SOUTHERN ECUADOR AS A HOTBED OF SPECIES EVOLUTION IN FUCHSIA (ONAGRACEAE): FUCHSIA AQUAVIRIDIS, A NEW SPECIES IN THE FUCHSIA LOXENSIS SPECIES GROUP

2007·1.8 MB·English

by  Paul E Berry

Contr.Univ.MichiganHerb.25:167^170.2007.
SOUTHERNECUADORASAHOTBED OFSPECIES
EVOLUTIONINFUCHSIA(ONAGRACEAE):
FUCHSIAAQUAVIRIDIS,ANEWSPECIESINTHE
FUCHSIALOXENSISSPECIESGROUP
PaulE.Berry
UniversityofMichiganHerbarium
3600VarsityDrive
AnnArbor,Michigan48108-2287
Abstract. AnewspeciesofFuchsiasectionFuchsia(Onagraceae)fromtheAndesofsouthern
Ecuadorisdescribedandillustrated.FuchsiaaquaviridisP.E.Berryisknownfromupperelevationcloud
forestsinandaroundPodocarpusNationalParkinLojaProvince,whereseveralotherrarespeciesof
Fuchsiaalsooccur.ItispartoftheFuchsialoxensisspeciesgroupandisdifferentiatedbyitsnarrowly
ellipticandnarrowlyacuteleaves,theapiculatesepalsconsiderablylongerthanthepetals,thecanescent
younggrowth,andtheerectdispositionoftheyoungleavesandbuds.Itsoccurrenceandapparentrestric-
tiontoLojaProvincepointstothisareaasahotbedofevolutioninAndeanfuchsias.
Studies andcollections ofplantsfrom southernEcuadorhaveincreased dra-
maticallyinthepastdecade,andmanynovelplantsornewdistributionrecordshave
beenmadethere.ThispaperdescribesanewspeciesofFuchsiathatoccursinupper
elevation cloud forests in Podocarpus National Park and on the slopes ofCerro
Toledo,inLojaProvince.FourotherspeciesoiFuchsiathatareendemictosouthern
Ecuadorarealsoknownfromthisarea:F.campiiP.E.Berry,FscherffianaAndre,
F.steyermarkii?.E.Berry,andFsummaPE.Berry(Berry1982,1995).Allofthese
taxabelongtothelargestsectionofthegenus,sectionFuchsia,whichnowincludes
65species.ThesefindingspointtothecloudforestsofLojaProvinceasahotbedof
speciationinFuchsiaandoneoftheareasofhighestdiversityinthegenus.
FuchsiaaquaviridisP.E.Berry,sp.nov.—Type:Ecuador.Loja:roadsidethicketin
cloudforest,roadfromYanganatoCerroToledo,3000m,13Nov1988,P.
E.Berry&L.Brako4641(holotype:MICH!;isotypes:MO!QCA!US!).
Fig.l.
Frutex80-120cmaltus,foliisoppositisvel3-4-verticillatisangusteellipticis,3-12
X1.5-4cm,marginedenticulato,apiceangusteacuto,innovationibuscanescentibus,
s2t0i-p3ul0ismsmubulloantgios,pseerpsailsitsenatpiibcuusl,atifslo9ri-b1u5smaxmilllaornigbiuss,,paeltaabahsstrliasteereelclitpitsi,citsub8-o11flomramli
longis,6-9mmlatis.
Well-branched shrub 0.8-1.2 m tall; branches leafy along most of the stem,
internodes5-20(-60)mmlong,lowerstemswithsomewhatprotrudingleafscars,
younggrowthconspicuouslycanescent-strigose.Leavesopposite,3-oroccasionally
4-whorled;blademembranous,elliptictonarrowlyelhptic,30-60(-120)mmlong,
(15-)20-25(-40)mmwide,acutetonarrowlyacuteattheapex,acuteatthebase,
withwhitishstrigosetrichomeslooselydispersedalongtheveinsonbothsurfaces,
uppersurfacelustrousdarkgreen,lowersurfacepalergreen;margingland-denticu-
latewithtrichomesbetweentheteeth;secondarynerves7-10(-12)oneithersideof
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168 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
4mm
FIG.[.Fuchsiaaquaviridis.A.Habitanddetailshowingdistalportionofaleal.B.Nodewithapair
ofstipules.C.Floweratanthesis.D.Flowershownatananglefrombelowtoshowpositionofpetalsand
sepalsatanthesis.E.Enlargementofasepal,apetal,andstamensopposingthem.F.Distalportionofstyle
andstigma.G.Longitudinalsectionoftheovaryandlowerportionofthefloraltube.(BasedonBeny&
Brako4641.driedspecimensandphotographsoflivingplants).
themidvein;petiole5-13(-20)mmlong;stipulesawl-shaped,2-2.5mmlong,0.3-0.5
mm
wide,persistent,dryingdark.Flowersaxillaryandpendentintheupperleafaxils,
uniformlyred,2or3pernode,theyoungbudsCcinescentandusuallyhelderectby
theemergingleaves;pedicel15-30mmlong;floraltubenarrowlyfunnelform,20-25
(-30)mmlong,2-2.3mmwideandslightlybulbousatthebase,4-6mmwideatthe
rim,4-or8-angledincross-section,looselystrigoseoutside,villousinlowerhalfinside;
nectaryadoughnut-shapedringca.1.5mmhighand2mmwideatthebaseofthe
tubesurroundingthestyle;ovarylightly4-or8-angled,5-6mmlong,2 3mmthick,
,
2007 BERRY:FUCHSIAAQUAVIRIDIS 169
Ecuador
I
¥
5° \Li 100mi
100km
FIG.2.DistributionofFuchsiaaquaviridisinsouthernEcuador.
strigose;sepalsnarrowlylanceolate,apiculate,(9-)12-15mmlong,3-5mmwideat
thebase,strigoseontheoutside;petalsbroadlyelliptictosuborbicular,spreadingat
anthesis,8-11mmlong,6-9mmwide,roundedtomucronateattheapex,cuneateat
tslhieghbtalsye4;-cslteyflteartedt,he28a-p3ex6,mcam.2lomngm,vhiilglhoubsyi2nmlomwewrihdael;f,fisltaimgemnatswh5i-t6ismhmpiankn,dc3ap^itmatme,
cloenngc,e.anFtruhietrssobrmoeawdhlaytob4-loonrg,8-caa.n2glmedmbleofnogreafnudll1y.5mamtumrew,idelel,ippsoolilde,n1w0h-i1t3ematmdelhoinsg-,
7-8mmthick;seedsflattened,semilunarinoutline,1.4-1.7mmlong,ca.1mmwide.
Distribution(Fig.2).Inmoistthicketsincloudforests,onhumidslopesofCerro
ToledoeastofYanganaandeastoftheNudodeCajanumainParqueNacionalPodo-
carpus,LojaProvince,Ecuador;2850-3100m.
AdditionalSpecimensExamined.Ecuador.Loja:roadfromYanganatoCerroToledo,3030m,13
mN,ov161S98e8p,1B9e9r8r,yG&reBerna&koW4a6t4e2rs(1M0O6,1M(IMCICHH.)Q;CPAa)r:qu1e3.N5akcimonfarlomPoYdaoncgarapnuas,onabroovaedCtoajCaenrurmoaT,ol2e9d0o0,-32813050
m,19Jan1989,Madsen85575(AAUMO);ParqueNacionalPodocarpus,southofLoja,eastofNudo
deCajanuma,2850-2950m,21-22Feb1985,0llgaardetal.57879(AAU);ParqueNacionalPodocarpus,
aboveNudodeCajanuma,around"CentrodeInformacion,"2800-3000m,14-15May1988,0llgaardet
al.741J7(AAV).
Fuchsiaaquaviridisisfoundquitelocallyinopeningsofupperelevationcloud
forestinmoistsubstrates.ItbelongstotheFuchsialoxensisspeciesgroup(Berryet
al.1982),whichischaracterizedbyitsshort-tubed,axillaryflowersandroundedpet-
als.Althoughthisisacomplexandvariablegroupthatwillrequirefurtherstudy,F.
aquaviridisissufficientlywellcharacterizedfromrelatedspeciestojustifyitsseparate
170 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
recognition.Charactersthaihelpseparateitfromothermembersofitsspeciesgroup
(F.loxensisKunth,F.hypoleucaI.M.Johnst.,F.scabriusciilaBenth.,F.steyermarkiiP.
E.Berry,andF.summaP.E.Berry)includeitstypicalnarrowlyellipticandnarrowly
acuteleaves,theapiculatesepalsconsiderablylongerthanthepetals,thecanescent
younggrowth,andtheerectdispositionoftheyoungleavesandflowerbuds.
ThespecificepithetisderivedfromtheLatinaqua(water)andviridis(green),
inrecognitionofapairofavidFuchsiaenthusiastswhoalsofoundthisspeciesinIhe
wild,namely,DaveGreenandEileenWatersofLondon,U.K.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thisworkwassupportedbygrant3827-88oftheNationalGeographicSociety.Theillustrationwas
preparedbyBobbiAngell.andWilliamAndersonkindlyreviewedtheLatindiagnosis.
LITERATURECITED
Berry,P.E.1982.ThesysteniaticsandevolutionofFuchsiasect.Fuchsia(Onagraceae).Ann.MissouriBot.
Gard.69:1-198.
.1995.TwonewspeciesofFuchsiasectionFuchsia(Onagraceae)fromsouthernEcuador.Novon
5:318-322.