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SOVIET MILITARY SCIENCE
by
S. N. Kozlov, M. V. Smirnov, et al.
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By: S. N. Kozlov, M. V. Smirnov, et ai.. i
English .pages: 476
Translated under: Contract AF33(657)-14184, SA2
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S. N. Kozlov, M. V. Smlrnov,
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VOYENNOY NAUKE
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Vtoroye, pererabotannoye i dopolnennoye izdaniye
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Ministerstva Oborony SSSR
Moskva - 1964
405 pages
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ABSTRACT^ This book will acquaint the reader with the fundamental
questions öf Soviet military science. In it there is a report on the
history of nascence and development of theoretical military concepts, en
explanation of the ideological basis of the theory of Soviet military
science and the characteristics of the laws which govern modern warfare.
The book contains a definition of Soviet military science, its classifica-
tion and a survey on its structural parts and branches. This second
revised and enlarged edition of the book differs, considerably from the
first. It contains everything newly introduced into military theory by
decisions of the XXII-nd Party Congress and Party program. Three new
chapters have been added to the book: conditions and factors, rules ar.d
principles of armed warfare, means and forms of warfare, military science
and military doctrine. In these and other chapters, the decisive role of
nuclear arms in modern war is shown and its effect on changes in means
and forms of armed combat. The book has been written for officers of the
Soviet Army and Navy and also for civilians Interested in questions of
military science.
TAPLE CF C0vTErTS
rr. t roductior.
"hapter 1. Len i r: ar ?\ '•'.: li iary Sc I er.ce
' r "ini.er ?. The motnoJo logical Pases of Soviet. Military Sei er.ce
'.'.'. 'i'pt-il" 5. Brief Historical Survey of the Development of Theoretical
Military Thought
Chapter k. The Formation and Development or Soviet Military Science
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TABLE OP CONTENTS'.
Introduction 2
Chapter l.> Lenin and Military Science;. 19
Chapter 2.-The Methodological Bases of Soviet Military Sci-
ence; "~ 63'
Chapter 3. Brief Historical Survey of the Development of
Theoretical Military Thought' 101
Chapter 4..The Formation and Development of Soviet Military
Science 201
Chapter 5. The Subject and Content of Soviet Military Sci-
ence; „ . 7 251
Chapter 6.%Conditions and Factors, Laws and Principles of
Armed Conflict; , . . . . 3^1
Chapter 7.>The Methods and Forms of Armed Conflict; ..... 390
Chapter 8. Military Science and Military Doctrine M6
Conclusion 461
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FTD-HT-66-259/1
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EDITOR'S PREFACE
This book will acquaint the reader with the fundamental questions
of Soviet military science. In it there is a report on the history- of
nascence and development of theoretical military concepts, an explana-
tion of the ideological basis of the theory of Soviet military science
and the characteristics of the laws which govern modern warfare. The
book contains a definition of Soviet military science, its classifica-
tion and a survey on its structural parts and branches.
This second revised and enlarged edition of the book differs, con-
siderably from the first. It contains everything newly introduced into
military theory by decisions of the XXII nd Party Congress and Party
program. Three new chapters have been added to the book: conditions and
factors, rules and principles of armed warfare, means and forms of war-
fare, military science and military doctrine. In these and other chap-
ters, the decisive role of nuclear arms in modern war is shown and its
effect on changes in means and forms of armed combat.
The book has been written for officers of the Soviet Army and Navy
and also for civilians interested in questions of military science.
la
u
n
V )
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FTD-HT-66-259/1 I .'1
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'. ' INTRODUCTION
Marxism-Leninism assigns scientific meaning to war as a socio-
hist.pricäl phenomenon.,.It subjects the reasons for the appearance of
wars to ä thorough theoretical analysis; starting from a correct assump-
tion on- its nature, Marxism Leninism investigates all facets of this
phenomenon in the specific historical setting, explains the qualitative
factors of wars of the various periods and of each war within the bound-
aries of its own period and studies economic, moral-political and other
factcrs which determine the course and outcome of each war.
Marxism-Leninism asserts that wars did not always exist and are
not here to stay forever.
The ideology of the imperialistic bourgeoisie serves to conceal
the true causes of wars from the masses, propagates various kinds of
reactionary theories and asserts that wars appeared with the human race
and will always exist in the social life of people.
According to the so-called biological theory of war, wars are as
unavoidable in society as is the struggle for survival in the animal
world. It is however known that societal development follows its own
specific rules; therefore any attempt at applying biological laws to
social development and to such socio-historical phenomena as v/ar is un-
scientific and reactionary.
The racist theory of war is closely related to and develops from
the biological theory. According to that theory, the various races are
o
not equal; some are "higher" and thus are destined by their nature to
reign while other "lower" races must submit toetheT.. A constant war is
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FTL-HT-66-259/1
.1 .1 Mlllll» II II • ' •••I.-^—— •• -
nV
going or. between "higher" and "lower" races. This unscientific reac-
tionary theory formed the basis for the ideology of German fascism. It
»
is at present used by American and West-German racists- for the ideo-
logical preparation of a new world war.
No less reactionary and unscientific is the explanation given by
the so-called Malthusian theory for the causes of war. According to this
theory disasters in society are caused by excess human fertility and
too rapid population growth which allegedly outstrips the means of exis-
tence. Starting from this reactionary bourgeois theory modern neo-Mal-
thusians proclaim war a blessing since it destroys "excess" population
and liberates humanity from "useless creatures". The reactionary ideas
of the neo-Malthusians are used by bourgeois theoreticians for justi-
fying territorial wars.
Another theory closely related to the Malthusian and racist is the
reactionary geo-political theory, and it is just as unscientific. This
is based on pseudo-scientific ideas according to which geography is a
decisive factor in the life of society and every nation is a growing
organism and must continually expand, seize new territory and annihilate
other people. Imperialists and their docile lackeys have tried to jus-
tify aggressive territorial wars with the help of geopolitics. By pro-
claiming geopolitics a necessity, the Hitlerite monsters created a bas-
is, long before the second world war, for the seizure of forign terri-
tory by the German imperialists and for their attempt to rule the world.
In our time, geopolitics is in the service of imperialist states
which aim at aggression, the subjugation of ether pfople and destruction
of countries in the socialist camp. American geopoliticians falsely as-
sert that the geographical location of the USA makes it the dominant
o
world power and that this supremacy requires that they wage var. By
means of geopolitics, American reactionaries attempt to Justify the pre-
- 3 -
sence of the American military on European and Asian soil as well as
the erection of many military bases on foreign soil with which the Amer- o
Ä
lean imperialists have surrounded the countries of the socialist camp.
;#he\ so-called "ethical theory" is of the same order as these other
theories;" there is nothing ethical about it. According to this theory,
war 1$-necessary for the "moral well-being of the people.'1 The advocates
ofitjjiihe ethical theory assert that peace is disastrous and leads to stag-
nation while war Is a blessing leading to progress. The reactionary in-
human nature of. this theory is obvious. Territorial wars are notorious-
The reactionary inhuman nature of this theory is obvious. Territorial
wars are notoriously advantageous for the imperialists. T-iey make tre-
mendous profits in war out of the people's blood and sweat, adding to
their riches while the masses who must carry the whole burden of war
on their shoulders are ever more exploited and pauperized.
In the last years, the reactionary bourgeois theoreticians have in-
vented a new explanation for the cause of wars. Acceding to this new
theory, wars in the world are unavoidable because of the existence of
the Soviet Union and other countries of the socialist camp which alleg-
edly make aggressive politics by "exporting the revolution" into other
countries. The imperialists have turned communism into a bugaboo which
they use extensively in their plans for preparing a new world war. Un-
der the false slogan „f defense of a "free world," the protection of
"western civilization" from the comn-uiist menace, the imperialists of
the U.S.A. and other aggressive countries are preparing for war. "Now
the slogan 'antieommunlsm' is again used as a smoke screen," said N.S.
Khrushev, "to hide the claim of one power (U.S.A.; editor) to world
supremacy."*
While building aggressive war blocks and continuing the preparation '\
s
for a third world war, the imperialists also conduct little wars.
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