Table Of ContentN02ïS 10? FRA(1I(E SEZIES frcm -'. : 'k k!o . .sr.,V1' Interests 17
1 . Hardenlz .g, Tempering and 1 0. Saws and ' ' x y
Heal Treatment Ian Bradley ! - & ztj v .j cain l . .
T . sj jwog a/la yachining t:(
ubal Cain
' 1 1 . Eleciroplat'l- ( p sjns arq Tips .
2 . Vertical MilllnJ 1'n the Home J. Poyner * ' .
; Workshop 1 2 lan BrE dley Y
. Drils, Taps - , .
Arnold Throp Tubal Cair ;: g j ' Aofyegjves and sealants x ' g
3 avid Lammas -0
. Screwcuting in the wL athe 1 3, Workshoir W m . I w workspop s/scjr/cs '- '
Martin Cleeve Tubal Cai y ' yt ,. . . Ajex weiss O
4.
Fourtdrywork for the 14. Making . za workshop construction M* k q
Amateur Tool : . . .
s ' . Jim Forrest and Peter -.
B. Terry Aspin S. Bray , Jonnings .4% a
5. Miling Operations in the 1 5 . Workh' ' ? the Lat . 24. Electric Motors in the Ho ij
TLuabthael Cain 16 . Tubal ( p. workshop j '
,
6. Measuring and Marking EJilmec Ctr ?'s (i' t qe Jpihme Csoaxc kyard Foundry j Hc y : j r.
. .$u nd h U
IMvaenta Llsa w 17 .1G . eLa!r ear Cuting : HB .o Tmerer yw Aosrkpsinh op ypnls . : 7 1 !? ' :'
7. The Art of Welding 18 .Bast hwork , . ( t '.; and Tkys 6
8.
SWh. eAe. Vt Mauestea l Work 1 9. LSeps èjige n anf , r' . rdzitnedl ebsy Vic Smeed t (' . , . .',
R. E .Wakeford Ma lre Arprit Sandhu ')
9. Soldering and Brazing : . 1' .
Tubal Cain ,
: . y( : '
= t
> , , ) >
. . . ..
27. Splndles , v )' =x
. )
...4 t
If you do not own a milling machini d even if you do -ï )an do in your sho K ) ; ' '
is greatly enhanced if you own a s a ortwo with your 1; dles come in ma = - , .
= t
shapes and sizes, ranging from ( n. (19.05 mm) to 2 :.15 mm) in dia C=Z . '
. , : î Y.s
eter, depending on the uses envis jforthem .This boc 's the design, co
. . - .' . !e, ' ' y,
struction and use of a variety of jles that wil be of it tat 9he amateur en
neer. Milling, grinding and drilinf ldles are covered al w ir . u nique I ight ge ) . -. >' ' ' y ,c;% ,.
cutting frame for clockmakers . . t),
7 ;,. u
The emphasis is not on heavy industrial grade spir s bt. ther on spindf ' t
that are easy to make and have zw parts as possible the . ndles except o m= E
use sealed bal bear ings - the cz ltion uses tapered ro I Jear. 3 and thus nee x
c
to have seals installed to protf a bearings. The basic ndle scribed uses t - -1
same spindle nose as t he My1 ,uper 7 Iathe.This alo' aIl ch r Cs, plates, coll w* '
i and closers designed fo rthe ? to be used with this ndle. wever, it can D- 7)
modified for other lathe nose 6 ards. ' > 62 1
z & n m o
' ' : .1 ), z . ?1 1 - 8 s 4 86 - 1 4 9 - p *= o W W = z )S
. , . pu ' Il 1111 1 1 I 1 11 11 l I 1 ' -m ' s'-.A N . 'm , o v ee
, . 1 2 2 7 ., 16 ;: .-x , $ j .j , p w o o
1 . . $ .g j j à , .jJ .(, , jyj y y . ,as ,
,y y .y ys ,y y j
. y '. 1 L .k . g . .j.' .
' ''
) ..xw.ai ----- ---- ... ---. --..y.<t' . . . . . . -.-. , . . ..
R ' YS xY. G/DU UyGl !
oa.
Conients
Nexus Special Interes'ts Ltd. . .. 'l )' $.
1 lntroduction
Nexus House
Boundary W ay 2 Designing a spindle
Hemel Hempstead 3 The basic spindle
Hertfordshire HP2 7ST
England 4 Mounting the spindle 4: !
5 A smaler No 2 Morse taper spindle k,
First published 1 997 6 The micro spindle ' /67 ï
7 1 .000 inch diameter spindle (25mm) ' * 6:
8 1 .250 inch diameter spindle (32mm) 66
@ Text and illustrations Harprit Sandhu 1 997
9 Light, tool-post OD grinding spindle . '1é69 ' ' . ;
10 Light, tool-post mounted ID grinding spindle '? . $
ISBN 1-85486-149-2 1 .500 inch diameter (38mm)
77
1 1 Simple No 1 M orse taper spindle p86 j,
1 2 Vertical spindle or gear cutting frame 92
AI rights reserved. No part of this publication may be ) ' '
13 A spindle with tapered roller bearings 1O2
reproduced in any form, by print, photography, microfilm
or any other means without written permission from 14 Driving the spindles t10
the publisher. 1 5 Notes on using the spindles 1 1 $
1 6 Notes and ancillary information 1 2 4
APPENDIX 1 SI drawings 1 34
APPENDIX 2 UK equivalent tables 1 50
Index j 63 .,
. Typeset by Kate W illiams, London. ;!l'. .
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd., Guildford and King's Lynn.
= - ' ''
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
This is a book about making auxiliary mill- will give years of service in the dirtiest
ing and grinding spindles for use with a environments imaginable but rather they
small Iathe. Although the experienced are designed to be spindles that are easy
engineer might pick up a trick or two, the to make and use in the amateur's work-
book is aimed primarily at beginners. AII shop. I have made every attempt to keep
the spindles can be made in the amateur the number of components needed to
engineer's workshop by anyone with make any spindle to an absolute mini-
average machining skills. The spindles mum. l have tried to minimise the need
are described for making on and use with for sophisticated equipment as well as
the Myford Super 7B Iathe, however they the need for highly skiled work. Of
can be adapted for use with other Iathes necessity, alI the splndles are of one of
with relative ease. two baslc designs, each being easy to
The spindles range in size from 0.750 follow .
inches (1 9.O5mm) in diameter to 2.250 Keeping the designs simple meant that
inches (57.1 5mm) in diameter and are the spindles hadko be of one or two basic
suitable for a variety of purposes. A designs. In one design, two bearings are
novel design for a gear cutting frame that used at the front end and the back bear-
uses sealed ball bearings at each end is ing is free to move in the housing. Both
also included. inside and outside races are clamped on
The book provides the novice amateur the front bearings and only the inner race
engineer with a ready source of informa- is clamped on the back bearing. ln the
'tion and discussion about the construc- second design, only one bearing is used
tion of some of the various types of spin- at each end but both the inner and outer
dles that are needed by the amateur from races of each bearing are clamped or
time to time. W herever appropriate I glued. The second design was slightly
have given reasons behind the decisions harder to build in that it was a Iittle more
made to help give the builder more confi- difficult to get the spacers just right.
dence in his or her decision to make any However, you get a spindle with Iess
*' modifications for experimentation. axial play in the bearings. Since aII
These spindles are not intended to be spindles can be made to either design,
industrial grade, heavy duty spindles that you have a choice as to which design you
1
' '
I .2 '
'.' :!41j
'16-;/ 1'13,3t ! .2 k)*,.:;9.'r43 -,1. 4., ,i.;i ':.2 .) . . .'. . '.: . ' ' . . ,.J!
decide to use on your spindle. You can The micro spindle was my effort at are available, for a small charge, from detail. Alhough this spindle might be a Iit-
also combine features from both designs designing the smallest possible spindle Nexus Special Interests Books, Nexus tIe Iarger than what you had in mind, it is
into the spindle you make. (Spindles with with ball bearings. This has an outside House, Boundary W ay, Hemel Hemp- very versatile. Modify the spindle nose to
glued in bearings are a form of clamped diameter of 0.750 inches (20mm) and stead, Herts HP2 7ST. These drawings suit your lathe and the accessories that
bearing spindles.) the body is 4.000 inches (1O0mm) Iong. are on A4 paper and are available in either you have at hand if you are not the lucky
Since the usefulness of a spindle is Here again I desijned with the Dremel imperial or SI dimensions. owner of a Myford Super 78 Iathe.
completely dependent on the accessories Moto accessories ln mind as a resource. The spindles are designed to be built on Other spindles offerspecial advantages
that can be used with it, I have used This is a spindle more suited to the many a small lathe with a minimal need for mill- that are needed under special circum-
standard lathe nose threads and tapers lathes that are smaller than the Myford ing operations. Most of the work l carried stances or are better suited to smaller
when possible so that aII the standard Super 7. Since I do not have access to out was done on a Myford Super 7 with Iathes orto special setups.
Iathe accessories and other standard one of these Iathes, and have never used the average complement of accessories. I If you decide to make any of the other
components can be used with these spin- one, I was unable to offer a design for a did use a 5.000 inch (10.000 inch in the spindles, first read Chapter 3 a couple of
dles. In particular I used the Myford spindle mounting that l had actually built USA) South Bend Iathe to do the heavy times to get the principles and tech-
Super 7 spindle nose standard with the and used. ln other areas I have presented work when a Iot of material had to be niques described well in mind. It will be a
No 2 MT (Morse taper) on the cartridge some ideas that wil be useful to the more removed. However, alI this work could tremendous help to you in building your
spindle in Chapter 3. This wil alow you resourceful amateurs. have been done on the Myford Super 7. spindle, especialy if you are a beginner.
to use aII the tapers, collets, collet clos- I have also included a couple of designs Much of the succqss ln making any- I could not resist Iooking into what was
ers, mill holders and chucks that are for which essentially only the drawings thing is not simpiy a matter of having a needed to make a spindle with tapered
available for use with this standard spin- are included. The construction of these set of drawings for the project but also bearings. The design that I came uq with
dIe nose. The use of the No 2 MT, which spindles is very similar to the construc- has to do with knowing how to make the is provided for your consideratlon in
allows a % inch shaft to be held very tion of the other spindles in the book so setups and in which sequence to do the Chapter 13. If you first build the 2.250
accurately, makes it much easier to make the repetition of the instructions is work so that it turns out right. I have inch diameter spindle and then decide to .
ar bo rs for clock cutters etc. because avoided by doing this. made an attempt to show the way in aII build this spindle it will be worth your '
t h ese arbors can now be made with I have avoided using any exotic materi- these projects. Both setups and se- while to make it 2.250 inches in diameter
straight shanks and held accurately with aIs altogether and every component and quences with the reasons for using them also so that you do not have to make
relative ease. al the raw materials should be readily are provided. These are especialy critical another set of mounting jlates. My spin- ,
In the small grinding spindle I consid- available on either side of the Atlantic. l in the construction of spindles that are in- dIe is 2.000 inches in dlameter to test '
ered it best if the many arbor mounted have recommended the use of free tended to be high-speed qrecision tools. I how smal a taper bearing spindle could
grinding wheels, cutters and arbors as machining materials throughout. These tnave tried to show the bullder how the in- be. Going to 2.250 inches will alow the
well as the collets and collet closers that materials are easy to use, their machin- herent properties of the Iathe and the use of slightly Iarger bearings and a 1 '
are available for the ubiquitous Dremel ability is equivalent to that of brass. They standard components provided by the inch diameter for the internal spindle at L'
Moto Tool (widely available, but in case are more than strong enough for the manufacturer can be used to their best the bearings.
of difficulty contact Microflame Ltd, ajplications that we have in mind. Their advantage in building these projects. AI the information and drawings need-
Vinces Road, Diss, Norfolk, 1P22 3HQ; sllghtly higher cost will be more than paid The bearings used can be a mixed bag ed to allow construction of the spindles
Tel. 01 379 64481 3) were able to be for by the added pleasure of using these of metric and imperial sized bearings. ln are included in the book. Materials need-
. used with this spindle, These wheels are materials. I have avoided the use of general the sizes are not critical and ed to make the spindles are readily avail-
very inexpensive and serve the needs of exotic tooling except for the use of the whatever is available in your area can be able and every attempt has been made to
the amateur engineer well. Here my main reamers for the Morse tapers. These used by changing a few dimensions. make sure that nothing that is hard to get
interest was to have the ability to grind reamers simplify making these tapers to With reference to the cartridge spindle is included in the projects.
smal parts and tools for projects Iike the point that not using them would be in Chajter 3: if you have a Myford Super I built only those items for which there
clock arbors, pinions and other small counter productive. Since these are not 7 or slmilar Iathe and you are going to are photographs. If you do not have a
parts with precision. This spindle will also tools that you need every day, it might be make only one general-purpose spindle photograph for reference you need to
allow the making of small precision cut- possible to arrange to share with other for your shop, this is the one that you will exercise more caution when building in
ters that are often needed by the amateur amateur engineers. want to consider making. It gives you the that there is a slightly hijher possibility
engineer. W ith a little care and patience, For those who prefer to work from full- greatest versatility of aIl the spindles in of errors in the dimenslons given for
it could also be used to grind fine threads. sized, formal engineering drawings, these the book and is described in the greatest these designs. I did not build any spin-
2 . . ' 'e 3 '.
.
..
, . . . . .. . . . . . . ' . ' . . , . . . E ' , , I . .$- .,t):.j .j!jf .j; .j j<kt) j( ,r.$;k t- .jgj),I ,ï , . ,J,-, . . - .-% . .. - , , , . . , j I, , , .. , ' ,. . ,, ,. ,. . ! I', l ' ,. , . .y. , .4, .9,4t,.t,
. . I ' .' . ' . . . ' I * 1 .' ; ' . . . $ ' 'r. . . .
' ' ' 8
dles to metric dimensions so extra cau-
tl' on l' s needed with these drawings also L ' CHAPTER 2
(
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1
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. They wil be mounted on sealed bal which is a.1 25 inches (79.35mm) on as we can miss the spindle bearings). the equipment at our disposal that does ,
bearings. centre. The larger spindles will have to have not seem to be Iikely, so I am aoinc to
. They wil be belt driven. So the mounting grid looks Iike Figure the studs straddle the spindle as shown suggest that we clamp only th'e iJ'ner
. w e will design for mounting to the 2.1 . W e will start by placing critical com- in Figure 2.3. This takes up more room race of the back bearing and Iet the outer
Myford s7 tables and slides etc. ponents on the grid. At this stage we are but also gives us more space to work race slide back and forth in the housina.
. we wil accommodate the use of working with sketches although I am with. If you analyse the Ioading on the spin Zle E
Myford accessories when possible. showing these as drawings in the book. Now that we know where the spindle you will see that the axial load on the 5
. w e wil design to allow versatility of If we are going to use the Myford nose is with respect to the mounting back bearing is minimal. Its major pur-
use. accessories with this spindle, we need to studs, we can think about placing our pose is to provide radial support for the
. w e wil keep costs down. use the same spindle nose as the Myford bearings to miss the studs. W e need two back end of the spindle. (There are other
. w e will keep down the skill Ievel uses. Let us assume a 2.000 inch diam- bearings, one in the front and one in the ways to control the distance between
needed to build. eter spindle with a Myford spindle nose back. The front bearing is more critical the outer and inner recess of the bearings 2
. w e will Iimit the time needed to at one end and a pulley at the other end. because it is the one that bears most of and some of these are shown in other
build. W e will represent aII this with simple rec- the Ioad and for this reason it should be designs in the book.)
'
. w e will not use exotic materials be- tangles in our sketches. as close to the cutter as possible. W ith The concepts presented above are
. cause they are expensive and hard to Now Iet us position our spindle sketch this in mind we will try to place the front shown in Figure 2.5. Keep in mind that
find. on the grid. Our spindle can be positioned bearing as far forward as we can and this is where we clamp the races. The
'
., . to use either a single grid spacinj or a position the smaler rear bearing as is races are held at their OD by the housing
The Myford mounting slots are 1 .562 double spacing as the conditions dlctate. convenient. and at their ID by the spindle so these di-
inches (39.67mm) on centre and are suit- The next two figures show where the Let us place some bearings in the spin- rections wil be properly constrained if we
able for hold down studs that are 0.250 spindle would be in regard to the grid for turnthespindle partsto closedimensions.
inches (6.a5mm) in diameter. This tels each of these mountings. Each set of arrows represents a clamp-
us that the spindle has to fit on a grid The smaller spindles wil be able to U O O (3> ing device. We need three clamps or
1 .562 inches (39.67mm) on centre. Our make use of the type of mounting shown nuts. The other side from each nut will be
mounting bolts will be either 1 .562 in Figure 2.2 even if the studs have to be either the body of the housing or the
inches (39.67mm) on centre ortwicethat within the housing of the spindle (as long z O O O Z ; .
'
1.x2 inczes o C) o Figure 2.4 Bearings. smhdle. pullev andhole :ruo
added.
r , ï( , O () (3 dIe to see how they Iook for position. .
, j ,w jnojxs ,
, .
' , . In a milling spindle, most of the load is .
. Figure 2.2 Mountlh'g the sgvwtwe on short taken up by the front bearings. Industrial Figure 2.5 Thepoints where thebeanngs
, spaon. g. miling machines often use three and four wtwge cyaswes. vjte (ssxe vearygs arejust
. . . .
, , , , b in s to ether very close to the nose
. *n WO& *t '/và t'me 00 OX#/Or/ theposslblitles.
ear g q
' . C) :) $:3 W e will use Just one in our design. At this
.
stage the basic concepts are in place
. and we are ready to work out the details.
. . . o o o How we hold the bearings will be criti-
g - cal. The front bearings must be integral
1.562 inches=39.675 mm . with the spindle. This means that both
. o o c) . ' the outer and inner races have to be
Figure 2 'd forMvford s7 Clamped tight to the housing and spindle
.1 M ountlïw gn
tables. Studs are 1.562 inches (39.67mm) Fîgure 2.3 Mountlh'g the spht//e for Iong resgectively. It will be best if the back Figure 2.6 The pcvhrs where the nuts -/'// be
bearing is positioned exactly but
on centre ,?? b0th dlkections. spaoïw. . . . , with used.
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the chucks etc. A quick Iook at the bear- between inch and metric dimensions . tions resulted in the selection clamping elements to assure ourselves
consldera
. ing catalogues confirmed that the spindle with the press of a buttonl .Since l am not bearings specified above. Many that there will be no rubbing between the
. of the
design could be accommodated within a used to metr
. ic dimenslons, I was able to other bearings could have been used. Do clamps and the bear.lng seals. Most bear-
2.250 inch (65mm) diameter spindle convert to Inches whenever needed to jet the availability of bearing put you I.ng seals are below the Ievel of the races
h . . . . . not
dlousing with a Iittle work. Thls Iarge spln- conflrm that I was In the ball park. l just off - anY bearing that you can get your but we must make sure. e also w. ant t.o
MeT )d iIaemadeter (to accommodate th. e No 2 don't feel a. t home with. exactly how han(js on can be used. make sure tha't swarf does not flnd Its
s to the need for heavler bear- much 7mm Is but Iam qulte comfortable nearings are made in more forms than way into the space created and eventu-
. . minig
Tllsihn, wg shpicinhd fl oe.r tunately, are desirable in a with 0 .27 55 inches . . r . ' .' .Iy r1o ()u s cthanat jamraeg dienes.i gOneudr ifnotre arexsiat l iIso aind sb eanard- ally rhuein tyh. oeu s eaar.e ls .convertin. g from me. trl.c
e spindle I made uses inch materials Bearings chosen ' ' . , ra dl-al loads. Axial Ioads are along the to inch dlmenslons and vlce versa, It IS
.. . . ...
and metric bearings bOCaUSe that I's the ' axis. ln otlr case We mtlst have sealed wortn wrltlng u, own tnu. e tnu. l.rd and fO urth
hOW it Worked OlX at 'thl's time! To sim- Nose end bearings ' : ' bearings to avol'd having to f it Seals . decimal places in the conversions
17Iify matters, the designs presented in Ntlmber required 2 ' , oeep groove bearings f itted blp back to because they give an indication Of the f it
the book use either aI I'mperial dimen- lnside diameter 1 .000 in (25mm) back (double) or angular contact bearings that we wil be expecting . In close f its
sI'ons Of al Sl dimensions lsee Appendix Outside dI'ameter 2.000 in (5Omm) With seals wil be the best bet. Special 0.0005 inches can make a big dif fer-
1 for SI drawings) . l intend to explain the idth . 0.375 in (1 Omm) bearings to be used back to back are sold ence, Knowing whether is it going to be
reason for using the dimensions that I Seals Both sides .I n p airs and glound to be a perfect pair. loose or tight is a help.
use d whenever applicable. lncidentally Shields None The are however more expensive and ' ' '' '? . .
. y . ,
the new digita! calipers are a real conven- Type Deep grove bearings integral seals are often not available. W e Spindle parts 11st
ience in that they allow you to change with axial and radial will use the back bearing only to hold the The following items are needed for 'the
load capability back of the spindle in the middle of the spindle'.
. .-.$ . E u-,.w.wus
s.vox t . vw s= gs?îty . - s . . A j t e r n at e A ng u I a r c o n ta c t b ea r- h o u s 1- n g . It c a r r 1- e s n o c u tt 1- n g l o a d a x 1- a l l y '
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