South Sudan Oil Almanac

147 Pages·2012·4.23 MB·English

South Sudan Oil Almanac
An OpenOil Reference Guide
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Table of Contents
ECOS Oil Block Map..............................................................................................................5
Introduction.........................................................................................................................7
How To Use This Book.........................................................................................................7
Context of South Sudanese Extractive Industries
History of Oil and Gas Industry........................................................................................13
Oil Production Shutdown of 2012.....................................................................................15
Dependence on Extractive Industries..............................................................................17
Sudan's Economy Before Discovery of Oil.......................................................................18
Impact of Sanctions...........................................................................................................19
Security and the Extractive Industries............................................................................21
Abyei Dispute......................................................................................................................23
Energy Industry Background
Hydrocarbon Reserves of Sudan and South Sudan.........................................................26
The 'Energy Mix'................................................................................................................28
The 'Energy Mix' in South Sudan.....................................................................................30
Energy Access.....................................................................................................................31
Public Finances...................................................................................................................33
Social and Environmental Context...................................................................................35
Local Content and Employment Issues............................................................................36
Regional Dynamics
Uganda................................................................................................................................37
Kenya...................................................................................................................................37
Ethiopia...............................................................................................................................38
Chinese Investment in Africa............................................................................................39
Chinese Investment in South Sudan................................................................................41
Regulatory Framework
Overview of Hydrocarbon Regulation..............................................................................44
Revenue Sharing Arrangements in Sudan and South Sudan.........................................45
Generic Oil and Gas Terms
Definition of Hydrocarbon Reserves................................................................................49
Oil Field Depletion..............................................................................................................51
Crude Oil Qualities.............................................................................................................51
Natural Gas.........................................................................................................................52
Natural Gas Flaring............................................................................................................54
Fuel Subsidies.....................................................................................................................54
Energy Governance Weak Points......................................................................................57
Oilfield services industry..................................................................................................59
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Key Infrastructure
Overview of Oil Infrastructure..........................................................................................62
Pipelines and Transit Fees in Sudan and South Sudan...................................................63
Oil and Gas Fields
Overview of Oil and Gas Fields..........................................................................................65
Crude Oil Qualities in South Sudan..................................................................................66
Unity oil field......................................................................................................................67
Heglig oil field....................................................................................................................68
Adar oil field.......................................................................................................................69
Thar Jath oil field...............................................................................................................69
State-owned Entities
Ministry of Petroleum and Mining...................................................................................71
Nilepet.................................................................................................................................72
Private Entities
Overview of IOCs in South Sudan.....................................................................................74
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).............................................................................75
Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC)...................................................77
White Nile Petroleum Operating Company (WNPOC)....................................................78
Petrodar..............................................................................................................................79
China National Petroleum Corporation...........................................................................80
Kufpec.................................................................................................................................84
Lundin Petroleum..............................................................................................................86
Petronas..............................................................................................................................89
ONGC Videsh.......................................................................................................................93
Sinopec................................................................................................................................96
Talisman Energy.................................................................................................................98
Total S.A............................................................................................................................101
Tri-Ocean Energy.............................................................................................................105
Resource Transparency Opportunities
Resource Curse.................................................................................................................107
Natural Resource Charter................................................................................................110
Resource Transparency Movement................................................................................112
EITI....................................................................................................................................114
Revenue Watch Institute.................................................................................................116
Global Witness..................................................................................................................117
Transparency International............................................................................................118
Transparency of Global Oil Companies (TI Report)..................................................120
Transparency of Contracts..............................................................................................121
WikiLeaks..........................................................................................................................123
Appendix
The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011 (excerpt) .......126
WikiLeaks on Sudan and South Sudan...........................................................................136
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Block 1,2,4, GNPOC Block 6, CNPCIS Block 12B, Free Block 17, Ansan
- 40% CNPC - 95% CNPC - 66% Ansan
- 30% Petronas - 5% Sudapet Block 13, CNPC, Pertamina & Sudapet - 34% Sudapet
- 25% ONGC Videsh - 40% CNPC
- 5% Sudapet Block 8, WNPOC-3 - 15% Pertamina Block A, Sudapak II
- 77% Petronas - 15% Sudapet - 83% Zafir
Block 3,7, PDOC - 15% Sudapet - 10% Dindir Petroleum - 17% Sudapet
- 41% CNPC - 8% Hi Tech - 10% Express Petroleum & Gas
- 40% Petronas - 10% Africa Energy Block B, Total
- 8% Sudapet Block 9,11, Sudapak I - 32,5% Total
- 6% Sinopec - 85% Zafir Block 14, Petro SA - 27,5% Kufpec
- 5% Al Thani - 15% Sudapet - 80% Petro SA - 10% Sudapet
- 20% Sudapet - 10% GOSS
Block 5A, WNPOC-1 Block 10, Free - 20% open
- 68,875 Petronas Block 15, RSPOC
- 24,125 ONGC Videsh Block 12A, Qahtani & Others - 35% Petronas Block C, APCO
- 7% Sudapet - 33% Qahtani - 35% CNPC - 65% Hi Tech
- 20% Ansan - 15% Sudapet - 17% Sudapet
Block 5B, WNPOC-2 - 20% Sudapet - 10% Express Petroleum & Gas - 10% Khartoum State
10% awarded to GOSS; composition - 15% Dindir Petroleum - 5% Hi Tech - 8% Hegleig
to be renegotiated - 7% Hi Tech
- 39% Petronas - 5% A.A. In. Block 16, Lundin Block Ea, Free
- 24,5% Lundin
- 23,5% ONGC Videsh
- 13% Sudapet
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Introduction
The South Sudan Oil Almanac has been created to significantly increase the stock of
information available in local contexts among journalists, civil society actors, govern-
ment officials and others. The Almanac provides a living database of publicly available
information around the South Sudanese oil industry, from both domestic and interna-
tional perspectives, and will form the basis for a locally based knowledge community
on these issues. The first edition of the Almanac has been prepared by OpenOil UG.
It is anticipated that the Almanac will provide the basis for a series of capacity build-
ing workshops for local South Sudanese wiki editors, who will then go on to be the sole
administrators of the Arabic version of the wiki, as well as to create a lasting resource
of information around the South Sudanese oil industry.
The online version of the wiki can be seen at southsudan.wiki.openoil.net. The inform-
ation currently available will only increase in quantity and quality as the number of
contributors to the platform increases.
All information included here is taken from publicly available sources and is clearly
referenced (see the footnotes at the end of each page), enabling the reader to locate
the source from which the information was taken for further research. Crucially, it
was created using MediaWiki software, meaning that there now exists an online data-
base of all of the articles which can be updated as more information becomes avail-
able. As such, this printed Almanac is merely a snapshot of what the database looks
like at any given moment; this bank of information will grow in the future as the on-
line articles are updated.
The ultimate goal of this resource is to create, by means of the capacity building work-
shops, a group of trained local editors who can take ownership of the guide and be re-
sponsible for its maintenance. This in turns creates a platform by which South Su-
danese can share perspectives and are able to access all of the information necessary
to hold their government to account in its use of extractive industry revenues, in or-
der to achieve valuable development outcomes for the South Sudanese people.
OpenOil has created similar guides for a range of other countries across the Middle
East, Africa and South America. If you are interested in finding out more, please see
our website at openoil.net, see our series of guides at wiki.openoil.net or get in touch
with us at [email protected].
How To Use This Book
For readers unfamiliar with how to use the book, the following three pages illustrate
potential use scenarios for journalists, civil society actors, and government officials.
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