Table Of ContentContributors to This Volume
Kenneth R. Bzoch
Denise Cariski
Virginia L. Dixon Wood
Mary Elbert
Jeffrey L. Elman
F. Joseph Kemker
James L. McClelland
Robert L. McCroskey
Anthony G. Mlcoch
Bruno H. Repp
Paula A. Square
Gary Weismer
SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
Advances in Basic Research and Practice
VOLUME 10
Edited by
NORMAN J. LASS
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology
West Virginia University
Morgantown, West Virginia
1984
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
(Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers)
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84 85 86 87 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions
begin.
Kenneth R. Bzoch (59), College of Health Related Professions, Department of
Communicative Disorders, J. Hillis Miller Health Center, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
Denise Cariski (185), Speech Motor Control Laboratories, Department of Com
municative Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
consin 53706
Virginia L. Dixon Wood (59), College of Health Related Professions, Depart
ment of Communicative Disorders, J. Hillis Miller Health Center, Univer
sity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
Mary Elbert (111), Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Indiana Uni
versity, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
Jeffrey L. Elman (337), Phonetics Laboratory, Department of Linguistics, Uni
versity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
F. Joseph Kemker (59), College of Health Related Professions, Department of
Communicative Disorders, J. Hillis Miller Health Center, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
James L. McClelland (337), Department of Psychology, University of Califor
nia, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
Robert L. McCroskey (141), Department of Communicative Disorders and
Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67208
Anthony G. Mlcoch (1), Speech Pathology and Audiology Service, Veterans
Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois 60141
Bruno H. Repp (243), Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
Paula A. Square (1), Graduate Department of Speech Pathology, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
Gary Weismer (185), Speech Motor Control Laboratories, Department of Com
municative Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
consin 53706
vii
Preface
Volume 10 of Speech and Language: Advances in Basic Research and Prac
tice contains seven contributions on a wide variety of topics. Mlcoch and Square
provide a comprehensive and critical review of the literature on the articulatory
and perceptual characteristics associated with apraxia of speech. Also included is
an historical perspective as well as modern views on models of apraxia of speech
and a discussion of the major conclusions drawn from previous research in regard
to a model of speech production.
The prevention of communicative disorders in cleft palate infants is addressed
by Bzoch, Kemker, and Dixon Wood. The authors discuss some measured facts
concerning their joint experiences over a recent five-year period in managing the
communicative disorders of fifty consecutive infants with congenital cleft lip
and/or palate or related disorders. They present a detailed description of a specif
ic protocol for routine hearing, speech, and language evaluations employed in
their clinic that is designed to include several measurements of parameters of
hearing, speech, and language development and to immediately refer developing
problems for early correction. Also included is a statistical breakdown of data
from their test battery as well as several case study examples of the use of the
battery for team management and decision making purposes.
Elbert discusses the relationship between normal phonological acquisition and
clinical intervention. In addition to describing some of the current work of
linguists on normal acquisition (particularly the move toward a more cognitive
model of acquisition), the author offers data from studies of misarticulating
children that suggest a correspondence between normal acquisition within the
environment with that observed in the clinic and presents some speculations
concerning how the information on normal phonological acquisition might be
used in our clinical procedures in speech-language pathology.
The role of auditory timing in the diagnosis and treatment of speech and
language disorders is addressed by McCroskey. The author reviews the literature
on temporal features in spoken communication, temporal characteristics in vari
ous diagnostic categories (including normal, articulation disorders, learning dis
abilities, reading disorders, second language instruction, and mental retarda
tion), temporal factors and the elderly, temporal factors and academic
achievement, and temporal interactions in clinical and educational environments.
He concludes that,
it appears that there is an auditory temporal continuum and that all individuals fall somewhere
along that continuum. Fortunately, both the redundancy of our language and the redundancy of
our neural systems allow considerable variation in performance without any severe effects on
communication, learning, and social interaction. However, when the time domain is suffi
ciently different from the day-to-day requirements imposed by the rate at which speech must be
perceived, then a breakdown in performance occurs.
ix
X Preface
Weismer and Cariski discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of speak
ers' abilities to control the output of their speech mechanism. They provide
selective reviews of the literature on the control of general motor behavior as
well as the control of speech motor behavior. In addition, they describe the
results of two experiments which represent their preliminary attempts to study
control of intervocalic obstruent durations and voice onset time as well as phrase
durations.
The topic of categorical perception is discussed by Repp. After providing an
historical overview, the author presents models and methods associated with the
empirical assessment of categorical perception and discusses task factors, stim
ulus factors, and subject factors in categorical perception. He also offers some
comments on the limitations of the categorical perception experimental paradigm
and on its relationship to categorical perception in the real word.
Elman and McClelland address the issue of speech perception as a cognitive
process. Specifically, they discuss why speech perception is so difficult a task to
model and why interactive activation models provide an appropriate framework.
They review relevant facts on speech acoustics and speech perception and dis
cuss several previous attempts to model the perception of speech. They also
discuss their own modeling efforts and present the results of several studies
involving a computer simulation of the model. In addition, they consider the
shortcomings of this early version of the model and describe an alternative
formulation which they are currently developing.
It is our intention that the contents of this volume in particular, and of this
serial publication in general, will result in increased discussion and, conse
quently, further investigation of a number of unresolved contemporary issues in
speech and language processes and pathologies that will ultimately lead to their
resolution.
NORMAN J. LASS
Contents of Previous Volumes
Volume 1
The Perception of Speech in Early Infancy
Patricia K. Kuhl
Acoustic-Perceptual Methods for Evaluation of Defective Speech
James F. Lubker
Linguistic and Motor Aspects of Stuttering
Kenneth O. St. Louis
Anatomic Studies of the Perioral Motor System: Foundations for Studies in
Speech Physiology
Jesse G. Kennedy III and James H. Abbs
Acoustic Characteristics of Normal and Pathological Voices
Steven B. Davis
Synergy: Toward a Model of Language
Carol A. Pruning and Judy B. Elliott
SUBJECT INDEX
Volume 2
Functional Articulation Disorders: Preliminaries to Treatment
Ralph L. Shelton and Leija V. McReynolds
The Early Lexicons of Normal and Language-Disordered Children: Develop
mental and Training Considerations
Laurence B. Leonard and Marc E. Fey
The Shaping Group: Habituating New Behaviors in the Stutterer
William R. Leith
The New Theories of Vocal Fold Vibration
David J. Broad
Homonymy and Sound Change in the Child's Acquisition of Phonology
John L. Locke
Conversational Speech Behaviors
Marjorie A. Faircloth and Richard C. Blasdell
Oral Vibrotactile Sensation and Perception: State of the Art
Donald Fucci and Michael A. Crary
SUBJECT INDEX
Volume 3
Theories of Phonological Development
Donald E. Mowrer
xi
XII Contents of Previous Volumes
Phonology and Phonetics as Part of the Language Encoding/Decoding System
Marcel A. A. Tatham
The Application of Phonological Universals in Speech Pathology
John J. Ohala
The Pédiatrie Language Specialist: An Innovative Approach to Early Language
Intervention and the Role of the Speech-Language Clinician
Sol Adler and Iowana A. Whitman Tims
Speech Perception: A Framework for Research and Theory
Dominic W. Massaro and Gregg C. Oden
Velopharyngeal Structure and Function: A Model for Biomechanical Analysis
David Ross Dickson and Wilma Maue-Dickson
Use of Feedback in Established and Developing Speech
Gloria J. Borden
Delayed Auditory Feedback and Stuttering: Theoretical and Clinical Implications
William R. Leith and Claudia C. Chmiel
Biofeedback: Theory and Applications to Speech Pathology
Sylvia M. Davis and Carl E. Drichta
INDEX
Volume 4
Nonlinguistic and Linguistic Processing in Normally Developing and Language-
Disordered Children
Paula Menyuk
Phonological Development during the First Year of Life
Donald E. Mowrer
Speech Fluency and Its Development in Normal Children
C. Woodruff Starkweather
Speech Production Models as Related to the Concept of Apraxia of Speech
Anthony G. Mlcoch and J. Douglas Noll
Aspects of Speech and Orthognathic Surgery
William G. Ewan
Velopharyngeal Function: A Spatial-Temporal Model
Fredericka Bell-Berti
Variations in the Supraglottal Air Pressure Waveform and Their Articulatory
Interpretation
Eric M. Müller and W. S. Brown, Jr.
INDEX
Volume 5
A Critical Review of Developmental Apraxia of Speech
Thomas W. Guyette and William M. Diedrich
Contents of Previous Volumes XIII
Relapse following Stuttering Therapy
Franklin H. Silverman
Analysis and Measurement of Changes in Normal and Disordered Speech and
Language Behavior
Merlin J. Mecham
Physiological, Acoustic, and Perceptual Aspects of Coarticulation: Implications
for the Remediation of Articulatory Disorders
Donald J. Sharf and Ralph N. Ohde
An Empirical Perspective on Language Development and Language Training
Scott F. McLaughlin and Walter L. Cullinan
Elements of Voice Quality: Perceptual, Acoustic, and Physiologic Aspects
Raymond H. Colton and Jo A. Estill
The Resolution of Disputed Communication Origins
Murray S. M iron
INDEX
Volume 6
Auditory Discrimination: Evaluation and Intervention
Charlena M. Seymour, Jane A. Baran, and Ruth E. Reaper
Evaluation and Treatment of Auditory Deficits in Adult Brain-Damaged Patients
Thomas E. Prescott
A Pragmatic Approach to Phonological Systems of Deaf Speakers
D. Kimbrough Oiler and Rebecca E. Filers
Speech and Language Characteristics of an Aging Population
Virginia G. Walker, Carole 7. Hardiman, Dona Lea Hedrick, and Anthony
Holbrook
Language and Cognitive Assessment of Black Children
Harry N. Seymour and Dalton Miller-Jones
Effect of Aberrant Supralaryngeal Vocal Tracts on Transfer Function
Sally J. Peterson-Falzone and Karen L. Landahl
The Human Tongue: Normal Structure and Function and Associated Pathologies
Donald Fucci and Linda Petrosino
From an Acoustic Stream to a Phonological Representation: The Perception of
Fluent Speech
Z. S. Bond
Estimation of Glottal Volume Velocity Waveform Properties: A Review and
Study of Some Methodological Assumptions
Robert E. Hillman and Bernd Weinberg
INDEX
XIV Contents of Previous Volumes
Volume 7
To Hear Is Not to Understand: Auditory Processing Deficits and Factors Influ
encing Performance in Aphasie Individuals
Cynthia M. Shewan
Auditory Processes in Stutterers
Hugo H. Gregory and James Mangan
A Review of Research on Speech Training Aids for the Deaf
Richard P. Lippmann
A New Era in Language Assessment: Data or Evidence
John R. Muma, Rosemary Lubinski, and Sharalee Pierce
Quantification of Language Abilities in Children
Rachel E. Stark, Paula Tallal, and E. David Mellits
Communication Behavior Assessment and Treatment with the Adult Retarded:
An Approach
Nathaniel O. Owings and Thomas W. Guyette
Distribution and Production Characteristics of /s/ in the Vocabulary and Spon
taneous Speech of Children
John V. Irwin
Speech Processes in Reading
Charles A. Perfetti and Deborah McCutchen
Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Vocal Fold
Minoru Hirano, Yuki Kakita, Koichi Ohmaru, and Shigejiro Kurita
Jitter and Shimmer in Sustained Phonation
Vicki L. Heiberger and Yoshiyuki Horii
Boundary: Perceptual and Acoustic Properties and Syntactic and Statistical
Determinants
Noriko Umeda
INDEX
Volume 8
Toward Classification of Developmental Phonological Disorders
Lawrence D. Shriberg
Patterns of Misarticulation and Articulation Change
Patricia A. Broen
The Development of Phonology in Unintelligible Speakers
Frederick F. Weiner and Roberta Wacker
Determining Articulatory Automatization of Newly Learned Sounds
Walter H. Manning and Edward A. Shirkey
Conversational Turn-Taking: A Salient Dimension of Children's Language
Learning
Louis J. DeMaio
