Table Of Content'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''d
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Richard Northcott
lll , - Introduction 3
' 1i: ll' '
1 How Sound Moves 4
2 Low Sounds, High Sounds 6
3 Your Voice 8
4 M usicat lnstruments 10
5 M usic Around the W ortd 12
6 Orchestras and Concerts 14
7 Rhythm 16
8 Recordinj Music 18
9 Buying M usic 20
10 Sound and Noise 22
Activities 24
Projects 44
Picture Dictionary 46
About Read and Blscover 48
O XTO RD
1 UNIVERSITY PRESS
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ACKNOWLEDGE MENTS
Jllustmfftlcs hy: Alan Rowe pp.24, 30, 34. 41, 42. 46, 47., Kelly
U'NIAJERSIT'F Prtzsss Ifennedy pp.4, 19, 22' 1an Moores pp.5, 7, 8 15, 28' Dusan
Great Clarendon Street Oxford oxz 6DP Pavlic/Beehive lllustration pp.24, 30, 34, 38, 42. 46, 47.
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of Oxford. It furthers the Urtiversity's objective of excelience pcrTrlfssftlrë 170 reprpclucc phologrflphs tlnl. aîht?r crlpyrfght l'nt:f'fv-zi:
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GM Photo Images, tango band), 13 (ltlausqverner Friedrich/ Listen to t e soun s aroun ou. hat
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ltoîo player), 15 ('T'he Prinf Collecror), 16 (Giarlni Muratore),
Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaarn Hong Kong Karachi
2 1 (Eddie Gerald/graniophone), 22 (Tim. Cuffl', Corbis pp.9
Ifuala Lurrzpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi can ou ear?. an ou hear cars?. an ou
(@ IIA-A N-/tkxlll-lsl-lllç/Reutei's/throat singer). 13 (@ Frédéric
New Delhi Shanghai Taipei 'Ibronto Soltan/sygma/sitar player), 14 ((() Jacques Sal-rat/syglnal, 17 (@
With taffices in Ancly Itain/epa/bandl; Getty lmages pp.7 (David llrazier/stone/ ear eopte 's voices?. a e Ou can hear
Argentina Austria Brazil Chiie Czech Republic F'rance truck), 17 (altrendo images/llamenco), 20 (Ryan Mcvay/stoile),
GSirnegeacpe oGreu a5t0e1m.1tahl aK tnHreuan gSawl'yit zletrallayn Jda pTahna iPlaorltadn dTu Prkoeltyugal 2138 ,( M19at, t2 G1 r(caays/ssetottnees l'a Ondx fcodrsdl ; UPnhiovteorlsilbtyra Pl'yre 13sTs3 .p6 p(D.3a, v1i0d, D11e,as), atelev.l s*lon' or us@lc on the ra @Io.
Ukraine Vietnam 21 (lïric Nathan/Britain on Wew/jukebox).
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Look at these pictures. hat are these sounds?
countries
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No read anU GISCOVer
,.
ore about sound and usic!
H ow does sound m ove through the air?
The air is m ade of billions of m olecules.
The m olecules are very sm all, so you can't
see them .
Your voice pushes the m olecules. T he
m olecules m ove like waves in the ocean.
T he m ovem ents of the m olecules are
called sound waves.
T he sound waves from loud sounds go
far.-fhe sound waves from quiet sounds
don't go far.
W hen you spealt, sing, or shout, the sound
of your voice m oves through the air. The
sound goes to other people, and they hear
it. Sound m oves very fast.
,ït., fpi , . t sëçqjl ',tl, l1.
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. 'tt,iu,s ,,.ss,a w.;,,,.p,># so tj j.l é moves th ro U g h . . # () fj ,. ,. . .' t $? w ''A ..' '. .
air at about 350 meters per . ' e W Jrp..= . > mo . 'à
second. The sound of a bus 1./1. . . . X .1:,. ev '
moves faster than the bus! . 3. ' . .s.4 '.*%'.,...j O'. ' ''$'N.i.1tkvC 'k kis.c.)w e. . .' -26.m <. . .2u'. p .'k. r, r. '' 'fœ ' ' a.@ f '< . '.1 t%r*'' 4 .Njr. 2.=.. .L..'Q . . ï.v>.' F.'X. X'
G0 to pages 24-25 f0r activities.
Som e sounds are 1ow and som e sounds
are high.W e can hear 1ow sounds and
high sounds everywhere. A plane m akes
The thin guitar strings vibrate fast.You can't
a low sound, but when birds sing, they
see them m ove. The thick strings vibrate
m ake a high sound.
slowly. These different types of vibration are
Think about the strings of a guitar. The called frequency. The sound of the thin
thin strings m ake a high sound and the strings has a high frequency.The sound of
thick strings m alte a 1ow sound. the thick strings has a 1ow frequency.
A baby's cry m altes a high sound and it has
a high frequency. A truck m akes a 1ow
sound and it has a low frequency. A baby's
cry is m ade of lots of thin sound waves. The
sound w aves from a truclc are thicker.
Everyone's voice is different. A m an's voice
is usually lower than a wom an's voice.
Put your hand on the front of your throat
and say som ething.W hen you speakn your
throat vibrates. ln your throat, you have
vocal cords.W hen you speak, air from your
lungs goes between your vocal cords, and
your vocal cords vibrate. W hen you sing, you use your m outh, your
throat, and your chest.You m alte your vocal
cords shorter or longer, so that you can sing
high notes or 1ow notes. Singers can learn
' 14
how to use thel<, r bodyn . 4,
,,
SO that they can slm ng ')) '. ,.
;',j( :.
better. Som e s.l ngers . . .:.:. $./j, . ?i.. j,t.?'.
have teachers who (
'
,v,v . ,.- ,,..
help thenn . ' .LLb.j . ' .t, yh$'1t8@,.' T 1'2 . , .j, . .r,,,t. y. ,j..'', . ' t , y,rtz' &u'''.,,
. . ) r, .-, . . .. 2. .. . t . . b. . <J-$. ' . .2.) .' .' ' . y. .. )'sj;: è' 1 .) 2rkè z'L ! : ;'. a's . . , . , ...
k/; .. L .t :.:- h.. ... , t. ..t?,p rk. -),'. ,Ik, ..,'j, ),.;. .,. , ..- ) u.) :q'zk1:.. . -.-. :'.?'-xh grr. . hà. --y... t.. , ..ï) ,. ? . .. . q, y. , ,k. . ... . . . . . . , .. . p. .. . , rj . . ,. ., ,. . :4. .,,. . t , ... , -,. . .'z, ,.. y:y,. j,j,)y, yktatxjy k ,k.. u --,s-s. -:-t-o. . .. , 7..y
î-thttr,t)vL,:.,.)-)' So rn e peo p l.e I n S I be rl a. ,.. . .. ca n, l ., . , ' ..,',
.-..,, , '; ;L .b'''' s.l ng tWO notes at the sam' ' e t.l 'm e. '' ''. 'k . , ,, ! '' 1, : 7 ' ' ' ; '' . k.. . 1.
They are catted throat-singers. v* ,. ..' '
. #i s g,$ tt j' .' t ' ;. .. 7,. '
,
G 0 to pageu . ' s. 28 29. .v' . . ''. f. o. ï . : '' ' )r )' J. $ ( 'a''. )'.' Sc1'ïâ: t'(.l v .I t.l es . yjtjt.yjj;y r ttyyyy ,yyy ,
- yr)y,y.yj
.
.$W..0. . zyj j , r 4y
W hen a drum m er hits
a drum , the air in the
drum vibrates and
m altes a sound. Other
Let's look at different m usical instrum ents.
instrum ents, like
Som e are called w ind instrum ents. Players
cym bals or xylophones,
i
use air from their lungs when they play a
m ake a sound when the
wind instrum ent.
player hits them . These
instrum ents are called
Trum pet players press the trum pet on
their lips and they blow air into the ).. percussion instrum ents.
trum pet. T heir lips vibrate, then the air in
G uitars, violins, and cellos are stringed
the trum pet vibrates and m altes a sound.
instrum ents. G uitar players pluck the strings
of a guitar, but violin and cello players use a
bow. T hey touch the strings with the bow
and the strings vibrate.
A round the w orld you can tind thousands
of different m usical instrum ents.
ln Bali in Indonesia, there are orchestras
called gam elans. In a gam elan there are lots
T he ltoto is a stringed instrum ent from
of different percussion instrum ents.The
Japan. lt has 13 strings. Koto players pluck
players in a gam elan usually sit on the floor.
the strings with their thum b and two
T he bandoneon is a type of wind fingers.The players m ove the sm all, white
instrum ent. lt's like a box with air inside. bridges to m ake different notes.
You squeeze it and it m akes a sound. ln
The sitar is a stringed instrum ent from
Argentina, you can listen to bandoneon
lndia. It isn't easy to play. lt has lots of
players in the streets.
strings. Som e sitars have 23 strings.
T he m usicians in an orchestra listen to their
instrum ent, and to a11 the other instrum ents
at the sam e tim e. T he m usicians watch their
conductor, too.
M usicians in an orchestra always practice N ot a11 room s are good for concerts. In a
before a concert. W hen they practice, the room with flat w alls, the sound of the m usic
conductor som etim es tells them to play can bounce off the walls and m alte an echo.
slow er, or m ore loudly. C onductors m ove ln concert halls, the w alls are not flat. They
their hands and arm s to help the orchestra. are usually m ade of different panels. T he
sound bounces in different ways so there's
no echo.
W hen you listen to m usic, you som etim es
want to tap your foot.W hen you listen to
m usic with a strong rhythm , you want to
dance.
W hat is rhythm ? Sing your favorite song,
and tap your foot, too.T he sound of your
foot is the rhythm of the song. The rhythm
of a roclt band is strong.W hen you listen,
you want to m ove or dance.
