Solaris Multithreaded Programming Guide

272 Pages·1994·1.63 MB·English

by  SunSoft Technology

Multithreaded Programming
Guide
SunMicrosystems,Inc.
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PartNo:816–5137–12
September2008
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080829@20795
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................................................13
1 CoveringMultithreadingBasics........................................................................................................17
MultithreadingTerms.........................................................................................................................17
SolarisMultithreadingLibrariesandStandards..............................................................................19
BenefitingFromMultithreading .......................................................................................................20
ImprovingApplicationResponsiveness....................................................................................20
UsingMultiprocessorsEfficiently..............................................................................................20
ImprovingProgramStructure....................................................................................................20
UsingFewerSystemResources ..................................................................................................21
CombiningThreadsandRPC ....................................................................................................21
MultithreadingConcepts ...................................................................................................................22
ConcurrencyandParallelism .....................................................................................................22
MultithreadingStructure ............................................................................................................22
ThreadScheduling.......................................................................................................................23
ThreadCancellation ....................................................................................................................24
ThreadSynchronization .............................................................................................................24
Usingthe64-bitArchitecture ............................................................................................................25
2 BasicThreadsProgramming..............................................................................................................27
LifecycleofaThread ...........................................................................................................................27
ThePthreadsLibrary ..........................................................................................................................28
CreatingaDefaultThread ..........................................................................................................28
WaitingforThreadTermination...............................................................................................30
SimpleThreadsExample.............................................................................................................31
DetachingaThread .....................................................................................................................32
CreatingaKeyforThread-SpecificData...................................................................................33
3
Contents
DeletingtheThread-SpecificDataKey .....................................................................................34
SettingThread-SpecificData......................................................................................................35
GettingThread-SpecificData.....................................................................................................36
GlobalandPrivateThread-SpecificDataExample..................................................................37
GettingtheThreadIdentifier......................................................................................................39
ComparingThreadIDs...............................................................................................................39
CallinganInitializationRoutineforaThread..........................................................................40
YieldingThreadExecution.........................................................................................................41
SettingtheThreadPolicyandSchedulingParameters............................................................41
GettingtheThreadPolicyandSchedulingParameters...........................................................42
SettingtheThreadPriority .........................................................................................................43
SendingaSignaltoaThread.......................................................................................................43
AccessingtheSignalMaskoftheCallingThread.....................................................................44
ForkingSafely...............................................................................................................................45
TerminatingaThread .................................................................................................................45
FinishingUp .................................................................................................................................46
CancelaThread............................................................................................................................46
CancellingaThread.....................................................................................................................48
EnablingorDisablingCancellation...........................................................................................48
SettingCancellationType...........................................................................................................49
CreatingaCancellationPoint.....................................................................................................50
PushingaHandlerOntotheStack .............................................................................................50
PullingaHandlerOfftheStack ..................................................................................................51
3 ThreadAttributes ................................................................................................................................53
AttributeObject...................................................................................................................................53
InitializingAttributes ..................................................................................................................54
DestroyingAttributes..................................................................................................................56
SettingDetachState .....................................................................................................................56
GettingtheDetachState..............................................................................................................57
SettingtheStackGuardSize .......................................................................................................58
GettingtheStackGuardSize ......................................................................................................59
SettingtheScope ..........................................................................................................................60
GettingtheScope .........................................................................................................................61
SettingtheThreadConcurrencyLevel......................................................................................61
4 MultithreadedProgrammingGuide • September2008
Contents
GettingtheThreadConcurrencyLevel.....................................................................................62
SettingtheSchedulingPolicy......................................................................................................62
GettingtheSchedulingPolicy ....................................................................................................63
SettingtheInheritedSchedulingPolicy ....................................................................................64
GettingtheInheritedSchedulingPolicy ...................................................................................65
SettingtheSchedulingParameters.............................................................................................65
GettingtheSchedulingParameters ...........................................................................................66
AboutStacks .................................................................................................................................68
SettingtheStackSize ...................................................................................................................69
GettingtheStackSize ..................................................................................................................70
SettingtheStackAddressandSize.............................................................................................71
GettingtheStackAddressandSize............................................................................................72
4 ProgrammingwithSynchronizationObjects.................................................................................73
MutualExclusionLockAttributes.....................................................................................................74
InitializingaMutexAttributeObject.........................................................................................75
DestroyingaMutexAttributeObject ........................................................................................76
SettingtheScopeofaMutex .......................................................................................................77
GettingtheScopeofaMutex......................................................................................................78
SettingtheMutexTypeAttribute...............................................................................................78
GettingtheMutexTypeAttribute..............................................................................................79
SettingtheMutexAttribute'sProtocol ......................................................................................80
GettingtheMutexAttribute'sProtocol .....................................................................................82
SettingtheMutexAttribute'sPriorityCeiling..........................................................................82
GettingtheMutexAttribute'sPriorityCeiling.........................................................................83
SettingtheMutex'sPriorityCeiling...........................................................................................84
GettingtheMutex'sPriorityCeiling..........................................................................................85
SettingtheMutex'sRobustAttribute.........................................................................................85
GettingtheMutex'sRobustAttribute........................................................................................87
UsingMutualExclusionLocks ..........................................................................................................87
InitializingaMutex......................................................................................................................88
MakingaMutexConsistent........................................................................................................89
LockingaMutex...........................................................................................................................90
UnlockingaMutex ......................................................................................................................92
LockingaMutexWithoutBlocking...........................................................................................93
5
Contents
LockingaMutexBeforeaSpecifiedAbsoluteTime.................................................................94
LockingaMutexWithinaSpecifiedTimeInterval .................................................................95
DestroyingaMutex......................................................................................................................95
CodeExamplesofMutexLocking .............................................................................................96
UsingSpinLocks ...............................................................................................................................101
InitializingaSpinLock..............................................................................................................101
AcquiringaSpinLock ...............................................................................................................102
AcquiringaNon-BlockingSpinLock......................................................................................103
UnlockingaSpinLock ..............................................................................................................103
DestroyingaSpinLock .............................................................................................................104
ConditionVariableAttributes.........................................................................................................105
InitializingaConditionVariableAttribute ............................................................................106
RemovingaConditionVariableAttribute..............................................................................107
SettingtheScopeofaConditionVariable ..............................................................................107
GettingtheScopeofaConditionVariable .............................................................................108
SettingtheClockSelectionConditionVariable.....................................................................109
GettingtheClockSelectionConditionVariable....................................................................110
UsingConditionVariables...............................................................................................................110
InitializingaConditionVariable .............................................................................................111
BlockingonaConditionVariable ...........................................................................................112
UnblockingOneThread ...........................................................................................................113
BlockingUntilaSpecifiedTime...............................................................................................115
BlockingForaSpecifiedInterval..............................................................................................116
UnblockingAllThreads............................................................................................................117
DestroyingtheConditionVariableState................................................................................119
LostWake-UpProblem ............................................................................................................119
ProducerandConsumerProblem...........................................................................................120
SynchronizationWithSemaphores ................................................................................................123
NamedandUnnamedSemaphores.........................................................................................124
CountingSemaphoresOverview .............................................................................................125
InitializingaSemaphore ...........................................................................................................125
IncrementingaSemaphore.......................................................................................................127
BlockingonaSemaphoreCount..............................................................................................128
DecrementingaSemaphoreCount .........................................................................................128
DestroyingtheSemaphoreState ..............................................................................................129
ProducerandConsumerProblemUsingSemaphores .........................................................130
6 MultithreadedProgrammingGuide • September2008
Contents
Read-WriteLockAttributes.............................................................................................................131
InitializingaRead-WriteLockAttribute ................................................................................132
DestroyingaRead-WriteLockAttribute................................................................................132
SettingaRead-WriteLockAttribute .......................................................................................133
GettingaRead-WriteLockAttribute ......................................................................................133
UsingRead-WriteLocks ..................................................................................................................134
InitializingaRead-WriteLock .................................................................................................134
AcquiringtheReadLockonRead-WriteLock ......................................................................135
AcquiringaReadLockonaRead-WriteLockBeforeaSpecifiedAbsoluteTime .............136
AcquiringaNon-BlockingReadLockonaRead-WriteLock..............................................137
AcquiringtheWriteLockonaRead-WriteLock ..................................................................138
AcquiringaNon-blockingWriteLockonaRead-WriteLock ............................................139
AcquiringaWriteLockonaRead-WriteLockBeforeaSpecifiedAbsoluteTime............139
UnlockingaRead-WriteLock..................................................................................................140
DestroyingaRead-WriteLock.................................................................................................141
UsingBarrierSynchronization........................................................................................................142
InitializingaSynchronizationBarrier.....................................................................................142
WaitingforThreadstoSynchronizeataBarrier ...................................................................143
DestroyingaSynchronizationBarrier.....................................................................................144
InitializingaBarrierAttributesObject....................................................................................144
SettingaBarrierProcess-SharedAttribute .............................................................................145
GettingaBarrierProcess-SharedAttribute............................................................................145
DestroyingaBarrierAttributesObject ...................................................................................146
SynchronizationAcrossProcessBoundaries.................................................................................147
ProducerandConsumerProblemExample...........................................................................147
ComparingPrimitives ......................................................................................................................148
5 ProgrammingWiththeSolarisSoftware.......................................................................................151
ForkingIssuesinProcessCreation..................................................................................................151
Fork-OneModel ........................................................................................................................152
Fork-AllModel...........................................................................................................................155
ChoosingtheRightFork ...........................................................................................................155
ProcessCreation:execandexitIssues..........................................................................................155
Timers,Alarms,andProfiling..........................................................................................................156
Timers .........................................................................................................................................156
7
Contents
Alarms .........................................................................................................................................156
ProfilingaMultithreadedProgram .........................................................................................156
NonlocalGoto:setjmpandlongjmp ..............................................................................................156
ResourceLimits .................................................................................................................................157
LWPsandSchedulingClasses..........................................................................................................157
TimeshareScheduling...............................................................................................................158
RealtimeScheduling ..................................................................................................................158
FairShareScheduling ................................................................................................................159
FixedPriorityScheduling..........................................................................................................159
ExtendingTraditionalSignals .........................................................................................................159
SynchronousSignals..................................................................................................................160
AsynchronousSignals ...............................................................................................................160
ContinuationSemantics ...........................................................................................................161
OperationsonSignals................................................................................................................162
Thread-DirectedSignals ...........................................................................................................163
CompletionSemantics ..............................................................................................................164
SignalHandlersandAsync-SignalSafety................................................................................166
InterruptedWaitsonConditionVariables.............................................................................168
I/OIssues............................................................................................................................................168
I/OasaRemoteProcedureCall ...............................................................................................168
TamedAsynchrony ...................................................................................................................169
AsynchronousI/O .....................................................................................................................169
SharedI/OandNewI/OSystemCalls.....................................................................................170
Alternativestogetcandputc ..................................................................................................171
6 ProgrammingWithSolarisThreads................................................................................................173
ComparingAPIsforSolarisThreadsandPOSIXThreads...........................................................173
MajorAPIDifferences...............................................................................................................174
FunctionComparisonTable.....................................................................................................174
UniqueSolarisThreadsFunctions ..................................................................................................178
SuspendingThreadExecution .................................................................................................178
ContinuingaSuspendedThread .............................................................................................179
SimilarSynchronizationFunctions—Read-WriteLocks.............................................................180
InitializeaRead-WriteLock.....................................................................................................180
AcquiringaReadLock ..............................................................................................................181
8 MultithreadedProgrammingGuide • September2008