Solid State Physics, Vol. 60: Advances in Research and Applications

325 Pages·2006·4.963 MB·English

by  Henry Ehrenreich, Frans Spaepen (Eds.)

SOLID STATE PHYSICS
VOLUME60
Founding Editors
FREDERICKSEITZ
DAVIDTURNBULL
SOLID STATE
PHYSICS
Advances in
Research and Applications
Editors
HENRYEHRENREICH
FRANSSPAEPEN
DivisionofEngineeringandAppliedSciences
HarvardUniversity
Cambridge,Massachusetts
VOLUME60
AMSTERDAM•BOSTON•HEIDELBERG•LONDON•NEWYORK•OXFORD
PARIS•SANDIEGO•SANFRANCISCO•SINGAPORE•SYDNEY•TOKYO
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
84Theobald’sRoad,LondonWC1X8RR,UK
Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AE,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
30CorporateDrive,Suite400,Burlington,MA01803,USA
525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,California92101-4495,USA
Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper(cid:2)∞
Copyright©2006,ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science and Technology
RightsDepartmentinOxford,UK:phone:[phone];fax:(+44)(0)
1865853333;e-mail: [email protected] also completeyour
requeston-lineviatheElsevierhomepage(http://www.elsevier.com),byselecting
‘CustomerSupport’andthen‘ObtainingPermissions’
ISBN-13:978-0-12-607760-5
ISBN-10:0-12-607760-6
ISSN:0081-1947
ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications
visitourwebsiteathttp://books.elsevier.com
PrintedandboundinUSA
05 06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
CONTRIBUTORSTOVOLUME60............................................... vii
PREFACE ...................................................................... ix
StronglyCorrelatedElectrons
P.FULDE,P.THALMEIERANDG.ZWICKNAGL
I. Introduction............................................................... 2
II. SpecialFeaturesofStrongCorrelations........................................ 8
III. KondoLatticeSystems...................................................... 14
IV. QuantumPhaseTransitions.................................................. 30
V. PartialLocalization......................................................... 48
VI. ChargeOrdering........................................................... 66
VII. GeometricallyFrustratedLattices............................................. 122
VIII. High-EnergyExcitations .................................................... 147
IX. SummaryandOutlook...................................................... 176
Acknowledgment .......................................................... 179
Defect-InducedDynamicPatternFormationinMetalsandAlloys
Y.BRÉCHETANDC.HUTCHINSON
I. Introduction............................................................... 182
II. FreeEnergyChanges,DrivingForcesandEnergyInput .......................... 188
III. ChemicalPatterning:Interface-MediatedTransformations:EutectoidDecomposition
andDiscontinuousPrecipitation.............................................. 192
IV. StructuralDefectPatterning:GrainGrowth,RecoveryandRecrystallization......... 233
V. StructuralDefectPatterning:IrradiationandPlasticDeformation .................. 248
VI. Spatio-TemporalPatterninginPlasticity:ThePortevin–LeChatelierEffect.......... 273
VII. ConcludingRemarks ....................................................... 285
AUTHORINDEX ............................................................... 289
SUBJECTINDEX ............................................................... 303
This page intentionally left blank
ContributorstoVolume60
Numbersinparenthesesindicatethepagesonwhichtheauthors’contributionsbegin.
YVES BRÉCHET (181) Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et Physico-Chimie
Métallurgiques, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 38402, St. Martin
D’Hères,France
PETER FULDE (1) Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, 01187
Dresden,Germany
CHRISTOPHER HUTCHINSON (181) Department of Materials Engineering,
MonashUniversity,Clayton,3168,Vic,Australia
PETER THALMEIER (1) Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester
Stoffe,01187Dresden,Germany
GERTRUD ZWICKNAGL (1) Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische
UniversitätBraunschweig,38106Braunschweig,Germany
This page intentionally left blank
Preface
ThearticlebyFulde,ThalmeierandZwicknagltracesmanyoftherecentdevelop-
mentsinthefieldofstronglycorrelatedmanyelectronsystems.Itisveryuseful
both as a reference and a pedagogical exposition since it places these develop-
mentsintoahistoricalcontextbeginningwithearlydevelopmentsintheelectron
theory of solids. Together with its extensive references and its formal elucida-
tionofimportanttheoreticalsubjects,thearticlesuppliesanexcellententrypoint
intothefieldwhichiscloselycoupledtotheclassicworksonthesubject.Many
early important ideas, such as Hückel and Heitler–London theory, the Wigner
lattice, metal-insulator transitions originated in the thirties and were extensively
developedinthesixtieswhenitcametoberealizedthattransitionandrareearth
metals with their characteristic d and f electrons respectively should be viewed
as at least moderately strongly correlated systems requiring more sophisticated
theoreticaltreatmentsthanthosesuppliedbythesimplestbandtheories.Thede-
velopmentoftherelevanttheoriesareassociatedwithHubbardandMottamong
manyothers.TheyintroducedmodelHamiltonians,whichwereamenabletoeas-
ily performed calculation whose results exhibited metal-insulator transitions for
appropriatechoicesoftheinter-andintra-atomicphysicalparameters.TheHub-
bardHamiltonian,forexample,motivatedbylatticescontainingtransitionmetal
constituents has remained, in the authors’ words one of the “working horses of
many studies of strongly correlated” electron systems. Even though early con-
ventional applications are limited to d electrons, many of the generic effects of
stronglycorrelatedelectronsarecapturedbyitssolutions.
Aprincipalimpetusforthedevelopmentofthefieldisassociatedwiththedis-
coveryofhightemperaturesuperconductivityincopper-oxidebasedperovskites
in1986.Indeed,butforthestrongelectroncorrelationsinhole-dopedsupercon-
ductors like La2−xBaxCuO4 would be metallic instead of insulating antiferro-
magnetic. It is the richness of the periodic table resulting from the presence of
innershellelectronsintheheavierelementsandtheirassociatedcorrelationsthat
isresponsiblefortheseotherwiseunexpectedphysicaleffects.
Althoughsuperconductingphenomenaplayanimportantroleinthearticle,we
stressthattheprincipaltopicconcernsthemoregeneralbehaviorofstronglycor-
ix