(Sonchus oleraceus L.) in Normal Albino Rats Ezdihar Elhadi Elamin Ahmed B.Sc. S

48 Pages·2017·1.2 MB·English

Investigation of Hypoglycemic Effects of Moleta (Sonchus
oleraceus L.) in Normal Albino Rats

Ezdihar Elhadi Elamin Ahmed

B.Sc. Science., Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, (2008)

A dissertation
Submitted to the University of Gezira in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for
the Award of the Master Degree in Biotechnology

Department of Biotechnology

Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

March / 2017
i
Investigation of Hypoglycemic Effects of Moleta (Sonchus
oleraceus L.) in Normal Albino Rats

Ezdihar Elhadi Elamin Ahmed

Supervision committee:
Name position Signature
Prof. Imad Eldin Mohamed Tag Eldin Main Supervisor ……………….
Dr. Mai Abdalla Ali Co-Supervisor ……………......
Prof. Awad Mohamed Abdel Rahim Co-Supervisor ………………..
March, 2017

ii
Investigation of Hypoglycemic Effects of Moleta (Sonchus
oleraceus L.) in Normal Albino Rats

Ezdihar Elhadi Elamin Ahmed

Examination committee:
Name position Signature
Prof. Imad Eldin Mohamed Tag Eldin Main Supervisor ………………
Prof. Hassan Beshir Alamin External examiner ………………
Dr. Maha Mirghani Abdalla Internal examiner ………………..

Date of Examination: 2, March 2017

iii
Declaration
I would like to declare that the dissertation entitled Investigation of Hypoglycemic
Effects of Moleta (Sonchus oleraceus L.) in Normal Albino Rats for Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of the Master Degree in Biotechnology, is
my own work throughout five months of continuous working and it is not taken from any

other previous studies.

Ezdihar Elhadi Elamin Ahmed

iv
Dedication
I dedicate this work
To
Everyone supported and encouraged me
During my
Educational life

v
Acknowledgment
The completion of this work could not have been possible without assistance of so many people
whose name not all be enumerated. However, I would like to express my deep appreciation and
gratitude to my main supervisor Prof. Imad Eldin M. Tag Eldin, Dean Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Gezira for his endless support, continuous valuable assistance, guidance and
experience. Great thankful to my co-supervisors Dr. Mai Abdalla Ali and Prof. Awad M.
Abdelraheem for their encouragement and advice given to me.
My really indebtedness and sincere gratitude to Dr. Abdelgadir Elamin rendering the laboratory
for the plant extract process.
I would like to thank the technicians of Pharmacology Laboratory for their patience and
assistance to complete work.
I do not forget to thank the group of pharmacy students for leading to the right direction and
learning from their practical experience.
Above all, thank to the great almighty, to Allah.

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Investigation of Hypoglycemic Effects of Moleta (Sonchus
oleraceus L.) in Normal Albino Rats
Ezdihar Elhadi Elamin Ahmed
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels.
Sonchus oleraceus is a herbal medicine that has been traditionally used for the treatment of
diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic and
hexane extracts of Sonchus oleraceus in normal albino rats using fasting blood glucose and
glucose tolerance tests. During the period of October ,2015 – March ,2016 at the Faculty of
Pharmacy- University of Gezira. 200 g of Sonchus oleraceus leaves powder were macerated in
two Liters of hexane for two days with thorough homogenization twice per day. The macerate
was filtered, evaporated and collected. Nine grams of the obtained residue were dissolved in 90
ml of corn oil, which was used for biological testing. The rest residue was furtherly subjected to
extraction using two Liters of ethanol (80%) for two days. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness,
then dissolved in distilled water and used for biological testing. Sixty albino rats, weighting (130
–190 g), were used. The rats were divided into six groups each of ten. Negative control group
received water (5ml) and the positive control group administered by glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)
which is known to increase insulin release from pancreatic β- cell. Four test groups received two
doses (150 and 300mg/kg) of hexane extract and hydroethanlic extract of Sonchus oleraceus
leaves. Hydroethanolic extract (150, 300 mg/kg) produced insignificant reduction in blood
glucose level (P-value = 0.2492, 0.1345), while hexane extract showed significant reduction ( P-
value = 0.001) in fasting blood glucose, moreover, hexane extract showed a significant reduction
in blood glucose level when using the glucose tolerance test (P-value = 0.3173, 0.0305). It was
evident that Sonchus oleraceus leaves revealed significant antihyperglycemic effects thus, it
could be used as a dietary supplement for type two diabetic patients. Further studies are required
to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of Sonchus oleraceus using diabetic rats and clinical trials
in human.

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مدلا ركس ىوتسم ضفخ ىف )Sonchus oleraceus L.) اتيلوملا تابن راثآ رابتخإ
ةيداعلا براجتلا نارئفل
دمحأ نيملأا يداهلا راهدزإ
ةساردلا صخلم
اهل يتلا ةيبشعلا ةيودلأا دحأ )اتيلوملا( ءابدنهلا تابن .مدلا ركس يف نمزم عافترإب زيمتي نمزم يضيأ للاتعإ وه يركسلا ءاد
تابنل لوناثيلااو ناسكيهلا صلختسم تاريثأت نم ققحتلا وه ةساردلا هذه نم فدهلا .يركسلا ضرم جلاعل ةيديلقت تامادختسإ
لمحت رابتخإو يمايصلا مدلا ركس ىوتسم رابتخإ مادختسإب براجتلا نارئفل مدلا ركس ىوتسم ضفخ يف )اتيلوملا( ءابدنهلا
ءابدنهلا قوحسم نم مارج 200 .ةريزجلا ةعماج– ةلديصلا ةيلكب 2016 سرام – 2015 ربوتكأ نم ةرتفلا يف كلذو .زوكولجلا
مث رخبتيل كرتو طيلخلا حشر .نيموي ةدمل مويلا يف نيترم طيلخلا كيرحت عم ناسكيهلا بيذم نم رتل 2 يف هعقن مت )اتيلوملا (
يقبتملا ءزجلا عضخ .ةيويحلا تارابتخلاا يف مدختسيل ةرذلا تيز نم لم 90 يف تبيذأ يقبتملا نم تامارج ةعست .عمج
متيل رطقم ءام يف بيذأ مث ، فجيل حشارلا كرتو ،نيموي ةدمل %80 هزيكرت لوناثيلإا بيذم نمرتل2 مادختسإب رخآ صلاختسلإ
نارئفلا تمسق .مارج 190 -130 نم مهنازوأ حوارتت براجتلا نارئف نم ارأف 60مدختسإ .ةيويحلا تارابتخلإا يف همادختسإ
، )لم 5( طقف ءام تيطعأ ةبلاسلا يسايقلا دهاشلا ةعومجم ةلاح يف .ارأف 10 ىلع يوتحت ةعومجم لك تاعومجم تس ىلإ
اتيب ايلاخ نم نيلوسنلاا زارفلإ هتدايزب فورعملا ، )مجك/مجلم5) glibenclamide تيطعأ ةبجوملا سايقلا دهاشلا ةعومجم
صلختسم و لوناثيلإا صلختسم نم )مجك/مجلم 150 و 130( نيتعرج تيطعأ رابتخإ تاعومجم ةعبرأو .سايركنبلا يف
يف يونعم رثا تاذ جئاتن لجسي مل )مجك/مجلم 150 و 130( هيزيكرتب لوناثيلإا صلختسم .اتيلوملا تابن قارولأ ناسكيهلا
يونعم رثا تاذ جئاتن ىطعأ ناسكيهلا صلختسم نأ نيح يف ، )0.1345 ،0.2492 = p value) مدلا ركس ىوتسم ضفخ
صلختسم ،كلذ ىلع ةولاع ، )0.001 = p value) يمايصلا ركسلا رابتخلإ مدلا يف ركسلا ىوتسم ضفخ يف ةيلاعف رثكأ
= p value) زوكولجلا لمحت رابتخلإ مدلا يف ركسلا ىوتسم ضفخ يف ىونعم رثا تاذ جئاتن ىطعأ اضيا ناسكيهلا
نكمي كلذلو مدلا ركسل اضفاخ ةيلاع ةيونعم ةيلاعف وذ ارثأ ترهظأ ءابدنهلا تابن قاروأ نأ نم دكأتلا مت .)0.0305و 0.3173
ءابدنهلا تابن راثآ مييقتل ثاحبلأا نم ديزم ءارجإب ةساردلا ىصوت،يناثلا عونلا نم يركسلا ىضرمل يئاذغ لمكمك اهمادختسإ
.ناسنلإا يلعةيريرس براجتو يركسلا ءادب ةباصم نارئف مادختسإب مدلا ركس ضفخل ) اتيلوملا(

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Table of Contents
Supervision committee
ii
Examination committee
iii
Declaration
iv
Dedication
v
Acknowledgment
vi
English Abstract
vii
Arabic Abstract
viii
Table of Contents
ix
List of Table
xii
List of Figures
xiii
List of abbreviations
xiv
Chapter one: Introduction
1. Introduction
2
1.1General Introduction
2
1.2 Justification
3
1.3 General Objective
3
1.4 Specific objectives
3
Chapter two: Literature review
2. Literature review
5
2.1 Diabetes
5
2.1.1 Types of diabetes mellitus
5
ix
2.1.1.1 Type-1diabetes (T1D)
5
2.1.1.2 Type-2diabetes (T2D)
5
2.1.2 Consequences of diabetes mellitus
6
2.1.3 Treatment of diabetes
6
2.2 Sonchus oleraceus L.
7
2.2.1 Classification
7
2.2.2 Species Description
7
2.2.3 Native and current distribution
9
2.2.4 Habitat
9
2.2.5 General using
9
2.3 Some reported properties and Pharmacological activities of Sonchus oleraceus
9
2.3.1 Antidepressant properties
9
2.3.2 Anxiolytic properties
10
2.3.3 antinociceptive properties
10
2.3.4 Antioxidant properties
10
2.3.5 Anti-inflammatory properties
12
2.3.6 Antibacterial properties
12
2.3.7 Anti HIV properties
12
2.4 Hypoglacmic effect of Sonchus oleraceus
13
2.5 Other medicinal plants possess hypoglycemic effect
14
Chapter Three: Materials and Method
3. Materials and Method
18
3.1 Materials
18
x