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Anna Rosenqvist and Stefan Ekecrantz
Source Criticism on the Schedule
Teaching Critical Thinking
Anna Rosenqvist
Stenungsund, Sweden
Stefan Ekecrantz
Department of Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Stockholms Län,
Sweden
ISSN 2366-7672 e-ISSN 2366-7680
Springer Texts in Education
ISBN 978-3-031-14335-9 e-ISBN 978-3-031-14336-6
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14336-6
Translation from the Swedish language edition: “Källkritik på schemat- Det
kritiska tänkandets didaktik” by Anna Rosenqvist and Stefan Ekecrantz, ©
Liber AB. 2019. Published by Liber AB. All Rights Reserved.
The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine
translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was
done primarily in terms of content.
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Preface
This book is aimed at teachers who teach source criticism in various
contexts. The book addresses both explicit teaching content and
overarching goals related to students’ critical thinking in general. There is a
lot of Swedish and international literature on source criticism and critical
thinking, but much less on different perspectives on how to work with this
from a teacher’s perspective. This book is intended to fill such a need for
both practicing teachers at various levels and teacher students.
The book is divided into two separate parts that are intended to serve
partly different functions. Stefan Ekecrantz has had the main responsibility
for part 1. This part discusses more fundamental issues related to source
criticism and critical thinking, with separate chapters on, for example, how
to understand students’ (and teachers’) resistance to critical thinking from a
psychological perspective. In addition, philosophical perspectives on
normative values are discussed along with a concluding comment on
further reading. Part 1 is structured as a kind of dialogue with the reader, a
type of dialogue that the reader can use as inspiration for discussions with
his or her own pupils or students.
Anna Rosenqvist has had the main responsibility for part 2. This part is
built around concrete examples of lesson plans and practical didactic
choices. It is divided into nine different areas, and a short introduction to
each chapter is followed by suggestions for lesson plans from pre-school to
upper secondary school. The idea is that teachers will be able to find
inspiration for their own teaching and make their own adaptations to other
age groups and other subjects where necessary.
Stefan Ekecrantz
Anna Rosenqvist
Stockholm, Sweden
Stenungsund, Sweden
Contents
1 Introduction Part 1
What is Critical Thinking?
Between Blind Faith in Authority and Naive Scepticism
What is Being Critically Analysed?
Claims About “How” and “Why”
“Is that Really So?”
“How Do We Know—And with What Degree of Certainty?”
“Could It Be Any Other Way?”
Tendency Analysis
Degree of Intentionality—Conscious and Unconscious
Tendency
Degree of Accuracy
The Relationship Between Source and Question
The Relationship Between Whole and Parts
Credible Versus Non-credible Sources
Lack of Information and Ignorance
Psychological Perspectives
Cognitive Dissonance and Critical Thinking
Selective Source Criticism—Confirmation and Myside Bias
Critical Thinking as a Quality
Philosophical Perspectives
Hume’s Law—Facts and Values
Values First, Critical Thinking Training Second?
Does Critical Thinking Have an Ideological Colour?
Further Reading—Literature on Critical Thinking
References
2 Introduction Part 2
Making Source-Critical Arguments
Four Principles of Source Criticism
Who, What, How, When and Why?
Lesson Tips—Critical Reasoning
Refer—Plagiarise
Information Search Tools
Lesson Tips–Sources and Information Search
Copyright and Creative Commons
Lesson Tips—Copyright
The Harvard System
Lesson Tips—Reference System
News Consumption
What Will Be News?
Lesson Tips—News Consumption
Credibility of News
Lesson Tips—Working with the Credibility of Different
Sources
Objective/Subjective Source
Lesson Tip—Objective/Subjective Source
Wikipedia as a Source of Information
How Does Wikipedia Work?
Lesson Ideas—Working with Wikipedia
Images and Films—What I See, I See, Right?
YouTube as an Information Channel
Lesson Tips—Working with YouTube
Lesson Tips—Working with Images
Conspiracies and Alternative Facts
Conspiracy and Doomsday Theories
Lesson Tips—Conspiracy and Doomsday Theories
Fake News and Clickbait
Lesson Tips Fake News and Clickbaits
Lesson Tips—Spreading Rumours
Source Criticism in Several Curricula/Single Subjects
Historical Sources
Lesson Ideas—Historical Sources
Mathematical Sources
Lesson Ideas—Mathematical Sources
Search Engine Optimisation
What is Search Engine Optimisation?
Lesson Tips—Search Engine Optimisation
Top Level Domain
Lesson Tips—Top Level Domains
Social Media
New Situations Require New Conversations
Safe Online and Social Communication
Lesson Tips—Safe Online and Social Communication
Final Words
Research Assignment in the Form of Project Work
References
