SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF AQUATIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN KUTTANAD WETLAND ...

139 Pages·2015·5.5 MB·English

SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF AQUATIC INVASIVE
PLANTS IN KUTTANAD WETLAND ECOSYSTEM

By
KRISHNAVENI R Y
(2010-20-104)

ACADAMY OF CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
VELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR – 680 656
KERALA, INDIA
2015
SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF AQUATIC
INVASIVE PLANTS IN KUTTANAD WETLAND
ECOSYSTEM

By
KRISHNAVENI R Y
(2010-20-104)

THESIS
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of
BSc-MSc Integrated Climate Change Adaptation
Faculty of Agriculture
Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur

ACADAMY OF CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION AND
RESEARCH
VELLANIKKARA, THRISSUR – 680 656
KERALA, INDIA
ii

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF
AQUATIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN KUTTANAD WETLAND ECOSYSTEM” is
a bonafide record of research done by me during the course of research and that the
thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award to me of any degree, diploma,
associateship, fellowship or other similar title of any other University or Society.

Vellanikkara, Krishnaveni R.Y
Date: (2010-20-104)
iii

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this thesis, entitled “SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF
AQUATIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN KUTTANAD WETLAND ECOSYSTEM” is
a record of research work done independently by Ms. Krishnaveni R.Y (2010-20-104)
under my guidance and supervision and that it has not previously formed the basis for
the award of any degree, diploma, fellowship or associateship to her.

Vellanikkara, Er.Vishnu.B
Date: (Chairman, Advisory Committee)
Assistant Professor
Department of Irrigation& Drainage
Engineering
KCAET, Tavanur
iv

CERTIFICATE

We, the undersigned members of the advisory committee of Ms. Krishnaveni R.Y.,
(2010-20-104) a candidate for the degree of BSc-MSc (Integrated) Climate Change
Adaptation, agree that the thesis entitled “SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION
OF AQUATIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN KUTTANAD WETLAND
ECOSYSTEM” may be submitted by Ms. Krishnaveni R.Y., in partial fulfilment of
the requirement for the degree.

Er. Vishnu B Dr. Kurien E.K
(Chairman, Advisory Committee) (Member, Advisory Committee)
Assistant Professor, Special Officer
Department of Irrigation &Drainage ACCER, KAU,
Engineering, KCAET, Tavanur Vellanikkara, Thrissur

Dr.Manoj Mathew
Dr. Reena Mathew
(Member, Advisory Committee)
(Member, Advisory Committee)
Associate Professor,
Associate Professor
Rice Research Station,
Rice Research station,
Moncompu, Alappuzha
Moncompu, Alappuzha

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thank you in exuberance to Er.Vishnu.B, Assistant Professor, Department of
Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, KCAET, Tavanur; Chairman of the advisory
committee for his infalliable guidance, didactic criticism and constant backing towards
successfully completing this thesis in time.
I am grateful to Dr. Manoj Mathew, Associate Professor, Rice Research Station,
Moncompu for his suggestions, advices, unfeigned help and coaction towards me for the
evaluation of my thesis.
It is a matter of profound gratitude to express sincere thanks to Dr. Reena
Mathew, Associate Professor, Rice Research Station, Moncompu for her valuable
guidance and immense help to carry out this research work promptly.
I am exhilarated to express utmost indebtedness to Dr. Kurien. E.K, Special
Officer, ACCER, for his timely guidance and support during the course of work.
I avail this opportunity to open out my extreme gratitude to Dr. Sunil K.M
Assistant Professor, ACCER, and Dr. B. Ajith Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department
of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Horticulture for their help and cooperation.
I gratefully acknowledge the help rendered by Rice Research Station (RRS),
Moncompu and Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Kumarakom for
providing me with the climate data and the USGS Earth Explorer for providing me with
the LANDSAT imageries of the study area.
Thankfully remember the help and suggestion given by Mr. Jineesh V K,
Teaching assistant, ACCER.
Words of encouragement and support of all the staff members at ACCER are
duly acknowledged.
vi

I gratefully acknowledge the help rendered by ACCER and KCAET for the
completion of work.
I am immensely thankful to the help and cooperation provided by Mr.
Vijayakumar for his help and cooperation during ground truth verification of my result.
I acknowledge the help and cooperation rendered by my classmates.
I express my gratitude to Kerala Agricultural University for providing an
opportunity to get a post-graduation degree.
I am also thankful to several people who have helped me in each step for the
successful completion of my work.
It is with deep sense of gratitude I remember the strenuous help, unfailing
support, constant encouragement and blessings of my loving parents, Yesodharan K
and Radhakumari P, beloved husband Kirankumar S and sister Vishnu priya R Y for the
completion of this research work successfully.
Above all, I pay my obeisance to “The Almighty God” to have bestowed upon
me blessings, courage, inspiaration for the successful completion of my venture.
Krishnaveni R.Y
vii

CONTENTS

Chapter Title P a g e N o .
No.

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF PLATES

SYMBOLS AND
ABBREVIATIONS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3 9

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 5 6

5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 8 1

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

ABSTRACT
viii

LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
No: No:

1 Imageries available 43
2 Ground control points (GCPs) Collected 44
3 Climate parameters collected 45
4 Aquatic weed area (km2) 61
5 Mean monthly aquatic weed area distribution 67
6 Seasonal distribution of aquatic weed area during the year 2007 69
7 Correlation analysis 72
ix

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
No: No:
1 Importing of image to the software 47
2 False color composite of Images 48
3 Creation of sample set 48
4 Sample set editor 49
5 Image classification 51
6 Creation of vector map of the study area 51
7 Clipping of the study area 52
8 Histogram calculation 53
9 Temporal variation in aquatic weed area during the period from 62
2003-2014.
10 Temporal variation of aquatic weed area of January month 64
during the period from 2003-2014.
11 Temporal variation of aquatic weed area of February month 64
during the period from 2003-2014.
12 Temporal variation of aquatic weed area of March month 66
during the period from 2003-2014.
13 Temporal variation of aquatic weed area of November month 66
during the period from 2003-2014.
14 Temporal variation of aquatic weed area of December month 68
during the period from 2003-2014.
15 Mean monthly variation in aquatic weed area distribution 68
16 Seasonal change in aquatic weed area during the year 2007 69