Table Of ContentPRACTICE
MAKES
PERFECT
Spanish
Irregular Verbs
Up Close
This page intentionally left blank
PRACTICE
MAKES
PERFECT
Spanish
Irregular Verbs
Up Close
Eric W. Vogt, Ph.D.
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act
of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-0-07-171809-7
MHID: 0-07-171809-5
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-171808-0,
MHID: 0-07-171808-7.
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked
name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the
trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training
programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected].
Trademarks: McGraw-Hill, the McGraw-Hill Publishing logo, Practice Makes Perfect, and related trade dress are trademarks or
registered trademarks of The McGraw-Hill Companies and/or its affi liates in the United States and other countries and may not be
used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The McGraw-Hill Companies is not
associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work.
Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one
copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, trans-
mit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the
work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be
terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS
TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK,
INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE,
AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not
warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or
error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless
of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information ac-
cessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special,
punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised
of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause
arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
Amandae, fi liae carissimae meae, qui plus quam scivit semper amata est.
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
1
The Spanish verb system: An overview 1
2
Present system 1: Present indicative 7
3
Present system 2: Present subjunctive 15
4
Present system 3: Imperatives 23
5
Infi nitive system 1: Imperfect indicative 31
6
Infi nitive system 2: Future 37
7
Infi nitive system 3: Conditional 45
8
Preterit system 1: Preterit indicative 51
9
Preterit system 2: Imperfect subjunctive 59
10
Participial system 1: Gerunds 67
11
Participial system 2: The seven perfect tenses 73
12
Participial system 3: Passive participles 79
Appendix A: TurboVerbTM: The “better mousetrap”
for learning Spanish verbs 85
Appendix B: Survival verbs 93
Answer key 99
vii
This page intentionally left blank
The Spanish
·1·
verb system
An overview
When you try to conjugate Spanish verbs, do you feel as if everything
you’ve ever been taught seems tangled in your mind like a bird’s nest of
fi shing line at the bottom of a row boat? Does your teacher circle the verbs
on your quizzes and tests, or write question marks that seem to say where
on earth did you come up with this form? If you fi nd yourself in a quagmire
of confusion or committing the same errors time and again, using this
book systematically will “reprogram” your understanding of the verb
system.
Th is book is less concerned with the uses of the tenses and moods of
Spanish verbs than with their morphology, or forms. Th e book focuses on
irregular verbs, which of course, means that we will have to contrast them
with regular verbs along the way. So, take heart. You’re not alone as an
intermediate student of Spanish. Jumbled verb forms are one of the things
Spanish teachers see all the time in their second-year Spanish classes.
Why? Because fi rst-year students are exposed to the whole verb system,
but receive little specifi c attention to help them step back in order to dis-
cover, recognize, and assimilate the patterns. It also takes longer than a
one-year course to internalize verb patterns.
Th e approach used in this book is based on the fact that Spanish
evolved from Latin, which is still taught using the “principal parts”: four
forms needed to understand the morphology of Latin’s even more elabo-
rate verb system. Although textbooks and reference works sometimes
show these principal parts, they are not arranged or explained in a useful
way. In Appendix A you will fi nd a verb chart named TurboVerb. It resur-
rects the system of principle parts and adapts it so that it works for learn-
ing Spanish verbs. Consult TurboVerb oft en as you progress through each
chapter in order to become familiar with it. By visualizing the morpho-
logical patterns in a new way, the fog will clear, and your tangled notions
will unravel. Here is this book’s promise: if you internalize and apply the
information about the formation of verbs found in TurboVerb, you will be
able to derive the exact form of any verb, in any tense, mood, person, and
1
Description:TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE 2 practice makes perfect Spanish Irregular Verbs Up Close.
