Speech and Language Disorders in Children: Implications for the Social Security Administration’s Supplemental Security Income Program

304 Pages·2016·5.49 MB·English

by  Patti Simon

Committee on the Evaluation of the
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Disability Program
for Children with
Speech Disorders and Language Disorders
Sara Rosenbaum and Patti Simon, Editors
Board on the Health of Select Populations
Board on Children, Youth, and Families
Institute of Medicine
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. SS00-13-60048/0004 between
the National Academy of Sciences and the Social Security Administration. Any
opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication
do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided
support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-38875-7
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-38875-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933601
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/21872
Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies
Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; [phone] or
[phone]; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2016 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
2016. Speech and language disorders in children: Implications for the Social Security
Administration’s Supplemental Security Income Program. Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21872.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of
Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institu-
tion to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members
are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Ralph J.
Cicerone is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the char-
ter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering
to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary
contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was
established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to
advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their
peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau
is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and ad-
vice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and
inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and
research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public
understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
at www.national-academies.org.

COMMITTEE ON THE EVALUATION OF THE SUPPLEMENTAL
SECURITY INCOME (SSI) DISABILITY PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN
WITH SPEECH DISORDERS AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS
SARA ROSENBAUM (Chair), Harold and Jane Hirsh Professor of
Health Law and Policy, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The
George Washington University
WILLIAM J. BARBARESI, Associate Chief, Division of Developmental
Medicine, Director, Developmental Medicine Center, Wade Family
Foundation Chair in Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s
Hospital; Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
STEPHEN M. CAMARATA, Professor of Hearing and Speech Sciences,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
CHRISTINE DOLLAGHAN, Associate Dean and Professor, School of
Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas
SIDNEY M. GOSPE, JR., Herman and Faye Sarkowsky Endowed Chair,
Head, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Professor of Neurology
and Pediatrics, University of Washington
GLORIA L. KRAHN, Barbara Emily Knudson Endowed Chair in Family
Policy Studies, Oregon State University
ELYSA MARCO, Associate Professor of Neurology, University of
California, San Francisco, School of Medicine
MARY PAT MOELLER, Director, Center for Childhood Deafness,
Director, Language Development Laboratory, Boys Town National
Research Hospital
SUSAN L. PARISH, Nancy Lurie Marks Professor of Disability Policy;
Director, Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, and Associate Dean
for Research, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management,
Brandeis University
RAMESH RAGHAVAN, Professor and Associate Dean for Research,
School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
AUDREY M. SORRELLS, Associate Dean of Students for Research and
Associate Professor, The University of Texas at Austin, The College of
Education & The Office of the Dean of Students, Division of Student
Affairs
J. BRUCE TOMBLIN, Emeritus Professor, University of Iowa
KARL R. WHITE, Professor of Psychology and Director, National Center
for Hearing Assessment and Management, Utah State University
v
Consultants
HOWARD H. GOLDMAN, Professor of Psychiatry, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
MICHAEL McGEARY, Former Study Director, Institute of Medicine,
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,
Washington, DC
BARBARA C. SONIES, Research Professor, Department of Hearing and
Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park
Study Staff
PATTI SIMON, Study Director, Senior Program Officer
GUY CARMELI, Senior Program Assistant1
JENNIFER FLAUBERT, Associate Program Officer
ROHIT MUKHERJEE, Senior Program Assistant2
SARA THARAKAN, Research Associate3
FREDERICK “RICK” ERDTMANN, Director, Board on the Health of
Select Populations
KIMBER BOGARD, Director, Board on Children, Youth, and Families4
1 Starting June 2015.
2 Through June 2015.
3 Starting March 2015.
4 Through July 2015.
vi
Acknowledgments
Beyond the work of the study committee and the Institute of Medicine
(IOM) project staff, this report reflects contributions from numerous other
individuals and groups. The committee takes this opportunity to recog-
nize those who so generously gave their time and expertise to inform its
deliberations.
This study was sponsored by the Social Security Administration. We
wish to thank Gina Clemons, Robin Doyle, Joanna Firmin, Marianna
LaCanfora, Scott Marko, Natalie Scannell, Melissa Spencer, Marquita
Sullivan, and Jim Twist for their guidance and support. In addition, the
committee would like to thank the following individuals for their help:
Terrance Flannery, Susan Guberman, Angela Harper, Gene Jerry, Chere
Johnson, Joseph Karevy, Frances Mardesich, Dana Mercer, Stephanie
Myers, Mary Beth Rochowiak, Cheryl A. Williams, Jessica Wisner, and
Amanda Wulf.
The committee greatly benefited from the opportunity for discussion
with the individuals who made presentations at and attended the commit-
tee’s workshops and meetings: Kathy Bainbridge, Stephen J. Blumberg,
Paul S. Davies, Jeffrey Hemmeter, Howard J. Hoffman, Ann P. Kaiser,
Michelle M. Macias, Lemmietta G. McNeilly, Cheryl K. Messick, Meredith
Miceli, Rhea Paul, Kalman Rupp, Steven F. Warren, Nora Wells, and Larry
Wexler. The committee is thankful for the useful contributions of these
many individuals. We extend special thanks to the following individuals
who were essential sources of information, generously giving their time and
knowledge to further the committee’s efforts: Ilhom Akobirshoev, Esther
Son, and Rajan Sonik.
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many staff within the IOM provided support in various ways to this
project. The committee would like to thank Lorraine Bell, Laura DeStefano,
Chelsea Frakes, Greta Gorman, Karen Helsing, Linda Kilroy, Fariha
Mahmud, Maureen Mellody, Bettina Ritter, Julie Wiltshire, and Joel Wu.
The committee gratefully acknowledges Rick Erdtmann, director of the
Board on the Health of Select Populations, for his guidance on this study.
Finally, Rona Briere and Alisa Decatur are to be credited for the superb
editorial assistance they provided in preparing the final report.
Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen
for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this
independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will
assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible
and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity,
evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments
and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the
deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their
review of this report:
Kathy Bainbridge, National Institutes of Health National Institute on
Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
Heidi M. Feldman, Stanford University School of Medicine
Lisa Goffman, Purdue University
George Howard, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Catherine Lord, Weill Cornell Medical College
Susan Nittrouer, University of Florida
Patricia M. Owens, Patricia M. Owens Consultations in Disability
Programs and Policy
Doris Trauner, University of California, San Diego, School of
Medicine
David K. Urion, Boston Children’s Hospital
Steven F. Warren, University of Kansas
ix
x REVIEWERS
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive com-
ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the report’s overall
conclusions, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its re-
lease. The review of this report was overseen by Bradford H. Gray, Urban
Institute, and Rosemary A. Chalk, independent consultant. They were
responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this
report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that
all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final
content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the
institution.