Spine preparation: factors affecting optimum linkage of paper and adhesive in adhesive bookbinding

87 Pages·2016·9.44 MB·English

Rochester Institute of Technology
RIT Scholar Works
Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections
11-1-1988
Spine preparation: factors affecting optimum
linkage of paper and adhesive in adhesive
bookbinding
Richard Adams
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Adams, Richard, "Spine preparation: factors affecting optimum linkage of paper and adhesive in adhesive bookbinding" (1988).
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Certificate of Approval - Master's Thesis
School of Printing Management and Sciences
Rochester Institute of Technology
Rochester, New York
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
MASTER'S THESIS
This is to certify that the Master's Thesis of
Richard M" Adams, "
With a major in Printing Technology
has been approved by the Thesis Committee as satisfactory
for the thesis requirement for the Master of Science
degree at the convocation of
November, 1988
Thesis Committee: ___W _"_R_e_b_s_a_m_e_n_ __
Thesis Advisor
Joseph L. Noga
Graduate Program Coordinator
Miles Southworth
Director or Designate
Statement for Granting Permission to Reproduce and RIT Thesis
Title of Thesis:
Spine Preparation:
Factors Affecting Optimum Linkage of Paper and Adhesive
in Adhesive Bookbinding
I, RICHARD M. ADAMS, II, hereby grant permission to the Wallace Memorial Library,
Rochester Institute of Technology, to reproduce my thesis in whole or in part.
Any reproduction will not be for commercial use or profit.
Richard M. Adams, II
Spine Preparation:
Factors Affecting Optimum Linkage of Paper and Adhesive
in Adhesive Bookbinding
by
Richard M. Adams, II, Ph.D.
A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements
forthe degree of Master of Science in the
School of Printing Management and Sciences in the
College of Graphic Arts and Photography of the
Rochester Institute of Technology
November, 1988
Thesis Advisor Professor Werner Rebsamen
Research Advisor Dr. Charles A. Layne
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The members of my graduate program committee are deserving of thanks for
their help with this project. The idea forthis study was suggested by my Thesis
Advisor, Prof. Werner Rebsamen, who recruited industry collaboration by speaking in
the central Swiss dialect of German (as well as English), who stayed up late nights
helping to bind books, and who took chapters home with him to comment on results.
Considerable help was also provided by my Research Advisor, Dr. Charles A.
Layne, who offered many cups ofcoffee priorto meaty discussions of statistics. My
third professor, Prof. Joseph E. Brown, helped with the formulation of hypotheses
and the microscopy of paper. Thanks also to Prof. Joseph L. Noga, Graduate
Program Coordinator, for interesting me in the Printing Technology Program and for
his guidance with Institute policies and procedures, and Prof. Miles Southworth,
Director, forthe use of facilities in the School of Printing Management and Sciences.
My experience in the program was enriched considerably by the two graduate
assistantships I held, the first with Prof. Frank J. Cost and the School of Printing
Management and Sciences computer lab, the second with Prof. Noga and Mr. Blair
Richards in the Electronic Color Imaging Lab. Additional valuable experience was
obtained through two independent study projects I did, one with Prof. Robert Chung
to perform colorimetric and densitometric calculations with spreadsheet software,
the otherwith Prof. David Pankow, Curatorof the Melbert B. Cary Graphic Arts
Collection, to help prepare the exhibition, "Seed Money in the Flower City."
Fortechnical assistance with this project, thanks are due to two manufacturers
of binding equipment: Muller Martini Corporation of Hauppauge, Long Island, New
York, particularly Mr. Tom Schwenderer; and Comstock & Wescott of Cambridge,
Massachusetts, especially Mr. Lawrence Rowe, Vice President and General
Manager. Some of these initial contacts were suggested by Mr. Gerald Mielke,
Technical Manager of the Bookbinding Division at FullerAdhesives, a manufacturer
of hotmelt glues. The treatments with Comstock & Wescott equipment were
performed by Mr. Joseph Basile of Rand McNally, Indianapolis, Indiana.
The scanning electron microscope photography was performed in the College
of Science with the help of Prof. Sandy McCormack. Dark-field light microscopy was
done in the Biomedical Photographic Communications Laboratory, with many thanks
due to Prof. Michael Perez and his laboratory assistant, Mr. Corey Meitchek.
Finally, many thanks to the Technical and Education Seminar Center,
especially Messrs. Val Johnson, Jim Lawrence, John Peck and Dave Tontarski, for
the opportunity to take as well as give seminars.
in
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables
v
List of Figures
vi
Abstract
1
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Theoretical Basis 4
Chapter 3 Literature Review 7
Chapter 4 Hypotheses 20
Chapter 5 Research Design and Methodology 22
...
Chapter 6 Results and Discussion 27
Chapter 7 Conclusions 59
Chapter 8 Suggestions for Further Study 67
....
Bibliography 69
iv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 : Characteristics of papers studied 22
....
Table 2: Spine-Roughening Treatments with Page-Pull
Values and Duncan Groupings 27, 60
...
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 : Mean Page-Pull Values for Uncoated-Paper
Treatments 29
Figure 2: Mean Page-Pull Values Coated-Paper
Treatments 29
Figure 3: Surface Area vs. Mean Page-Pull Value for
All Uncoated-Paper Treatments 31
....
Figure 4: Surface Area vs. Mean Page-Pull Value for
Treatments 1 2, 3, 10, 20, 30 on Uncoated Paper 32
,
Figure 5: Surface Area vs. Mean Page-Pull Value for
Treatments 10,16, 24, 48 on Uncoated Paper 32
Figure 6: Correlation of Uncoated and Coated Papers 33
Figure 7: Sensitivity Analysis 37
Figure 8: Production Speed vs. Book Strength 39
...
Figure 9: Scanning Electron Micrographs of Treatments
on Uncoated Paper 42
Figure 10: Scanning Electron Micrographs of Treatments
on Coated Paper 44
Figure 1 1 : Dark-Field Light Micrographs of Treatments
on Uncoated Paper 46
Figure 12: Dark-Field Light Micrographs of Treatments
on Coated Paper 48
Figure 13: Dark-Field Light Micrographs of Treatments
on Unoated Paperwith Glue 50
Figure 14: Dark-Field Light Micrographs of Treatments
on Coated Paperwith Glue 52
vi
ABSTRACT
Adhesive bookbinding, a method of holding trimmed pages together in a
book using hotmelt glue, offers rapid binding and curing time, but has the
disadvantage of poor glue penetration into the paper edges. A weak binding will
result unless good linkage can be made between paper and glue, which is the
objective of spine-roughening treatments.
Eight spine-roughening treatments from three manufacturers were
compared on an uncoated and a coated paper stock, against a control treatment
of trimmed paper. Treatments were studied by light- and scanning electron
microscopic examination of paper edges and by measurement of the mean
page-pull values based on samples of 30 or more page-pulls. The results were
compared with four hypotheses concerning bookbinding strength.
First, when 95 percent confidence intervals were compared, different
spine-roughening treatments were found to produce different bookbinding
strengths, as measured by mean page-pull value. Specifically, almost all ofthe
treatments produced higher page-pull values than the control, showing that these
roughening treatments increased book strength. Some treatments produced
significantly higher page-pull values than others, indicating that some roughening
treatments were betterthan others for binding the two papers studied. The results
of these tests are summarized in the table at the top of the next page.
Secondly, comparing mean page-pull values ranked on the uncoated stock
with those of the coated stock, the relatively low correlation of 0.66 indicated that