Speech and language : advances in basic research and practice

346 Pages·1982·17.926 MB·Speech and Language 8

by  Norman J Lass

Contributors to This Volume
Lynne E. Bernstein
Patricia A. Broen
Hugh W. Buckingham, Jr.
Louis J. DeMaio
K. Dale Gronhovd
Nancy S. McGarr
Walter H. Manning
Mary Joe Osberger
Edward A. Shirkey
Lawrence D. Shriberg
Roberta Wacker
Frederick F. Weiner
Anthony A. Zenner
SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
Advances in Basic Research and Practice
VOLUME 8
Edited by
NORMAN J. LASS
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology
West Virginia University
Morgantown, West Virginia
1982
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List of Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contri-
butions begin.
Lynne E. Bernstein (191), Division of Hearing and Speech, The John F.
Kennedy Institute for Handicapped, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Patricia A. Broen (19), Department of Communication Disorders, Univer-
sity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Hugh W. Buckingham, Jr. (313), Interdepartmental Program in Linguis-
tics and Department of Speech, Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70303
Louis J. DeMaio (159), Department of Speech/Language/Hearing Sci-
ences, Moorhead State University, Moorhead, Minnesota 56560
K. Dale Gronhovd (285), Department of Speech/Language/Hearing Sci-
ences, Moorhead State University, Moorhead, Minnesota 56560
Walter H. Manning (127), Department of Audiology and Speech Pathol-
ogy, Memphis State University, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
Nancy S. McGarr (221), Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
06510, and Center for Research in Speech and Hearing Sciences, City
University of New York, New York, New York, 10036
Mary Joe Osberger (221), The Boys Town Institute for Communication
Disorders in Children, Omaha, Nebraska 68131
Edward A. Shirkey1 (127), Department of Audiology and Speech Pathol-
ogy, Memphis State University, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
Lawrence D. Shriberg (1), Department of Communicative Disorders, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Roberta Wacker (51), Communication Disorders, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Frederick F. Weiner (51), Communication Disorders, The Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Anthony A. Zenner (285), Private Practice, 2738 Lakeville Drive, Tampa,
Florida 33618
1 PRESENT ADDRESS: Division of Hearing and Speech Sciences, School of Medicine,
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
ix
Preface
Volume 8 of Speech and Language: Advances in Basic Research and
Practice contains nine contributions on a wide variety of topics. Shriberg
asserts that there are identifiable subgroups of children within the group
classified as having functional or developmental speech disorders and
supports a return to the medical model of speech-language disorders.
After reviewing differences between genetic and typologie classifications
and illustrating typologies used in phonological disorders, he presents a
provisional classification system and some representative data.
The impact of linguistic theory on the description and treatment of
articulation disorders is discussed by Broen. In addition to presenting
taxonomic and generative theories of phonology and the manner in which
the study of normal and disordered child phonology has been affected by
these theoretical positions, the author presents the results of her study
which attempted to describe the child's phonological system, modify cer-
tain aspects of the system, and determine the effects ofthat modification
on the system as a whole. Also included is a description of patterns of
misarticulation and articulation change.
Weiner and Wacker review the literature on speech-sound develop-
ment in normally developing and deviant children, including the studies of
the 1930s and 1950s, the methodological criticisms leveled against these
early studies, refinements of traditional measures of speech-sound devel-
opment, as well as studies on distinctive feature development, phonologi-
cal process development, and development of a phonetic inventory. They
also present the results of their longitudinal investigation whose purpose
was to examine, over a 1-year period, the phonological development of
both young normal-speaking children and children judged to be unintelli-
gible.
The issue of how to determine the performance of misarticulating
speakers outside the treatment setting is addressed by Manning and
Shirkey. The authors provide a review of investigations on extratreatment
performance and discuss in detail the variables that affect such perfor-
mance, including discrimination training, response contingencies, atti-
tude and affective influences, as well as response stability.
DeMaio addresses the topic of children's conversational turn-taking,
including a review of the literature on the following aspects: functional
and structural approaches to the study of conversational turn-taking,
characteristics of turn-taking during language development, as well as
salient characteristics and clinical implications of conversational turn-
taking in children. He also presents in detail the results of his own re-
search on the patterning of children's conversational exchanges with
mothers and peers.
xi
xii Preface
Ontogenetic changes in children's speech-sound perception are dis-
cussed by Bernstein. In addition to a review of the literature on phonolog-
ical development and categorical perception in children, Bernstein dis-
cusses in detail the implications of these studies and concludes "that our
understanding of speech perception will be incomplete and probably inac-
curate if we do not study speech perception during childhood. Future
research will need to probe further the conditions and processes of per-
ceptual development. . . . there is yet much to be learned about how
speech perception evolves during childhood."
Osberger and McGarr discuss the speech production characteristics of
the hearing impaired, including developmental aspects, articulatory and
nonarticulatory patterns, mechanisms of production control, and speech
intelligibility. They also discuss the implications of the available data for
the development of assessment and training techniques for the hearing-
impaired population.
A rationale and procedures for the management of anxiety in stutterers
are addressed by Gronhovd and Zenner. The authors review the scope of
the problem of stuttering and present three prominent theoretical posi-
tions on anxiety in stuttering. They support the treatment of anxiety in
stutterers because 'Our experience suggests that many stutterers have
failed in therapy, not because their behavioral programs were inadequate,
but because anxiety reactions to situations, disfluency, and minor blocks
prevented them from effectively using their behavioral controls at critical
times."
Buckingham addresses critical issues in the linguistic study of aphasia
by tracing the continuity and change in such study from the late nine-
teenth century to the present. In addition to presenting theories and find-
ings, he provides a critical review, evaluating the works discussed. In-
cluded are discussions of the nineteenth-century neurologists, the
nineteenth-century linguists, early twentieth-century structuralism, early
generative grammar, phonology, agrammatism and linguistic models, as
well as neologistic jargon. He remarks that "ultimately, we strive for a
proper synthesis of linguistics, psychology, neurology, computer science
and cognitive science for a total explication of language and the brain.
That synthesis will surely bear fruit."
It is our intention that the contents of this volume in particular, and of
this serial publication in general, will result in increased discussion and,
consequently, further investigation of a number of unresolved contempo-
rary issues in speech and language processes and pathologies that will
ultimately lead to their resolution.
NORMAN J. LASS
Contents of Previous Volumes
Volume 1
The Perception of Speech in Early Infancy
Patricia K. Kuhl
Acoustic-Perceptual Methods for Evaluation of Defective Speech
James F. Lubker
Linguistic and Motor Aspects of Stuttering
Kenneth O. St. Louis
Anatomic Studies of the Perioral Motor System: Foundations for Studies
in Speech Physiology
Jesse G. Kennedy HI and James H. Abbs
Acoustic Characteristics of Normal and Pathological Voices
Steven B. Davis
Synergy: Toward a Model of Language
Carol A. Pruning and Judy B. Elliott
SUBJECT INDEX
Volume 2
Functional Articulation Disorders: Preliminaries to Treatment
Ralph L. Shelton and Leija V. McReynolds
The Early Lexicons of Normal and Language-Disordered Children:
Developmental and Training Considerations
Laurence B. Leonard and Marc E. Fey
The Shaping Group: Habituating New Behaviors in the Stutterer
William R. Leith
The New Theories of Vocal Fold Vibration
David J. Broad
Homonymy and Sound Change in the Child's Acquisition of Phonology
John L. Locke
Conversational Speech Behaviors
Marjorie A. Faircloth and Richard C. Blasdell
Oral Vibrotactile Sensation and Perception: State of the Art
Donald Fucci and Michael A. Crary
SUBJECT INDEX
Volume 3
Theories of Phonological Development
Donald E. Mowrer
xiii
XIV Contents of Previous Volumes
Phonology and Phonetics as Part of the Language Encoding/Decoding
System
Marcel A. A. Tatham
The Application of Phonological Universals in Speech Pathology
John J. Ohala
The Pédiatrie Language Specialist: An Innovative Approach to
Early Language Intervention and the Role of the Speech-Language
Clinician
Sol Adler and Iowana A. Whitman Tims
Speech Perception: A Framework for Research and Theory
Dominic W. Massaro and Gregg C. Oden
Velopharyngeal Structure and Function: A Model for Biomechanical
Analysis
David Ross Dickson and Wilma Maue-Dickson
Use of Feedback in Established and Developing Speech
Gloria J. Borden
Delayed Auditory Feedback and Stuttering: Theoretical and Clinical
Implications
William R. Leith and Claudia C. Chmiel
Biofeedback: Theory and Applications to Speech Pathology
Sylvia M. Davis and Carl E. Drichta
INDEX
Volume 4
Nonlinguistic and Linguistic Processing in Normally Developing and Lan-
guage-Disordered Children
Paula Menyuk
Phonological Development during the First Year of Life
Donald E. Mowrer
Speech Fluency and Its Development in Normal Children
C. Woodruff Starkweather
Speech Production Models as Related to the Concept of Apraxia of
Speech
Anthony G. Mlcoch and J. Douglas Noll
Aspects of Speech and Orthognathic Surgery
William G. Ewan
Velopharyngeal Function: A Spatial-Temporal Model
Fredericka Bell-Berti
Variations in the Supraglottal Air Pressure Waveform and Their Articula-
tory Interpretation
Eric M. Müller and W. S. Brown, Jr.
INDEX
Contents of Previous Volumes XV
Volume 5
A Critical Review of Developmental Apraxia of Speech
Thomas W. Guyette and William M. Diedrich
Relapse following Stuttering Therapy
Franklin H. Silverman
Analysis and Measurement of Changes in Normal and Disordered Speech
and Language Behavior
Merlin J. Mecham
Physiological, Acoustic, and Perceptual Aspects of Coarticulation: Impli-
cations for the Remediation of Articulatory Disorders
Donald J. Sharf and Ralph N. Ohde
An Empirical Perspective on Language Development and Language
Training
Scott F. McLaughlin and Walter L. Cullinan
Elements of Voice Quality: Perceptual, Acoustic, and Physiologic As-
pects
Raymond H. Colton and Jo A. Estill
The Resolution of Disputed Communication Origins
Murray S. M iron
INDEX
Volume 6
Auditory Discrimination: Evaluation and Intervention
Charlena M. Seymour, Jane A. Baran, and Ruth E. Peaper
Evaluation and Treatment of Auditory Deficits in Adult Brain-Damaged
Patients
Thomas E. Prescott
A Pragmatic Approach to Phonological Systems of Deaf Speakers
D. Kimbrough Oiler and Rebecca E. Filers
Speech and Language Characteristics of an Aging Population
Virginia G. Walker, Carole J. Hardiman, Dona Lea Hedrick, and
Anthony Holbrook
Language and Cognitive Assessment of Black Children
Harry N. Seymour and Dalton Miller-Jones
Effect of Aberrant Supralaryngeal Vocal Tracts on Transfer Function
Sally J. Peterson-Falzone and Karen L. Landahl
The Human Tongue: Normal Structure and Function and Associated Pa-
thologies
Donald Fucci and Linda Petrosino
From an Acoustic Stream to a Phonological Representation: The Percep-
tion of Fluent Speech
Z. S. Bond
XVI Contents of Previous Volumes
Estimation of Glottal Volume Velocity Waveform Properties: A Review
and Study of Some Methodological Assumptions
Robert E. Hillman and Bernd Weinberg
INDEX
Volume 7
To Hear Is Not to Understand: Auditory Processing Deficits and Factors
Influencing Performance in Aphasie Individuals
Cynthia M. Shewan
Auditory Processes In Stutterers
Hugo H. Gregory and James Mangan
A Review of Research on Speech Training Aids for the Deaf
Richard P. Lippmann
A New Era In Language Assessment: Data or Evidence
John R. Muma, Rosemary Lubinski, and Sharalee Pierce
Quantification of Language Abilities in Children
Rachel E. Stark, Paula Tallal, and E. David Mellits
Communication Behavior Assessment and Treatment with the Adult
Retarded: An Approach
Nathaniel O. Owings and Thomas W. Guyette
Distribution and Production Characteristics of /s/ in the Vocabulary and
Spontaneous Speech of Children
John V. Irwin
Speech Processes in Reading
Charles A. Perfetti and Deborah McCutchen
Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Vocal Fold
Minoru Hirano, Yuki Kakita, Koichi Ohmaru, and Shigejiro Kurita
Jitter and Shimmer in Sustained Phonation
Vicki L. Heiberger and Yoshiyuki Horii
Boundary: Perceptual and Acoustic Properties and Syntactic and
Statistical Determinants
Noriko Urne da
INDEX