Table Of Content_SReaking of AR_eS_
A Critical Anthology of
Two-Way Communication with Man
TOPICS IN CONTEMPORAR Y SEMIOTICS
Series Editors: Thomas A. Sebeok and Jean Umiker-Sebeok
Indiana University
SPEAKING OF APES
Edited by Thomas A. Sebeok and Jean Umiker-Sebeok
_SQeaking of AIJ_e_s _
A Critical Anthology of
Two-Way Communication with Man
Edited by
Thomas A. Sebeok
and
Jean Umiker-Sebeok
Indiana University
Bloomington, Indiana
Plenum Press . New York and London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Speaking of apes.
(Topics in contemporary semiotics) Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Chimpanzees-Psychology. 2. Human-animal communication. 3. Language
and languages; 4. Animal communication. I. Sebeok, Thomas Albert, 1920-
II. Umiker-Sebeok, Jean.
QL 737. P96S63 599' .884 79-17714
ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3014-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-3012-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3012-7
© 1980 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1980
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microiJ1ming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Oskar Pfungst
( 1874-1932)
CONTRIBUTORS
URSULA BELLUGI, The Salk Institute, San Diego, California
T. G. BEVER, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New
York
SALL Y BOYSEN, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia
JACOB BRONOWSKI, Late of The Salk Institute, San Diego, California
ROGER BROWN, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
N OAM CHOMSKY, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
ROGER S. FOUTS, Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman,
Oklahoma
BEATRICE T. GARDNER, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno,
Nevada
R. ALLEN GARDNER, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno,
Nevada
ALICE F. HEALY, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut
H. HEDIGER, Emeritus, University of Zurich, Switzerland
JANE H. HILL, Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit,
Michigan
WINTHROP N. KELLOGG, Late of the Department of Psychology, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida
ERIC H. LENNEBERG, Late of the Department of Psychology, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
JOHN LIMBER, Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Dur-
ham, New Hampshire
WILLIAM A. MALMI, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Con-
cord, California
PETER MARLER, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
DAVID McNEILL, Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Chicago, Chi-
cago, Illinois
GEORGES MOUNIN, Universite de Provence, Aix-en-Provence, France
RANDALL L. RIGBY, HHB 2/17 FA, APO SF %251
DUANE M. RUMBAUGH, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University,
Atlanta, Georgia
E. SUE SAVAGE-RUMBAUGH, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia
THOMAS A. SEBEOK, Research Center for Language and Semiotic Studies, Indiana
University, Bloomington, Indiana
H. S. TERRACE, Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New
York
JEAN UMIKER-SEBEOK, Research Center for Language and Semiotic Studies, Indi-
ana University, Bloomington, Indiana
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editors wish to thank the following for permission to reprint copyrighted mate-
rials in this book:
"Communication and Language in the Home-Raised Chimpanzee," by Win-
throp N. Kellogg. Science 162, 423-427. Copyright 1968 by the American Associ-
ation for the Advancement of Science. Reprinted by permission of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science.
"A Word Between Us," by Eric H. Lenneberg. In Communication, edited by
John D. Roslansky, p. 111-131. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1969. Reprinted with
permission of the publisher and Mrs. Lenneberg.
"The First Sentences of Child and Chimpanzee," by Roger Brown. Psycho-
linguistics. Selected Papers by Roger Brown, pp. 208-231. New York: Free Press.
Copyright 1970 by The Free Press, a Division of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.
Reprinted with permission of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. and the author.
"Language, Name and Concept," by Jacob Bronowski and Ursula Bellugi.
Science 168, 669-673. Copyright 1970 by the American Association for the
Advancement of Science. Reprinted with permission of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, Dr. Bellugi, and Mrs. Bronowski.
"Of Language Knowledge, Apes, and Brains," by Eric H. Lenneberg. Journal
of Psycholinguistic Research 1, 1-29. Copyright 1971 by Plenum Publishing Corp.
Reprinted with permission of the editor, publisher, and Mrs. Lenneberg.
"Can Chimpanzees Learn a Phonemic Language?" by Alice F. Healy. Journal
of Psycholinguistic Research 2, 167-170. Copyright 1973 by Plenum Publishing
Corp. Reprinted with permission of the editor, publisher, and author.
"Sentence Structure in Chimpanzee Communication," by David McNeill. In
The Growth of Competence , edited by Kevin Connolly and Jerome Bruner, pp. 75-
94. Copyright 1974 by Academic Press, Ltd. Reprinted with permission of the pub-
lisher and author.
"Language, Communication, Chimpanzees," by Georges Mounin, Current
Anthropology 17, 1-7. Copyright 1976 by the University of Chicago Press.
Reprinted with permission of the publisher and author.
"What Might Be Learned from Studying Language in the Chimpanzee?" by
H. S. Terrace and T. G. Bever. In Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech,
ix
x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
edited by S. R. Hamad, H. D. Steklis, and J. Lancaster, pp. 579-588 (Annals of
the New York Academy of Sciences 280), 1976. Reprinted with permission of the
New York Academy of Sciences and the authors.
"Chimpanzees and Language Evolution," by William A. Malmi. In Origins
and Evolution of Language and Speech, edited by S. R. Hamad, H. D. Steklis, and
J. Lancaster, pp. 598-603. (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280),
1976. Reprinted with permission ofthe New York Academy of Sciences.
"Language in Child and Chimp?" by John Limber. American Psychologist 32,
280-295. Copyright 1977 by the American Psychological Association. Reprinted
with permission ofthe American Psychological Association and the author.
"Primate Vocalization: Mfective or Symbolic?" by Peter Marler. In Progress
in Ape Research, edited by Geoffrey H. Bourne, pp. 85-96. New York: Academic
Press, Inc. Copyright 1977 by Academic Press, Inc. Reprinted with permission of
the publisher and author.
"Language Behavior of Apes," by Duane M. Rumbaugh. In Behavioral Pri-
matology, edited by A. M. Schrier, pp. 105-138. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erl-
baum. Copyright 1977 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Reprinted with per-
mission of the publisher and author.
"Man-Chimpanzee Communication," by Roger S. Fouts and Randall L.
Rigby. In How Animals Communicate, edited by Thomas A. Sebeok, pp. 1034-
1054. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Reprinted with permission of the
publisher and authors.
"Comparative Psychology and Language Acquisition," by R. Allen and Bea-
trice T. Gardner. In Psychology: The State of the Art, edited by Kurt Salzinger and
Florence L. Denmark, pp. 37-76. (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
309),1978. Reprinted with permission of the New York Academy of Sciences and
the authors.
"Apes and Language," by Jane H. Hill. Annual Review of Anthropology 7,
89-112. Copyright 1978 by Annual Reviews, Inc. Reprinted with permission of
Annual Reviews, Inc. and the author.
"Linguistically-Mediated Tool Use and Exchange by Chimpanzees (Pan Trog-
lodytes)," by E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, Duane M. Rumbaugh and Sally Boysen.
The Behavioral and Brain Science 4, 539-554, 1978. Copyright 1979 by Cambridge
University Press. Reprinted with permission of the publisher and authors.
"Is Problem-Solving Language?" by H. S. Terrace. Journal of the Experimen-
tal Analysis of Behavior 31, 161-175, 1979. Copyright 1979 by the Society for the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Reprinted with permission of the Society for
the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and author.
"Looking in the Destination for What Should Have Been Sought in the
Source," by Thomas A. Sebeok. In The Sign & Its Masters. Austin: University of
Texas Press, 1979. Reprinted with permission of the publisher and author.
