Spine Trauma: Surgical Techniques

393 Pages·2010·42.05 MB·English

by  Alpesh A. Patel (auth.)

Spine Trauma
Vikas V. Patel
Evalina Burger
Courtney W. Brown (Editors)
Spine Trauma
Surgical Techniques
Vikas V. Patel, M.D. Courtney W. Brown, M.D.
Associate Professor Panorama Orthopaedics and Spine Center
Department of Orthopaedics 660 Golden Ridge Road, Suite 250
University of Colorado, Denver Golden, CO 80401
School of Medicine USA
12631 East 17th Avenue [email protected]
Aurora, CO 80045
USA
[email protected]
Evalina Burger, M.D., B.Med.Sc., M.B.Ch.B.
Associate Professor
Senior Orthopaedic Surgeon
Vice Chair, Department of Orthopaedics
University of Colorado, Denver
School of Medicine
12631 East 17th Avenue
Aurora, CO 80045
USA
[email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-642-03693-4 e-ISBN: 978-3-642-03694-1
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03694-1
Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010925788
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To Sir Ludwig Gutman, who personally changed medicine’s attitude
and approach toward catastrophic spine injuries, thus opening the
door for innovative concepts of reconstructing traumatic spine
injuries. Sir Gutman was knighted for his work with injured soldiers
during World War II.
The editors also dedicate this book to their families for their
continuous support and understanding of the time and energy
involved in treating spine injury patients.
Preface
Many textbooks already exist in the ever-changing world of spine surgery, few,
however, focus on spine trauma. The spine trauma books that are available provide
comprehensive historical and mechanistic perspectives on spine trauma with excel-
lent reviews on the thought process and recommendations of treatment. They do not,
however, provide the technical information that is often needed in the trauma setting
when surgeons must make quick decisions and quick plans for surgical treatment.
This is especially important for the junior attending surgeon and, perhaps, for those
who do not cover spine trauma on a daily basis. Thus, the focus of this text is exactly
that situation. It is meant to be used as a quick reference when planning surgical treat-
ment for spine trauma victims. Internationally renowned authors have been assem-
bled to provide details on the basic steps of trauma care including preoperative
planning, patient positioning, equipment needed, surgical steps, postoperative care,
and avoidance and treatment of complications. This is a book that every spine surgeon
should have as a reference and refresher when covering spine trauma call.
Denver, Colorado, USA Vikas V. Patel
Aurora, Colorado, USA Evalina Burger
Golden, Colorado, USA Courtney W. Brown
vii
Acknowledgment
To Heidi Armbruster for her tireless efforts in the organization and logistics of this
endeavor.
ix
Contents
Part I: Cervical
1 Cervical Spinal Stability and Decision Making................... 3
Alpesh A. Patel
2 Clearing the Cervical Spine .................................. 11
Ronald W. Lindsey and Zbigniew Gugala
3 Imaging of Spinal Trauma ................................... 33
Brian Petersen
4 Immunological Response to Spinal Cord Injury:
Impact on the Timing of Spine Fixation ........................ 73
Michael A. Flierl, Kathryn M. Beauchamp,
Anthony Dwyer, and Philip F. Stahel
5 The Role of Orthosis in Spinal Injury .......................... 85
David F. Apple, Courtney W. Brown, and Lesley M. Hudson
6 The Halovest............................................... 95
Anthony Dwyer
7 Direct Anterior Screw Fixation of Odontoid Fractures............ 107
Andrew T. Dailey, Todd D. McCall, and Ronald I. Apfelbaum
8 Occiput–Cervical Fixation ................................... 119
Ciro G. Randazzo, Bryan LeBude, John Ratliff,
and James Harrop
9 C1–2 Fixation: Transarticular Screws.......................... 129
Sohail Bajammal and R. John Hurlbert
10 C1–2 Fixation: Lateral Mass/Pars S crew-Rod Fixation............ 145
Jeffery A. Rihn, David T. Anderson, Ravi Patel,
and Todd J. Albert
xi
xii Contents
11 Closed Reduction of Unilateral and Bilateral
Facet Dislocations........................................... 157
Thomas J. Puschak and Paul A. Anderson
12 Cervical Open Posterior Reduction of Facet Dislocation........... 163
Eric Klineberg and Munish Gupta
13 Open Anterior Reduction of Cervical Facet Dislocation ........... 171
Anh X. Le
14 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Traumatic
Disc Herniation............................................. 177
Ben B. Pradhan
15 Posterior Cervical Fusion for Trauma.......................... 185
F. Cumhur Oner
16 Corpectomy for Burst Fracture ............................... 191
Harel Arzi and Paul M. Arnold
17 Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation .............................. 199
Yasutsugu Yukawa
Part II: Thoracic
18 Thoracic Spinal Stability: Decision Making ..................... 213
Jeremy Smith and Nitin N. Bhatia
19 Anterior Corpectomy with Fixation, Thoracic................... 229
Peter G. Whang, Jonathan N. Grauer,
and Alexander R. Vaccaro
20 Kyphoplasty, Osteoporotic and Traumatic ...................... 243
Yu-Po Lee and Robert A. Keller
21 Costotransversectomy ....................................... 253
Kern Singh
Part III: Thoracolumbar and Lumbar
22 Lumbar Spinal Stability: Decision Making...................... 263
George M. Whaba and Nitin N. Bhatia
23 Posterior Instrumentation for Thoracolumbar
and Lumbar Fracture Dislocation ............................. 271
Christian P. DiPaola and Brian K. Kwon
24 Posterior Decompression Technique for Thoracolumbar
Burst Fracture ............................................. 283
F. Cumhur Oner
Contents xiii
25 Anterior Treatment of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures........... 291
Gene Choi, Eric Klineberg, and Munish Gupta
26 Anterior and Posterior Surgery and Fixation
for Burst Fractures ......................................... 299
Yasutsugu Yukawa
27 Percutaneous/Minimally Invasive Treatment
for Thoracolumbar Fractures................................. 311
Neel Anand, Eli M. Baron, and Mark Dekutoski
Part IV: Sacral
28 Surgical Stabilization Options for Fractures
and Fracture-Dislocations at the Lumbosacral
Junc tion and for Posterior Pelvic Ring
Reconstruction ............................................. 321
Thomas A. Schildhauer, Carlo Bellabarba, M.L. Chip Routt,
and Jens R. Chapman
29 Sacral Screw Fixation ....................................... 335
Todd McCall, Daniel Fassett, and Andrew Dailey
30 Percutaneous Placement of Iliosacral Screws .................... 341
John C. France
31 Iliac Fixation in Trauma ..................................... 351
Robert Morgan
Part V: Special Circumstances
32 Minimally Invasive Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis
and DISH Thoracolumbar Fractures........................... 359
Neel Anand, Eli M. Baron, Rebecca Rosemann,
and Mark Dekutoski
33 Surgical Treatment of Thoracic or Thoracolumbar
Fractures of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) or Diffuse
Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)........................ 365
Courtney W. Brown
34 Traumatic Dural Tears ...................................... 369
Amgad S. Hanna, Ahmad Nassr, and James S. Harrop
35 Civilian Gunshot Injury to the Spine........................... 377
Zbigniew Gugala and Ronald W. Lindsey
36 Complications in Spine Surgery............................... 399
Evalina Burger
Index ......................................................... 405