Table Of ContentSpatial Uncertainty in Ecology
Springer-Science+ Business Media, LLC
Carolyn T. Hunsaker Michael F. Goodchild
Mark A. Friedl Ted 1. Case
Editors
Spatial Uncertainty in Ecology
Implications for Remote Sensing
and GIS Applications
With 100 Illustrations, 17 in Full Color
, Springer
Carolyn T. Hunsaker Michael F. Goodchild
USDA Forest Service National Center for Geographic
Forestry Sciences Laboratory Information and Analysis
Pacific Southwest Research Station Department of Geography
Fresno, CA 93710-4639 University of California, Santa Barbara
USA Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4060
[email protected] USA
[email protected]
Mark A. Friedl Ted J. Case
Department of Geography Department of Biology
Boston University University of California, San Diego
Boston, MA 02215-1401 La JoHa, CA 92093-0116
USA USA
[email protected] [email protected]
Cover illustration: A simulation: 200-m contours, 800-m baseline. See Figure 11.6.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Spatial uncertainty in ecology: implications for remote sensing and GIS applicationsj
edited by Carolyn T. Hunsaker ... [et al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p.).
ISBN 978-0-387-98889-4 ISBN 978-1-4613-0209-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4613-0209-4
1. Spatial ecology-Mathematical models. 2. Uncertainty (Information theory)
1. Hunsaker, Carolyn T.
QH541.15.S62 S63 2001
577'.01'51 I 8-<1e2 I 00-061268
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 2001 Springer Scienee+Business Media New York
Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. in 2001
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987654321
ISBN 978-0-387-98889-4
Acknowledgment
Working Group Participant. This work was conducted as part of the Spatial
Uncertainty Working Group supported by the National Center for
Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant
#DEB-94-21535), the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the
State of California.
v
Contents
Acknowledgment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. v
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Xl
Part I Introduction
Introduction .............................................. 3
MICHAEL F. GOODCHILD and TED 1. CASE
Part II Dimensions of Spatial Ecological Data
2 The Use and Uncertainties of Spatial Data for
Landscape Models: An Overview with Examples
from the Florida Everglades .............................. 15
FRED H. SKlAR and CAROLYN T. HUNSAKER
3 Measuring and Predicting Species Presence: Coastal
Sage Scrub Case Study.................................... 47
TED 1. CASE and ROBERT N. FISHER
4 Incorporating Uncertainties in Animal Location and
Map Classification into Habitat Relationships Modeling ... 72
KEvIN S. McKELVEY and BARRY R. NOON
5 An Introduction to Uncertainty Issues for Spatial Data
Used in Ecological Applications .......................... 91
PETER A. STINE and CAROLYN T. HUNSAKER
vii
viii Contents
Part III Methods
6 Mapping Ecological Uncertainty .......................... 115
BARBARA P. BUTIENFIELD
7 A Cognitive View of Spatial Uncertainty.................. 133
GEOFFREY EDWARDS and MARIE-JOSEE FORTIN
8 Delineation and Analysis of Vegetation Boundaries ........ 158
MARIE-JOSEE FORTIN and GEOFFREY EDWARDS
9 Geostatistical Models of Uncertainty for Spatial Data ..... 175
PHAEDON C. KY RIAKIDIS
10 Uncertainty and Spatial Linear Models
for Ecological Data ........................................ 214
JAY M. VER HOEF, NOEL CRESSIE, ROBERT N. FISHER,
and TED 1. CASE
11 Characterizing Uncertainty in Digital Elevation Models. . .. 238
AsHTON SHORTRIDGE
12 An Overview of Uncertainty in Optical Remotely Sensed
Data for Ecological Applications .......................... 258
MARK A. FRIEDL, KENNErn C. McGWIRE,
and DOUGLAS K. McIVER
13 Modeling Forest Net Primary Productivity with
Reduced Uncertainty by Remote Sensing of Cover
Type and Leaf Area Index ................................ 284
STEVEN E. FRANKLIN
14 Spatially Variable Thematic Accuracy: Beyond the
Confusion Matrix ......................................... 308
KENNETH C. MCGWIRE and PETER FISHER
15 Modeling Spatial Variation of Classification Accuracy
Under Fuzzy Logic ....................................... 330
A-XING ZHU
16 Alternative Set Theories for Uncertainty in
Spatial Information ....................................... 351
PETER FISHER
17 Roles of Meta-Information in
Uncertainty Management 363
KATE BEARD
Contents ix
18 Uncertainty Management in GIS: Decision Support
Tools for Effective Use of Spatial Data Resources ......... 379
RONALD EASTMAN
Part IV Epilog
19 Epilog.................................................... 393
CAROLYN T. HUNSAKER
Index ............................................................. 397
Contributors
KATE BEARD
National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, University of
Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
BARBARA P. BUTTENFIELD
Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309,
USA
TED J. CASE
Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
92093-0116, USA
NOEL CRESSIE
Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OR 43210-
1247, USA
RONALD EASTMAN
Department of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
GEOFFREY EDWARDS
Department of Geomatic Sciences, Laval University, Ste. Foy, Quebec
GlK 7P4, Canada
PETER FISHER
Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH, UK
ROBERT N. FISHER
USGS Biological Research Division and Biological Field Stations, Depart
ment of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614,
USA
Xl
