SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM

73 Pages·2012·1.44 MB·English

Project Report on
SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM
(Approved by KSCST)

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belagavi

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering

Submitted By
R. Ameen Ahmed 1CE13ME057
Mohammed Zeeya Mudnal 1CE13ME044
S. Sanjay Kumar 1CE13ME065
Shivappa 1CE13ME074

Under the guidance of
Mr. HARSHA VARDHAN U
Assistant professor
Department of Mechanical Engg .
CEC, Bangalore

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Vasanthapura, Kanakapura Main Road Bangalore - 560 062

2016-17
CITY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Vasanthapura, Kanakapura Main Road Bangalore - 560 062

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Certificate

Certified that the project work entitled “SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND
AERATION SYSTEM” is a bonafide work carried out by Mr. R. Ameen Ahmed
(1CE13ME057), Mr. Mohammed Zeeya Mudnal (1CE13ME044), Mr. Sanjay Kumar
(1CE13ME065), and Mr. Shivappa (1CE13ME074) in partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the year 2016-17. It is certified that all corrections / suggestions
indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the Report deposited in the
departmental library. The project has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements
in respect of Project work prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD
(Mr. Harsha Vardhan U) (Uma T.R)

Signature of Principal
(Dr. Bharathesh T.P)

External Viva

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1.

2.
DECLARATION

We,Mr.R.Ameen.Ahmed(1CE13ME057),Mr.Mohammed.Zeeya.Mudnal
(1CE13ME044), Mr.S.Sanjay.Kumar (1CE13ME065), Mr.Shivappa (1CE13ME074)
hereby declare that the project work entitled “SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND
AERATION SYSTEM” has been independently carried out by us under the guidance of
Mr. HARSHA VARDHAN U, Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, City Engineering College, Bangalore, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements of the Degree in Bachelor Of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi.

We further declare that we have not submitted this report either in part or in full to any
other university for the award of any degree.

NAMES USN NO SIGNATURE

R.AMEEN.AHMED 1CE13ME057………………………………..

MOHAMMED.ZEEYA.MUDNAL 1CE13ME044…………………………..........

S.SANJAY.KUMAR 1CE13ME065………………………………...

SHIVAPPA 1CE13ME074………………………………..

Place: Bangalore
Date:
ABSTRACT

Water aeration and filtration is a method to improve the water quality in a lake or pond by
adding oxygen to the water and filtering it. As water aeration systems are often located in
remote locations, Solar panels are ideal for powering these systems. This paper describes a
water aeration and filtration system powered by Solar panels. The portable nature of this
system permits the owner to conveniently relocate the system aerate and filter bodies of
water as needed.
The present invention is a solar powered aeration and filtration system that
incorporates a battery. The device can be used for improvement of water bodies for use in
aqua culture systems, reservoirs, fish tanks, lakes, and ponds alike. The device doesn’t
require connection to the electrical power grid and may be used in any location. Further,
the device can be used during periods of low oxygen content and filtration of polluted water
bodies. Increased efficiency can be obtained by matching the pump size, solar panels,
filters, batteries according to the area of the water boy to be covered.

(i)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We express our happiness and gratitude for having completed the project titled “SOLAR
POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM” without any hindrances.

Our sincere thanks to the management of CEC, who have strived to provide the best to the
students in all aspects.

We express our deep gratitude to Mr. HARSHAVARDHAN U, Assistant professor, Dept.
of Mechanical Engineering, City Engineering College, our internal guide for his inspiration
and guidance to complete the project.

We would also like to thank our Head of the Department, Mrs. UMA T R, City
Engineering College, Bangalore, for the encouragement that she gives us to achieve higher
and greater things in life.

We fall short of words to thank and express gratitude to our beloved principal,
Dr. BHARATHESH T P, City Engineering College, Bangalore.

I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all the respected faculty of the Department
of Mechanical Engineering for their extreme support which helped me in completing the
project successfully.

It is my pleasure to acknowledge my family and friends who helped me in completing the
project successfully.

(ii)
LIST OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE…………………………………………………………… i
DECLARATION………………………………………………………….. ii
ABSTARCT……………………………………………………………….. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………... iv

CHAPTER 1……………………………………………………………….. 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….. 2
1.2 SHOULD WATER BE CHLORINATED…………………………… 3
1.3 REDUCING THE CONCENTRATION OF
CHEMICALS IN WATER………………………………………….. 3
CHAPTER 2………………………………………………………………. 4
2.1 BOILING…………………………………………………………….... 5
2.2 HOUSEHOLD SLOW SAND FILTER……………………………... 6
2.3 WATER CHLORINATION AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL…………. 8
2.4 STORAGE AND SEDEMENTAION……………………………….. 9
CHAPTER 3…………………………………………………………….... 12
3.1 POTABLE WATER PURIFICATION…………………………….. 13
3.2 ADDITIONAL TREATMENT OPTIONS………………………… 13
CHAPTER 4……………………………………………………………... 17
4.1 SAND FILTER………………………………………………………. 19
4.2 WATER CHOLRINATION………………………………………… 20
4.3 CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY…………………………………... 22
4.4 SAND BED FILTRATION CONCEPT…………………………… 22
CHAPTER 5……………………………………………………………... 24
5.1 SOURCES OF WATER…………………………………………...... 26
5.2 PRE-TREATMENT………………………………………………… 27
5.3 COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION………………………. 28
5.4 SEDIMENTATION…………………………………………………. 29
5.5 SLUDGE STORAGE AND REMOVAL…………………………... 29
5.6 FLOC BLANKET CLARIFIERS…………………………………...... 30
5.7 DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION……………………………………... 30
5.8 RAPID SAND FILTER………………………………………………... 30
5.9 SLOW SAND FILTERS……………………………………………...... 31
5.10 MEMBRANE FILTRATION………………………………………… 32
CHAPTER 6……………………………………………………………….... 34
6.1 ELECTRICAL DC MOTORS………………………………………… 35
6.2 FISH TANK…………………………………………………………….. 38
6.3 GEARED DC MOTOR……………………………………………….... 38
6.4 L293D DC MOTOR DRIVER IC……………………………………… 40
6.5 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY………………………………………... 42
6.6 LIGHT SENSORS……………………………………………………… 44
CHAPTER 7………………………………………………………………… 49
7.1 PIC MICROCONTROLLER………………………………………….. 50
7.2 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT…………………………………………. 51
7.3 RESISTORS…………………………………………………………… 53
7.4 SOLAR PANEL……………………………………………………….. 56
7.5.1 LEAD ACID BATTERY……………………………………………. 58
7.5.2 VRLA BATTERY…………………………………………………… 58
7.6WATER PUMP MOTOR……………………………………………… 59
ADVANTAGES……………………………………………………………… 62
APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………….. 62
CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………. 63
BIBLOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………….. 64
LIST OF FIGURES

FIG.NO CONTENTS PG.NO

1. BOILING TECHNOLOGY 5
2. HOUSEHOLD FLOWS AND FILTER 6
3. DOMESTIC CHLORINATION 9
4. TYPICAL SMALL DC MOTOR 35
5. DC SERVO MOTOR 37
6. GLASS 38
7.1 GEARD DC MOTOR EXTERNAL STRUCTURE 39
7.2 GEARD DC MOTOR INTERNAL STRUCTURE 39
8.1 L293D PIN CONFIGURATION 41
8.2 L293D BASED MOTOR DRIVER 42
9.1 LCD DISPLAY UNIT 42
9.2 INTERNAL WORKING LCD UNIT 43
10.1 TYPICAL LDR 44
10.2 THE LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR CELL 45
11. LIGHT LEVEL SENSING CIRCUIT 46
12. PHOTO-DIODE CIRCUIT 47
13. PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL 47
14. PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELL 48
15. PIC MICROCONTROLLER 51
16. TRANSFORMER 52
17.1 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT 53
17.2 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT ALONG WITH 53
RGULATOR
18.1 CARBON RESISTOR 54
18.2 FILM RESISTOR 55
18.3 WIRE WOUND RESISTOR 56
19. OPERATION OF SOLAR PANEL 57
20. VRLA BATTERY 59
21. WATER PUMP MOTOR 59
22. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SOLAR POWERED LAKE 60
AND POND AERATION SYSTEM

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 LIST OF MATERIALS 61
SOLAR POWERED LAKE AND POND AERATION SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

DEPT OF MECHANICAL, CEC 2016-2017 Page 1