Table Of ContentEnvironmental Science and Engineering
Pravat Kumar Shit
Partha Pratim Adhikary
Gouri Sankar Bhunia
Debashish Sengupta Editors
Soil Health and
Environmental
Sustainability
Application of Geospatial Technology
Environmental Science and Engineering
Series Editors
Ulrich Förstner, Buchholz, Germany
Wim H. Rulkens, Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen,
The Netherlands
The ultimate goal of this series is to contribute to the protection of our environment,
which calls for both profound research and the ongoing development of solutions
and measurements by experts in the field. Accordingly, the series promotes not only
a deeper understanding of environmental processes and the evaluation of
management strategies, but also design and technology aimed at improving
environmental quality. Books focusing on the former are published in the subseries
Environmental Science, those focusing on the latter in the subseries Environmental
Engineering.
· ·
Pravat Kumar Shit Partha Pratim Adhikary
·
Gouri Sankar Bhunia Debashish Sengupta
Editors
Soil Health
and Environmental
Sustainability
Application of Geospatial Technology
Editors
Pravat Kumar Shit Partha Pratim Adhikary
Geography Soil Science
Raja N. L. Khan Womens College ICAR Indian Institute of Water
(Autonomous) Management
Midnapore, West Bengal, India Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Gouri Sankar Bhunia Debashish Sengupta
GIS Scientist Department of Geology and Geophysics
TPF Getinsa Euroestudios S.l Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Gurgaon, Haryana, India Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
ISSN 1863-5520 ISSN 1863-5539 (electronic)
Environmental Science and Engineering
ISBN 978-3-031-09269-5 ISBN 978-3-031-09270-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09270-1
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2022
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Dedicated to
Young Scholars in the field of Soil Science
and Environment
Preface
Soil and agricultural systems are an integral part of the global environment and human
well-being, providing multiple goods and services essential for people worldwide
and crucial for sustainable development. Soil contamination is an environmental
hazard, and has become a big issue related to environmental health. The challenge of
twenty-first century is to reduce the contaminant load and bring it to below permis-
sible level. The contamination is not only a problem affecting local environments at
the place of occurrence but also spreading to other regions because of easy trans-
portation of pollutants. This leads to direct and indirect contamination of land and
aquatic systems, surface water and groundwater, inducing significant risks for natural
ecosystems. The liquid waste and leachates generated from the solid waste percolate
into the ground causing problems like groundwater contamination, degradation of
vegetation, modification of soil properties, etc. Soil is a “universal sink” which bears
the greatest burden of environmental pollution. It is getting polluted in a number
of ways. However, there is an urgent need for proper management and geospatial
modelling to control soil pollution in order to preserve soil fertility and increase
productivity as well as reduce the ecological risk.
GIS data management and spatial modelling provide the possibility to examine
large amount of data simultaneously by incorporating layers of different data into
one, which expands the field of application to environmental modelling and scenario
simulation. Spatial tools and geostatistical applications are useful techniques for
assessment of values at un-sampled locations and account the spatial correlation
between projected and sampled points and minimizing the discrepancy of assessment
error, trends and patterns in large amounts of data and implementation costs.
This book is composed of 31 chapters associated with spatial modelling in soil
and sediments pollution, and remediation, radioactive wastes, microbiology of soil
and sediments, soil salinity and sodicity, pollution from landfill sites, soil erosion
and contamination from agricultural activities, heavy metal pollution and health risk,
Environmental impact and risk assessment, sustainable land use, landscape manage-
ment and governance, soil degradation and risk assessment, agricultural soil pollu-
tion, pollution due to urban activities, soil pollution by industrial effluents and solid
wastes, pollution control and mitigation in extreme environments. The content of this
vii
viii Preface
book will be of interest to researchers, professionals and policymakers who work in
the soil science and agriculture practices. The book equips with the knowledge and
skills to tackle a wide range of issues manifested in geographic data, including those
with scientific, societal and environmental implications.
We are very much thankful to all the authors who have meticulously completed
their documents on a short announcement and played a vital role in building this
edifying and beneficial publication. We do believe that this will be a very convenient
book for soil science, geographers, ecologists, environmental scientists and others
working in the field of soil-water resources management including research scholars,
environmentalists and policymakers. We also acknowledge our deep gratitude to the
Springer Publishing House for contracting with us for such timely publication.
Midnapore, India Pravat Kumar Shit
Bhubaneswar, India Partha Pratim Adhikary
Gurgaon, India Gouri Sankar Bhunia
Kharagpur, India Debashish Sengupta
Acknowledgments
The preparation of this book has been guided by several soil pioneers. We are obliged
to these experts for providing their time to evaluate the chapters published in this
book. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that led
to substantial improvement to the quality of this book. Because this book was a long
time in the making, we want to thank our family and friends for their continued
support. This work would not have been possible without constant inspiration from
our students, knowledge from our teachers, enthusiasm from our colleagues and
collaborators, and support from our family. Finally, we also thank our publisher and
its publishing editor, Springer, for their continuous support in the publication of this
book.
ix
Contents
Part I Measurement, Monitoring and Mapping of Soil and Land
Resources
1 Open-Source Satellite Repository and Geographic
Information System (GIS) for Soil Resource Mapping ............ 3
Nidhi Kanwar, Sumit Rai, and Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal
2 Applicability of Open Source Satellite Data and GIS for Soil
Resources Inventorying and Monitoring ......................... 27
M. Chandrakala, R. Srinivasan, K. Sujatha, Sunil P. Maske,
Rajendra Hegde, and B. S. Dwivedi
3 Application of Discrete Element Method Simulation
in Environmental Modeling .................................... 43
Alireza Sadeghi-Chahardeh and Silvio José Gumiere
4 Geospatial Techniques and Methods for Sustainability
in Agricultural Management ................................... 61
Mariana Amato, Alessio Pollice, and Roberta Rossi
5 Soil and Vegetation in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
and Their Correlation ......................................... 87
Saikat Banerjee, P. K. Khatri, and S. K. Banerjee
6 Salt Affected Soils: Global Perspectives ......................... 107
Nirmalendu Basak, Arvind Kumar Rai, Arijit Barman,
Subashis Mandal, Parul Sundha, Sandeep Bedwal, Sanjay Kumar,
Rajender Kumar Yadav, and Parbodh Chander Sharma
7 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
in Assessment of Salt Affected Soils for Management in Large
Scale Soil Survey .............................................. 131
R. Srinivasan, M. Lalitha, M. Chandrakala, S. Dharumarajan,
and Rajendra Hegde
xi
