Table Of ContentSovPioelti tics
1917-1991
MarMyc Auley
OXFORUDN IVERSIPTRYE SS
1992
OxforUndi versPir�eWaysl st,oS nt rOexefotor,xd 2 6DP
OxforNde wY orTko ronto
DelhBio mbCaaylc uMtatdar Kaasr achi
PetaJlianySgai ngaHopnogKr oen Tgo kyo
NairoDbaier sS alaaCma pTeo wn
MelbouArnuec kland
anads soccoimaptaeidnn ie s
BerIblianda n
Oxforisd tar amdea rokfO xforUndi versPrie�ss
Publisihnte hdUe n iStteadt es
byO xforUndi verPsr,ieNe tswys Yo rk
© MaryM cAu1ley9 92
Allr igrhetsse Norv peadofr. tt hpiusb limcaabyte ri eopnr oduced,
stoirnaer de trsyisetveoarmtl ,r ansimnai ntfoytr emod rb, ya nmye ans,
electmreocnhiapcnh,io ctaolc,ro epcyoiordinrnog gt,,h en,;,wiisteh,o ut
thperi opre rmisofs OixofonrUn di versPirteys s
Thep aperebdaioctftki h obisno oissk o sldu btjote hcceto ndtihtiaisttoh nan llo t
byw aoyft raodero therbwelis eern,et -,s hoildro,euo dtro therwise
circwuilatthetodhpu eut b lishperric'soo rn isnean nfotyrm ofbi nding
orc ovoetrht ehrat nhi anwt h iicithps u blaisnhwdei dt haso iumti lar
condiintcilotunhd cisio nngd bietiiinmogpn o osnte hsdeu bsequent
purchaser
BritLisihb rCaatrya loignPu uibnlgi Dcaattai on
Dataav ailable
Librofa Cryo ngCraetsaslogi inPn ugb liDcaattai on
McAuley,M ary.
Sovpioelit1t 9i1c7s- M1a9ry9M 1cA1u ley.
p.c m.
/.S ovUineito n-Paonligdto ivcesrn ment-1I.9 T1i7t-l1e9.9 1.
DK288.M14929 924 7.0849-dc22-075 17
ISBN0- /9--878066--4.
ISB0-N1 9-87806(7p-b2k )
TypesebtyB Pl ntegLrtadpB.ha,itA chvs,o n
Prinatnbedod u innd
GreBarti tbya Biindd iLetsd .,
GuiladnfoKdri dn Lgy'nsn
Contents
Introduction
1.1 91R7e:v olution 12
2.S tate-TBhLueel nlSidynlstinestgm : 24
3.l ndustrlCaollllzeacattnlitdovhS niet,z a alStltinaoltnse3,t 4
4.T error so
5.K hrushacnPhdae rtRvyu le 62
&.T hAed ministraStyistvueenm-dB Cerorem zmhanned7v 5
7.P erestroiakntadh E eno dPf a rtRyu le 89
8.D ispoePfrsao lw er 107
Cood�oo lW
Chronology 124
FurthReera ding 172
Index 129
Introduction
INJ anuaIr y9t hIRe u 7s sEimapni srter etfrcohmeV dl adivionst thoek
easttoP olainntd h wee sfrto,m t hfreo zeAnr ctCiicr cdloew tno t he
arilda nodfsC entrAasliA a .p opulaotfri oonu gh1l2y5m illiinon
habittehdeh ugceo ntinae pnotp,u lationd omwihnoagsnreto u opf
Slavcse,n trienRd u ssainadt heU kraihnaeds, p reoaudte asatn d
southwtaoar ldplsa rotfts h Eem pirMeo.r teh aI0n 0 d ifferent nation
alities-ArImnennuiiaGtnessr,,m anasn,dK azakthosn ,a meb uta
few-livweidt hiitnbs o undaarnidei,snt ermosfr eligOirotnh,o dox
Russiwaenrjseo inbeyMd u sliimnts h seo utLhu,t heraanndCs a tholics
int hew estE.ig hpteyrc enotf t hep opulawteiropene asaanntds ,
illitBeyrt ahtteue r.on ft hcee ntuhroyw,e vaenrdc, e rtabiyJn alnyu ary
191i7n,d ushtardmy a diet asp peartahnreca ei;l whaaydss p retahde ir
netwoarckr otshsce o untlrayri,gn ed uscternitaarlne dhs u gseh ipyards
employbeodts hk ilalnedrd a wu nskillalbeodau nrd,m odertne ch
nolowgayso peraatlionngg wshiedeel barTrhoecw osu.n twraysr uled
byT saNri choIlIwa,hs o sber utaault ocrraetgiiwcma ess upporbtye d
ana ristohcarpapcsiype era kFirnegn tchha Rnu ssibaytn h,ae r mwyi th
itssm aorffitc ecro rpasn,db yt hReu ssOiratn hoCdhouxr cRhu.lw ea s
carroiuettdh routghshet abtuer eauccreanctiyrn eS dtP eterstbhuer g,
capiotfta hlEe m piraen,di nt hper ovignocveesr nrourlswe idt thh e
helopft haer mya,n dn ewl ocgaolv ernmiennstt itutions.
InF ebrua1r9y1 7T saricsoml lapbsreodu,gd hotw nw hent he
soldjioeirnste hwdeo mepnr otesitnti hnbegr eqaude uNeisn.me o nths
oft urmoil followed. Revolausst oicoainna dleg caotnhoemriecd speed
conflidcete penaenda ;t temtport e pltahceeo ldT saraiustto cratic
regiwmietc ho nstitruutleieno dneawdli tthh Beo lshetvaikkipsno gw er
int heca pitaaln,dt her evolustpiroenaa cdr otshsec ountTrhye.
Bolsheav wiokrsk,i ngp-acrlwtaiyst sah s maglrlo uopfi ntellectuals
amonigt lse adercsahmitepo p, o weirnt hmea joirn duscternitarle s
witthh seu ppoofrt thr ea nakn dfi lseo ldainetdrh sie n duswtorrikaelr s.
Theya,s a sociaplairsttwy e,r ec ommitttoer de placpirnigv ate
ownerswhiitspho cioawln ersahnidtp o,a s ocioefte yq ualriutnby y
2 Introduction
workaenrpdse asaasn otcsiw,ei ttyhc oouetr acniwdoi nt haol uetg al
systbeemc acursiewm oeu bledn om orFer.e edcorme,a tainvdi ty,
sciewnocuebl edi thsa llmraerlkiswg,oi uofalndd e a waayn,nd e w
formosfa ratn cdu ltwuorueel mde rAg nee.wi nternmaotriaolniatly
wouilndfo rtmhs eo ciwaolriolsrdtd freorm w hiwcahwr o udlids
appear.
InW esteeyreRnsu ssiinJa a nu1a9r1yw7 a asp rimistlieveep ing
giaanfo tr,ct eob er eckwointeahGd ,r ePaotw weirtw hh oaml liances
shobuelm da dbeu,at s adillyl irbeegriwamhleoi ,wt a hso pemdi,g ht
ondea myo vteo waarm dosre en lighfotremon fge odv ernWmietnht .
thceo mitnopg o woeftr h Beo lshWeevsitkoespr,in nd iiovniT dheed .
estabgloivsehrendwm eerfneet asri fuBflo :l shaeivmwisek rr ee alized,
itw atsh een odf t hsey stoefpm o weprr,i vialnewdge ea,lw thhi ch
exisitWnee ds tseorcniT ehtiwysaa. st imweh etnhu ep pcelra wsesrees
looknienrgv oouvsetlrhy es ihro uladtte hreosiw rwn o rkcilnagas ss es
thetyob oe,g taocn l atihmer iirg IhntE sn.g lwaenadl thy omfe mbers
socipeuttthy ej ierwi ensl tsr ongi-nBb roixgeshsott ohtnah tec yo uld
movaec rtohsCesh antnose alfp elras cheostu hlrede volouctciiunor n
LondLoinv,e roprMo aonlc,h eTshteWe ers.t perrenps osr trtahyee d
Bolshaesiv nihkusmm oanns taenrsdst ,r essJeedw iotsrhhie go ifn s
theliera daenrtdsh ,eu inrn atiudreBaaulsit .uf n nattuhrecanal mt,eh e
argumtehtnahttie d ewaelrse unraenatdlh iaztwa abhasleh ero,ep eless
experbiomuetnnodfat i Tlh.i vsi ewwa hse lidn itbiyma elmlbyeo rfs
thoel odr dienrs Riudsets oiVoae. r dyi ffewraetsnh tre e spfroonms e
thlea bour miontv hWeeem seatnr ,te spwohnisrceeh s uilnats epdl it
witihtirsna nSkosm.se a twh Beo lshaestv hisekt sa ndardo-fb earers
sociaanltdih semr egaaftveer thetiotr h (esB uoplpsCohoremtvm iuk)
niPsatr ittny hS eo vUineitoo nt;hw eerrfaser m orsec epotrhi ocsatli le.
Leutsn ojwu mtpw enyteyat roNs o vem1b9e3rW7 h.a dti Rdu ssia
loloikik n1e 39 a7n wdh aotft haei masn d hoof1p 9e1As7n ?e Uwn ion
ofS ovSioecti Raelpiusbhtla ridec psl tahcoeer di gRiunsasElim apni re,
buittw asst ais liln sgolcei satlairtsietn, gb eyad c irocfhl oes tile
capitcaoluinstPtrr iievosaw.tn ee rhsahdgi opn Weh.e thweear r e
talkoifin ngd unsotwru yn,dn eart ionsatlaoitwzene edr osfrh eitpa,i l
traadnesd e rvoiroc fae gsr,i cwuhletcruoerl el e(cctoi-voepa enrda tive)
stafatremh sa rde plfaamciefaldry m psr,i voawtnee rosfph riopd uctive
assweatnssom orBeu.fat r fr omw ithearwiatnyhgs,e t ahtagedr owan :
hugcee ntrsatlaimtzaeec dh icnoen,s iosfct oimnmgi ss(aatrshi ea ts
miniswterriceea sl ledh)e--afoviryn dusdterfye,ne cdeu,c ation,
Introd3u ction
justice--oopuoetfrt ahnteee wcd a piMtoaslc,Io nwp .l aocfte h at
dreoapfmo puplaarrt icoiafpn ea nttdibo o unr,e aaunchdri aecrya rchy,
thewreers et aitnes tirtuuontna ih oinesr,a bracshiiisscs,aou rlid negr s
anidn strtuotc htiein odnuss triaalnt dhe ienn tsetriwpthruiitcsiheo sn s
themsweelrovere gsa nointz hbeead so ifos n e-mmaanna geTmheen t.
sovitehcteos u, neclielcbsty we odr kaenrpdse asaannsdto sl diers,
althtohueegyxh i sitnne admh ea,ld o ncge atsoeb dea ctbiovdei es
runnlioncagaff laI in1r 9s3.an5 e Cwo nstiwtaausnt nioounn ced which
gapvrei odfpe l atcaole e gisclaalttlhuSeerud ep rSeomveOi nep ta.p er
itpsr ovilsoiorokenemsda rlkiatkbheloo ysfa We e stceornns tiat ution:
fedesryaslto efem l erveepnu (be laicbchas s oenda k elya nguage
grouwpi)dt,ih r eelcetc otfdi eopnustt oti heSesu prSeomveoi nte hte
basoifus n ivseurffsraBalug tteh .ee l ecwteironenoe stn visaasg ed
elecbteitowncesoe mnp etinrga tpthaheererlt eicettsou;rr oanuteted
toc atshte viortfo eras s incgalned iidnea atcceho nstitthuuesn cy,
reaffirtmhiesniugrp pfoortr htoe r dienwr h itchhwe eyr lei vainndg ,
thfee daerrraaln gmeamsekanse tydss itnew mh iaclkhle d ye cisions,
botohnp olaincpdye rsownenrmeeal di,enM oscow.
Thkee pyo liitnisctaiiltn1 u 9t3wi7ato shn Ce o mmuPnairastntiyd n
partiictasup lpaarra anit nuncseo,ror fefu ll-ptairfumtneyc tionaries,
direfrcotmMe ods caonwcd,o ntraoltllhrl eei pnugTb hleiwyce srt.eh e
onewsia tnha uthorviotiwacitetti,hhv pe eo wteoir s souredw ehrisc h
weroeb ligfoarat loBlry.1y 93h7o,w etvhepera ,r atpyp arwaatsu s
undtehrr freoamtt h NeK VDt,hP ee opCloem'msi sfosraI rnitaetrn al
Affaitrhssee, c proeltTi hcyeee .a1 r9 3s7at wh hee iogfth htGe r eat
Purges-stheotrwrr ioaarrl,rso e,fos ltBdso lshoefnv eicwko sm,m is
samresm,b etrhsne e oewfl iatnoedtf, h gee nepruabTllh iGecu .l aa g,
netwooflr akb coaumrsp tsr,e atccrhtoehsdces o unAtnrdsy,t. a nding
abovCeo mtmhuen ist Patrhlteay rs gtaeabp tupera eraauatcnurdsa ,c y,
the NwKaVtsDh fi,eg uorfSe t acllionai,kan en ed x traocrudoliftn ary
thwei lseea dert-owS htoahmly imnwn esrs eu nSgt,aw lhionls ieg ht
burnientd hl ei tKtrleemw liinnds ootw h tahtce i tiozfMe onssc ow
wouklndo twh tahtge r elaeta wdaeasrl waawyasak lew,ta hyisn king
ancda raibnogtu hte m.
Whatth ouogfsh o ciien1 t9y3H 7e?rt ehp ei ctiusacr oen fusing
oneO.nt hoen hea ntdh ewraers a psiodc mioabli hluintdyr:e ds
oft houseavnemdnis l,l oifpo enass aannidtn sd uswtorrikoaeflr s,
socipeotohyra'o,dsb taainen deudc aantmdio ovnue pdt oo ffice-work,
top osiotfai uotnhsao nrmdia tnya,g eBmy1e 39n tt7h. e wreerfa ec tory
4 Introduction
direwchtoio nr1 s9 1h7a bde eanp prentthiewcreeerws eo, m ewnh o
haeds cafrpoemtd h der udogefhr oyma en sdw eat-asnbhdeo cpo,m e
enginaerecrhsi,dt oeccttaosnr,dNs K,V Do fficiTahlisms.o bility,
howevheabrde, e anc compbayan g ireadd rueailm potshirete iionn,
troduocfht iieornaa rncpdhr yi viBly1e 9g3ae7n.e lihtaeedm erged
witahc cteoss sc agrocoend eswa, p artmaensndpt esc,si haoBlpu st.
thwiasos n lpya rotft hpei ctTuhrece a.m patiocg onl letchtei vize
countfrroyms1 i9d2e91 9t3ho2a r de sultthedede aoitfmnh i sl loifo ns
peasaannmdtis l,l miooronefst huer bpaonp ulwaetrnieoo win n t he
campFso.sr o mteh 1e9 3m0esa ancth ievael mietfenh tep,ia rr ents
counledv hearvd er eaomfefo;dro thetrhosel, id n telliewtac sta u als,
timoefc onfusainoadnn xiaentfodyr m; a noyfa lslt riabttr ao ught
deaitnth h lea bcoaumrp s.
Westaetrtni wteursdeted isil vlib deetdwt eheowns heno o swa twh e
SovUineitao stn h per omliasanenddtd h owshewo e rmeo rsec eptical.
Fosro meev erytthhtaiotnop gkl aicnSe o vRiuestws aigsao oadn ,e w
civilhiaztdaa tkrieoonoBn tu e.tv etnh eciorn servatiwveer eo pponents
mucmho rpeo sitthiatvnhe he aybd e etnw eynetaye rasr lTiheqeru .a l
itpyr ersesfe rarpepdr ovtio'n tgshleeyn sMirb.Sl tea lwihnow' a,s
perceaisgv reedap trleyfe rtaosb ulchehe aadnyfod o liBsohl sheviks
asL enainnd T rotsMkrSy t.a hlaidin n troad Cuocnesdt itution,
brouRguhstis nittaoh Le e agoufNe a tiaonndps,r, o btahbmelo ys t
importanRtu sfawscaiatsap o ort,e ntial bFualswcaairnskdm ,a gainst
HitlGeerr'msa ny.
Foryteya lrastt earku ests o 1 97I7nt. h ien terpveerniitonhdge
SecoWnodrW ladhr a dde vastthwaeet setdpe arornftt h ceo unatnrdy ,
20m illhiadodin e Fdr.o1 m9 1t7h rotuo1g 9h4t 5hw eh opleer wiaosd
onoeft rauomfda e,a otfth r,a gteudryma,on ihdle ,a dslpoenIegwtd a .s
follobwyae nud n precepdeeroniftpoe edda a cnesd,o ciaBly 1 c9a7l7m .
thewreers et il0l 0nl a tionsapleiatdkiiieffnseg,lr aenngtu ianag es,
populoafmt oirtoehn a2 n6m 0i lloifwo hno,mm o rteh haannl oflw i ved
int owTnhseo. l pde assaonctih eaytdiy e ltdoae nid n dusotnreIi.na l
thper evious tfrwoem1n 59t ty7o 1 y9e7ha7ur,gss et, r iinde edsu ca
tioinnh, e aalnthdho ,u shianbdge emna daen,id nt hset anodflai rvdi ng
ing eneTrhaolys.ee a srasaw r apiimdp rovientm hepenr to viosfi on
consudmuerra abnladel ssi ont hfoeo ds uppBluytt.h p ea ttoefr n
providsinidoo rtne ftlhefoacuttn edv,e tnw enyteyae rasr liinte hre,
industWreisaTtlh.ieS z oevdUi neitso tnhi aladlv erlya ragger icul
tursaelc atnoadrv eriyn efficoineesn,ht oo rnst k ainltdle chnology.
Introdu5c tion
Lackait nrga nsspyosrtltea mc,ks itnogrfa acgiel ietvieaeng s o,o d
harvdeisndto g tu arafonotdie nte h seh oTphse.wr eer neos uper
markfeewt sc,na osr hso,p cpeinntogrf te hksei wnhdi dcoht Etuerdo pe
anNdo rAtmhe rIiwtca ass.t ais lolc iienwt hyio cnhse e jnatmm a de
fromb errpiieciskn et hdfoe r etshtr otuhgpeho tsotr elaitnoi tvheesr
parotfts h ceo unwthromy i gnhotht a vaen syu giantr h wei nter.
Induhsatidrt aysd vansceecdtp oarrst,i icnut lhmaeir lliyst pahreyr e,
buatl asp oo oolfp ooqrulayl iufinesdk,li albloeaudnbr dy, 1 97t7h e
techngoalwpoi gttyhh W ee swta nso l oncgleors Tihnimgse. a nfotr,
examtphlaeaS ,to viet fridge migahsmt u cnehel eedc seven times
tritcori utanysi tWse stceorunn tetrhpaapa tar oitfr,s pectwaacsl es
twiacshe e atvowy e aIrnt. e romfqs u alnietpwyr ,o duacnttdes c,h no
logpiecrafolr mSaonvciiene,dt u bsyt1 r9y7w 7a fasl lbienhgi Tnhde.
catcuhpip nrgo cweassssl owdionwgMn i.l ithaorwielvbyey1,r 9 ,7 7
thSeo vUineitho anod b tapianrewidit ttyhh U en itSetdai twtea sos:n e
oft wsou perpAonwndeo rotsn .tl hya Itwt.a n so twh deo minant figure
inth weo rClodm munist movteotm heeena tbs,ytt h Cfeol mamnuked
niPsatr sttyao tfEe ass tEeurrnot pote h,we e sbtyt hCeh inreespeu blic
(alabd eiiffitcs uolctir aelliasattni cdoo nu)r,bt yTe hdi Wrodr clodu n
tries.
Whakti nodfa p olistyiscteaexlmi sitn1e 9d7 P7o?l iatuitchaolr ity
reswtiettdhh C eo mmuPnairsottfty hS eo vUineitot nhs:ei npgollei ti
capla rtthywa atas l loawsse tda,it nte hdne e Cwo nstiotfu t1ti9oo7 n7 ,
bet hlee adpionlgi ticali nso orcgiaTenhtieGyz e.an teiroanl Secretary
oft hpea ratnyad,l hseoa odfs tawtaeLs,e onBirde zhanc eavu,t ious
politwihcohi aamdna ,dt eh Peo littbhlueer aod,pi anrogtr yg iannt,o
thcea bionfte hstey stTehmis.sm abloldo yfl eadpianrogtffi yc iaanlds
miniscthearibsryt,e h dGe e neSreaclr eatnadr ys,bt yta ffhpeead r ty
Secrettoaotrkhik eae tpy,o ldieccyi sTihoenrset.ah ftpeea rra tpyp ar
atoufsfu ll-otffiicmiesa tlrse,tfr cohmti hnSege credtoawrtniot a hte
localwiasrt eisepso,fon rse inbsluetr hitanhtgae p prosptraiitanets et i
tutieoxnesc tuhtdeee dc iseimoannsafr toimtn hgce e ntTrheem. a ss
memberosfth hpieap r ntoysw t oaotad p proxi1m6ma itlelmliayon ny;
ofi tmse mbevrise'ww esr ien distinfrgoumti hsohosafenb olne
membebrutsth ewye roeb litgoce adro ruytt h ien struacndtdei ons
cisitoankbsey nt hhei ghpearro tryg anizMaatnwiyoo nrski.en d ,
diffecraepnatc iintt ehih eusgs,et aatpep arwahtiuwcsah gs r owing
visiblbyyy eyaaersae, vr e mro rien stitmuitniiosantnsrsd,it east,e
commitetnecersut shoteve ed rbcleonwotnfrt ehe em piCroee.r cion
6 Introduction
wasst tihlelbr ueit,nt hbea ckgrraotuthnhedatr not hfoer e. KGThBe
wasst rielslp ofonrss iubrlvee ialncldoa nntcbreuio twtl a nso l onger
operaast yisnotgfet m e rorfao rrb,i atrrraaernsrydte preBsys1 i9o7n7.
citikzneewnwhs aw ta asn wda nso pte rmissable.
Wea rtea ltkhieonnfgah igchelnyt rsaylsiotzfepe mod l ictoinctarlo l
ovearlm la jaocrt ivtiheteci oensot,mh myee, d ainasd,o caicatli vities.
Thkee vya loufte hsse y stbey1m 9,7h 7a,bd e cotmheo spea torfi otism,
stabainlodir tdyAe,sra .ne xamlpelutest , a tkheie n itciearteimoonn y
atw hi9c-hy eacrh-iolljddor ietnnhe Yedo unPgi onetehyreos u,t h
organiTzhaewtyoi uoblnedg. i vtehner ietrdi tehse,li irtb taldego efs
Len,ai nndd,u rtihncege remony, tioin ntdriovwdihudorcu eeapdl s
resetnhtheee dro ofSe osv sioectip eatasyntp,d r esTehnpete .r tshoeny
wouhladvw ei smhoesdot fa ltlo hparveesw eanostfc, o urLseenB,iy n .
thehnew aass acfirgeudtr hefae,t hfiegru trhepe,e rwshohona mda de
three volauntmdia odlnei efveeb re tfotrec rh ilndoroten nli ynt he
SovUineitbo untt h routghhweoo urtGl idv.te hnwi asis m posisti ble,
wadse sitrofia nbadln oe l Bdo lshevikw,h hosa kodnm oeLwoennn ei n,
prefersaobmleywo hnohe a tdo uchhiemad,tt hlee assotm ewohnoe
hasde ehnia mn wdo ublead b tlote e tlhlce h ilwdhraheteon r s hhea d
thouagnhfdte o lnht e arLiennsgip ne Aa ks.e icnodnidv wiodubulead l
av eteorfta hnSe e cond World wWhaohr ad,de fesnodtmheeedo ne
mothearnlwdah nocd o utladol ftk h fieg hatg aitnhfasest c iasntads ,
thiwrodub leadh eroofs ocilaalbioaswu tor r,kw eirta hno utstanding
produrcetcioIordnde .ha elo lrsy h weo ubleady ouhnegro ofs ocialist
labowuhro sfaet hoerrm othaenrdg randpbaerfoertneht asht a d
workientd h sea mfaec toryr-etphree seonfat l aatbidovyuenr a sty.
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tiotnhw;ea vre teran-paantadrh ieorotofsi oscmi;la albiosutr -the
workcilnags s.
Westaetrnt iwteurdbeeyn s o wfa rm oraem bivbaoltethnh too,sf e
thees tablainstdhh moewsniett t hhilena bmoouvre mTehneSt o.v iet
Unihoanbd e eanna lilnty h see coWnodrW ladr b,ut th ecna mteh e
ColWda ra,nt dh sep reCaodm moufn tihsrmo utghhweoo urtIl ntd h.e
I9 50tshA em eripcuabncl oiucsl tdbi els lw aybeyad n ti-Communist
hystwehriiClaoe,m munciasntd iwdoanet leesc itniE ounrsuB puet.
Khrushchev'so fSd teanluinnc'isa itdn1ii 9oc5ntt6 ha,Set o ovrisehti p
governumseoenffo t r'cisen H ungianr1 y9 5a6n Cdz echosilno vakia
196a8n,td h Uen itSetda tiensa'bt iopl oirttyer vaetyno,i tstehlef ,
Vietwnaaarms a fi ghfotrfr eedomma,dt eh oel cdo nvilcetsiso ns
