact
at La Trobe University, Australia. His research interests focus on sport policy and
development, the contribution of sport to social capital and the relationship between
sport and the media.
Bob Stewart is Associate Professor of Sport Studies at Victoria University, Australia. Bob
has been teaching and researching the field of sport management and sport policy for
15 years, and is currently working with the University’s College of Sport and Exercise
Science, and Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living. Bob has a special interest in
cartel structures, social control, and player regulation in elite sports, and the ways in
which neo-liberal ideologies shape sport’s governance and management practices.
Sport Management Series
Series Editor: Russell Hoye, La Trobe University, Australia
This Sport Management Series has been providing a range of texts for core subjects in
undergraduate sport business and management courses around the world for more than
10 years. These textbooks are considered essential resources for academics, students and
managers seeking an international perspective on the management of the complex world
of sport.
Many millions of people around the globe are employed in sport organizations in
areas as diverse as event management, broadcasting, venue management, marketing,
professional sport, community and collegiate sport, and coaching, as well as in allied
industries such as sporting equipment manufacturing, sporting footwear and apparel,
and retail.
At the elite level, sport has moved from being an amateur pastime to one of the
world’s most significant industries. The growth and professionalization of sport has
driven changes in the consumption and production of sport and in the management of
sporting organizations at all levels.
Managing sport organizations at the start of the twenty-first century involves the
application of techniques and strategies evident in leading business, government and
nonprofit organizations. This series explains these concepts and applies them to the
diverse global sport industry.
To support their use by academics, each text is supported by current case studies,
targeted study questions, further reading lists, links to relevant web-based resources,
and supplementary online materials such as case study questions and classroom
presentation aids.
Available in this series:
Sport and Policy
Russell Hoye, Matthew Nicholson and Barrie Houlihan
Sports Economics
Paul Downward, Alistair Dawson and Trudo Dejonghe
Sport and the Media
Matthew Nicholson
Sport Governance
Russell Hoye and Graham Cuskelly
Sport Funding and Finance (Second edition)
Bob Stewart
Managing People in Sport Organizations
A strategic human resource management perspective (Second edition)
Tracy Taylor, Alison Doherty and Peter McGraw
Introduction to Sport Marketing (Second edition)
Aaron C.T. Smith and Bob Stewart
Sport Management
Principles and applications (Fourth edition)
Russell Hoye, Aaron C.T. Smith, Matthew Nicholson and Bob Stewart
Sport Management
Principles and applications
FOURTH EDITION
Russell Hoye, Aaron C.T. Smith,
Matthew Nicholson and
Bob Stewart
First published 2005
by Butterworth-Heinemann, an imprint of Elsevier
This edition published 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2015 R. Hoye, A. Smith, M. Nicholson and B. Stewart
The right of R. Hoye, A. Smith, M. Nicholson and B. Stewart to be identified
as the authors of this volume has been asserted in accordance with sections 77
and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent
to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-1-138-83959-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-83960-1 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-73337-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Berling and Futura
by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby
Contents
Preface xv
Figures and tables xvii
In Practice examples and Case Studies xix
Part I: The sport management environment 1
1 Sport management 3
Overview 3
What is sport management? 3
Unique features of sport 4
Sport management environment 6
Three sectors of sport 7
What is different about sport management? 8
Summary 11
Review questions 12
Further reading 13
Relevant websites 13
2 The role of the state in sport development 14
Overview 14
Defining the state 15
Why should the state engage with sport? 15
Reasons for state intervention 18
Extent and form of state intervention 21
Regulation and control 23
Summary 26
Review questions 26
Further reading 26
Relevant websites 27
viii Contents
Case Study 2.1 Creating order out of chaos: The regulation of mixed
martial arts in the USA 27
Case Study 2.2 Managing safety: Lifesaving clubs and lifeguard
associations 29
3 Nonprofit sport 33
Overview 33
Introduction 33
Nonprofit sector and society 34
Nonprofit sector and sport 36
Governing bodies of sport 38
The sports club environment 39
Government intervention 42
Issues for the nonprofit sport sector 45
Summary 48
Review questions 49
Further reading 49
Relevant websites 50
Case Study 3.1 Gymnastics Australia 50
Case Study 3.2 England Hockey 53
4 Professional sport 56
Overview 56
What is professional sport? 56
Circuits of promotion 60
Sport circuits 60
Media 63
Sponsorship 64
Player management 67
Ownership and outcomes 70
Summary 71
Review questions 72
Further reading 72
Relevant websites 73
Case Study 4.1 National Basketball Association 74
Case Study 4.2 UEFA Champions League 80
Contents ix
Part II: Sport management principles 85
5 Strategic sport management 87
Overview 87
Strategic management principles 87
Why undertake strategic management? 88
Strategic sport management 89
The strategic management process 91
Stage 1: Strategy analysis 93
Stage 2: Strategy direction 97
Stage 3: Strategy formulation 98
Stage 4: Strategy implementation 101
Stage 5: Strategy evaluation 103
Strategy as change 103
Strategy as practice 107
Summary 108
Review questions 108
Further reading 109
Relevant websites 109
Case Study 5.1 The FIA on track for strategic progress in the Middle East 109
Case Study 5.2 Expanding Super Rugby across the gain line 113
6 Organizational structure 116
Overview 116
What is organizational structure? 116
Dimensions of organizational structure 118
Structural models 122
What influences the structure of a sport organization? 125
Challenges for sport managers 129
Summary 131
Review questions 132
Further reading 132
Relevant websites 133
Case Study 6.1 Racing Victoria Limited 133
Case Study 6.2 New Zealand Rugby Union 138
7 Human resource management 141
Overview 141
What is human resource management? 141
Is human resource management in sport special? 143
The essentials of human resource management 148
