Specialist Yarn and Fabric Structures: Developments and Applications (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles)

382 Pages·2011·14.63 MB·English

by  R. Hugh Gong

Specialist yarn and fabric structures
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
The Textile Institute and Woodhead Publishing
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© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles: Number 123
Specialist yarn and
fabric structures
Developments and applications
Edited by
R. H. Gong
Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited in association with The Textile Institute
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First published 2011, Woodhead Publishing Limited
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2011935506
ISBN 978-1-84569-757-0 (print)
ISBN 978-0-85709-393-6 (online)
ISSN 2042-0803 Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles (print)
ISSN 2042-0811 Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles (online)
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© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
Contents
Contributor contact details xi
Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles xiii
1 Compound yarns 1
T. C HEN , Soochow University, China
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Types of compound yarns 1
1.3 Production methods for compound yarns 5
1.4 Applications of compound yarns 13
1.5 Future trends in compound yarns 14
1.6 Sources of further information and advice 19
1.7 References 19
2 Developments in hybrid yarns 21
H. R. MA NKODI , M. S. University of Baroda, India
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Types of hybrid yarns and their development 22
2.3 Basic structures and properties of hybrid yarns 24
2.4 Production methods for hybrid yarns 26
2.5 Applications of hybrid yarns 49
2.6 Future trends in hybrid yarns 52
2.7 Acknowledgements 53
2.8 References 54
3 Developments in rope structures and technology 56
J. W. S. HE ARLE , University of Manchester, UK
3.1 Introduction 56
3.2 New fi bres 57
3.3 Laid ropes 59
3.4 Braided ropes 60
3.5 Low-twist ropes 63
v
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
vi Contents
3.6 Manufacturing technology 65
3.7 Terminations 69
3.8 Uses of ropes 71
3.9 Conclusions 74
3.10 References 74
4 Developments in fancy yarns 75
R. WR IGHT , Racheland Designs, UK
4.1 Introduction to fancy yarns 75
4.2 Historical development 76
4.3 Types of fancy yarns and their development 78
4.4 Production methods for fancy yarns 87
4.5 Applications for fancy yarns 104
4.6 Future trends in fancy yarns 106
4.7 Sources of further information and advice 107
4.8 Bibliography 108
5 Developments in 3D knitted structures 109
Z . GU O , Zhongyuan University of Technology, China
5.1 Introduction to 3D knitted structures 109
5.2 Multiaxial warp-knitted fabrics 109
5.3 Space fabrics (or sandwich fabrics) 112
5.4 Fully-fashioned 3D knitted fabrics (or near-net-shaped
knitted fabrics) 116
5.5 Bibliography 116
6 Developments in leno-weave fabrics 118
Y. C HEN , Soochow University, China
6.1 Introduction to leno-weave fabrics 118
6.2 The structure of leno-weave fabrics 119
6.3 Fabrics with leno-weave 123
6.4 The production of leno-weave fabrics 125
6.5 Properties of leno-weave fabrics 133
6.6 Applications of leno-weave fabrics 134
6.7 Future trends in leno-weave fabrics 136
6.8 Sources of further information and advice 140
6.9 References 140
7 Developments in triaxial woven fabrics 141
T. T YLER , Consultant, UK
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 Basic patterns 141
7.3 A history of triaxial woven fabrics 144
7.4 Classifi cation 148
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
Contents vii
7.5 Variations 148
7.6 Properties 152
7.7 Advantages 153
7.8 Applications 154
7.9 Aesthetics 157
7.10 Manufacturing 158
7.11 Future trends 160
7.12 Sources of further information and advice 161
7.13 References 161
8 Interwoven fabrics and their applications 164
X. CH EN , University of Manchester, UK
8.1 Introduction 164
8.2 Structure and design 168
8.3 Properties and applications 185
8.4 Future trends 186
8.5 Sources of further information and advice 186
8.6 References 187
9 Pile carpets 188
G. H. C RAWSHAW , formerly of the IWS Interior Textiles
Group, UK
9.1 Market background 188
9.2 Environmental considerations 190
9.3 Pile fi bres 192
9.4 Pile yarns 196
9.5 Tufting 198
9.6 Backing materials, back-coating and laminating 205
9.7 Wireloom weaving 207
9.8 Face-to-face weaving 208
9.9 Axminster weaving 211
9.10 Needling 213
9.11 Other methods of manufacture 214
9.12 Coloration 215
9.13 Chemical and other treatments 216
9.14 Textile sports surfaces 217
9.15 Sources of further information and advice 220
9.16 References 220
10 Developments in Jacquard woven fabrics 223
A. M. SE YAM , North Carolina State University, USA
10.1 Introduction to Jacquard woven fabrics 224
10.2 Jacquard construction 229
10.3 Converting artwork to woven Jacquard patterns 241
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
viii Contents
10.4 Recent developments in Jacquard systems 242
10.5 Patterns in Jacquard woven fabrics 249
10.6 Applications of Jacquard woven fabrics 254
10.7 Relationship between structures and properties of
Jacquard woven fabrics 257
10.8 Future trends in Jacquard woven fabrics 259
10.9 Sources of further information and advice 262
10.10 References 262
11 Developments in 3D nonwovens 264
R. H. GO NG , University of Manchester, UK
11.1 Introduction 264
11.2 High-bulk fl at nonwovens 266
11.3 Shaped 3D nonwovens 273
11.4 Future trends 284
11.5 References 284
12 Flocked fabrics and structures 287
Y. K. K IM , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA
12.1 Introduction 287
12.2 The theory of fi ber coating 290
12.3 Flock fi bers and preparation 297
12.4 Flocking substrates 300
12.5 Adhesives for fl ocking 301
12.6 Flocking processes 303
12.7 Testing and quality assurance 308
12.8 New developments in the application of fl ocked fabrics
and structures 311
12.9 Conclusions and future trends 314
12.10 Sources of further information and advice 315
12.11 Acknowledgements 315
12.12 References 316
13 Knotted fabrics 318
L. P HILPOTT , International Guild of Knot Tyers Pacifi c
Americas branch, USA
13.1 Introduction 318
13.2 Types of knotted fabrics 321
13.3 Production methods for knotted fabrics 326
13.4 Applications for knotted fabrics 329
13.5 Future trends for knotted fabrics 331
13.6 Sources of further information and advice 331
13.7 References 332
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011
Contents ix
14 Developments in braided fabrics 333
P. PO TLURI and S. N AWAZ , University of Manchester, UK
14.1 Introduction 333
14.2 Braiding 334
14.3 Classifying braids 338
14.4 The geometry of the braided structure 344
14.5 Applications of braided fabrics 347
14.6 Future trends in braided fabrics 351
14.7 References 353
Index 355
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011