Table Of ContentSpinal Cord Injury
Rehabilitation
THERAPY IN PRACTICE SERIES
Edited by Jo Campling
This series of books is aimed at 'therapists' concerned with rehabili
tation in a very broad sense. The intended audience particularly in
cludes occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech therapists,
but many titles will also be of interest to nurses, psychologists, medical
staff, social workers, teachers or voluntary workers. Some volumes are
interdisciplinary, others are aimed at one particular profession. All
titles will be comprehensive but concise, and practical but with due
reference to relevant theory and evidence. They are not research mono
graphs but focus on professional practice, and will be of value to both
students and qualified personnel.
1. Occupational Therapy for Children with Disabilities
Dorothy E. Penso
2. Living Skills for Mentally Handicapped People
Christine Peck and Chia Swee Hong
3. Rehabilitation of the Older Patient
Edited by Amanda J. Squires
4. Physiotherapy and the Elderly Patient
Paul Wagstaff and Davis Coakley
5. Rehabilitation of the Severely Brain-Injured Adult
Edited by Ian Fussey and Gordon Muir Giles
6. Communication Problems in Elderly People
Rosemary Gravell
7. Occupational Therapy Practice in Psychiatry
Linda Finlay
8. Working with Bilingual Language Disability
Edited by Deirdre M. Duncan
9. Counselling Skills for Health Professionals
Philip Burnard
10. Teaching Interpersonal Skills
A handbook of experiential learning for health professionals
Philip Burnard
11. Occupational Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation
Simon B.N. Thompson and Maryanne Morgan
12. Assessing Physically Disabled People at Home
Kathy Maczka
13. Acute Head Injury
Practical management in rehabilitation
Ruth Garner
14. Practical Physiotherapy with Older People
Lucinda Smyth et al.
15. Keyboard, Graphic and Handwriting Skills
Helping people with motor disabilities
Dorothy E. Penso
16. Community Occupational Therapy with Mentally Handicapped
Adults
Debbie Isaac
17. Autism
Professional perspectives and practice
Edited by Kathryn Ellis
18. Multiple Sclerosis
Approaches to management
Edited by Lorraine De Souza
19. Occupational Therapy in Rheumatology
An holistic approach
Lynne Sandles
20. Breakdown of Speech
Causes and remediation
Nancy R. Milloy
21. Coping with Stress in the Health Professions
A practical guide
Philip Burnard
22. Speech and Communication Problems in Psychiatry
Rosemary Gravell and Jenny France
23. Limb Amputation
From aetiology to rehabilitation
Rosalind Ham and Leonard Cotton
24. Management in Occupational Therapy
Zielfa B. Maslin
25. Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease
Edited by Francis I. Caird
26. Exercise Physiology for Health Professionals
Stephen R. Bird
27. Therapy for the Bum Patient
Annette Leveridge
28. Effective Communication Skills for Health Professionals
Philip Burnard
29. Ageing, Healthy and in Control
An alternative approach to maintaining the health of older people
Steve Scrutton
30. The Early Identification of Language Impairment in Children
Edited by James Law
31. An Introduction to Communication Disorders
Diana Syder
32. Writing for Health Professionals
A manual for writers
Philip Burnard
33. Brain Injury Rehabilitation
A neuro-functional approach
Gordon Muir Giles and Jo Clark-Wilson
34. Living with Continuing Perceptuo-motor Difficulties
Theory and strategies to help children, adolescents and adults
Dorothy E. Penso
35. Psychology and Counselling for Health Professionals
Edited by Rowan Bayne and Paula Nicholson
36. Occupational Therapy for Orthopaedic Conditions
Dina Penrose
37. Teaching Students in Clinical Settings
Jackie Stengelhofen
38. Groupwork in Occupational Therapy
Linda Finlay
39. Elder Abuse
Concepts, theories and interventions
Gerald Bennett and Paul Kingston
40. Teamwork in Neurology
Ruth Nieuwenhuis
41. Eating Disorders
A guide for health professionals
Simon B.N. Thompson
42. Community Mental Health
Practical approaches to long-term problems
Steve Morgan
43. Acupuncture in Clinical Practice
A guide for health professionals
Nadia Ellis
44. Child Sexual Abuse
A guide for health professionals
Celia Doyle
Forthcoming titles
Forensic Psychiatry for Health Professionals
Chris Lloyd
Research Methods for Therapists
Avril Drummond
Speech and Language Problems in Children
A practical guide
Dilys A. Treharne
Spinal Cord Injury
Rehabilitation
Karen Whalley Hammell
Occupational Therapist, Saskatchewan, Canada
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
First edition 1995
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1995
OriginalIy published by Chapman & HalI in 1995
Typeset in 1O/12pt Palatino by Florencetype Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon
ISBN 978-0-412-47680-8 ISBN 978-1-4899-4451-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-4451-1
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study,
or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and
Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in
writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only
in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences
issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the
UK. Enquiries concemirtg reproduction outside the terms stated here
should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this
page.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard
to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept
any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be
made.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 94-71813
§
Printed on permanent acid-free text paper, manufactured in
accordance with ANSIINISO Z39 48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).
To Ike
Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements XV
Author's note xvi
Introduction 1
Client-centred practice 1
International Classification of Impairments,
Disabilities and Handicaps 2
Canadian model of occupational performance 2
Independence 3
References 4
1 Rehabilitation and self-determination 5
Introduction 5
Medical model of rehabilitation 7
Educational approach to rehabilitation 9
Model of occupational performance and the
assessment process 10
Goal setting 13
Establishing objectives 15
Identifying attainment of objectives 17
Accountability 18
Compliance and control 19
Active participation: the activated patient and
empowerment in rehabilitation 20
Learned/taught helplessness 22
Locus of control 22
Motivation 24
Relationship between client and therapist 26
Conclusion 29
Acknowledgement 30
Contents
X
References 30
Further reading 32
2 Education as the key to rehabilitation 33
Introduction 33
Learning process 34
Theories of learning 35
How do people 'learn best'? 36
Application of learning theory in rehabilitation 37
Compliance and control 38
Learning and empowerment 39
Problem-solving and learning 40
Peer learning 42
Barriers to learning 43
Learning needs and Maslow's hierarchy 45
Setting goals 47
Family involvement in the learning process 48
Summary 49
References 50
3 Spinal cord injury: aetiology, incidence and
impairments 52
Historical perspective 52
Incidence and prevalence 53
Aetiology of traumatic injury 54
Prevention of traumatic injury 56
Impairment 60
Emergency management 69
Specialized spinal injury units 71
References 72
4 Acute care and reduction of disability 74
Acute care 75
Disability reduction: acute and long-term
management 93
Survival and mortality 111
References 113
5 Engagement in self-care activities 118
Introduction 118
Functional levels 119
