Table Of ContentSocial Regulation: Case Studies from Tibetan History
Brill’s
Tibetan Studies
Library
Edited by
Henk Blezer
Alex McKay
Charles Ramble
volume 41
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/btsl
Social Regulation: Case Studies
from Tibetan History
Edited by
Jeannine Bischoff and Saul Mullard
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Cover illustration: Lhasa, Potala. Bundesarchiv. Picture 135-S-15-04-10, Photo: Schäfer, Ernst 1938/1939.
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Contents
Acknowledgements vii
List of Contributors viii
Introduction 1
1 Regulating Sikkimese Society: The Fifteen-clause Domestic Settlement
(nang ’dum) of 1876 10
Saul Mullard
2 Reason against Tradition: An Attempt at Cultural Reform in a
Tibetan-speaking Community in Panchayat-Era Nepal 49
Charles Ramble and Nyima Drandul
3 Monastic Guidelines (bCa’ yig): Tibetan Social History from a Buddhist
Studies Perspective 64
Berthe Jansen
4 The lCags stag dmag khrims (1950): A New Development in Tibetan
Legal and Military History? 99
Alice Travers
5 On the Exercise of Jurisdiction in Southeast Tibet after the Rise of the
Ganden Phodrang Government 126
Peter Schwieger
6 Completely, Voluntarily and Unalterably? Values and Social Regulation
among Central Tibetan mi ser during the Ganden Phodrang Period 151
Jeannine Bischoff
7 A Study of the Treaty of the First Tibet-Gorkha War of 1789 181
Yuri Komatsubara
8 A Study of gTan tshigs: A Genre of Land Tenure Document and Its
Implication in Tibetan Social History 197
Kensaku Okawa
vi contents
9 Different Copies of the Iron-Tiger Land Settlement and Their
Historical Value as Taxation Manuals 209
Kalsang Norbu Gurung
10 State, Law, and Morality in Traditional Tibet 231
Fernanda Pirie
Index 251
Acknowledgements
This volume is the second in a series of collected papers representing the
results of the research project “Social History of Tibetan Societies, 17th–20th
Centuries” (http://www.tibetanhistory.net/). The project, which has been run-
ning from March 2012 to February 2015, is funded by France’s National Research
Agency (ANR) and the German Research Council (DFG). The host institutions
in France are the Centre de Recherche sur les Civilisations de l’Asie Orientale
(CRCAO, UMR 8155) and the École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE); and
in Germany the Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies, Institute for
Oriental and Asian Studies (IOA), University of Bonn.
The editors wish to thank the contributors for their patience while the vol-
ume was in its making, and everybody involved in this process—proofreaders,
commentators and discussants. We would especially like to thank Charles
Ramble and Fernanda Pirie for their editorial help with the volume.
List of Contributors
Alice Travers
is a researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), in
the East Asian Civilisations Research Centre (CRCAO), Paris, where she works
on social history in 19th and 20th century traditional Tibet. Her PhD disserta-
tion and several articles deal with the subject of the aristocracy, as well as the
intermediate/middle classes of Central Tibet. She is currently working on the
history of the Ganden Phodrang army.
Berthe Jansen
is a researcher at Leiden University. Her current research focuses on the inter-
action between monastic and secular law in the Ganden Phodrang period,
a four-year project funded by the NWO’s VENI grant. In general, she is inter-
ested in the influence of the pre-modern Tibetan Buddhist monastery on soci-
ety at large. The main sources she examines are Tibetan monastic guidelines
(bca’ yig), on which she has published various articles. In 2015, she obtained
her PhD in Buddhist Studies at Leiden University with a dissertation entitled
“The Monastery Rules: Buddhist Monastic Organization in Pre-modern Tibet.”
In addition to her academic research endeavours, she has been working as an
interpreter and translator of (Buddhist) Tibetan since 2004.
Charles Ramble
is Directeur d’études (Professor of Tibetan History and Philology) at the
Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, a position he has held since 2009.
From 2000 to 2010 he was the Lecturer in Tibetan and Himalayan Studies at
the University of Oxford, where he continues to hold a position as University
Research Lecturer. His publications include The Navel of the Demoness: Tibetan
Buddhism and Civil Religion in Highland Nepal (2008), and several volumes in
a series entitled Tibetan Sources for a Social History of Mustang (2008, 2016).
His research interests include Tibetan social history, Bon, biographical writing,
and Tibetan ritual literature and performance.
Fernanda Pirie
is Professor of the Anthropology of Law, at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies,
of the University of Oxford. She has carried out anthropological studies of legal
practices in the Tibetan world and is engaged on a historical study of Tibet’s
laws in its medieval period. She is the author of The Anthropology of Law
(OUP, 2013) and Peace and Conflict in Ladakh (Brill, 2007). She has jointly edited
list of contributors ix
volumes on Conflict and Violence in Tibet and Inner Asia (with Toni Huber,
Brill 2008), Modern Ladakh (with Martijn van Beek, Brill 2008), and Legalism:
Community and Justice (with Judith Scheele, OUP, 2014).
Jeannine Bischoff
is a doctoral student at Department for Mongolian and Tibetan Studies of the
University of Bonn, Germany. Her research focuses on Tibetan administrative
documents concerning the rural communities attached to Kundeling monas-
tery, in Central Tibet, before 1959.
Kalsang Norbu Gurung
completed his PhD at Leiden University and is currently affiliated to the
Department of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies, Bonn University. He is also
working in the project “Katalogisierung der Orientalischen Handschriften in
Deutschland” (KOHD). He has served as the president of the International
Seminar of Young Tibetologists since 2012.
Kensaku Okawa
Is an associate professor at Nihon University. He obtained his Ph.D. from the
University of Tokyo. His current research interests are Tibetan social history,
Tibetan modern literature, and Sino-Tibetan relations in the 20th and the 21st
centuries. He has translated Tibetan novels by Don grub rgyal, sTag ’bum rgyal,
and Padma tshe brtan into Japanese. His recent publications on Tibetan social
history include “A Study on Nang zan: On the Reality of the ‘servant worker’
in Traditional Tibetan Society”, Revue d’études tibétaines, no. 36, forthcoming
2016.
Nyima Drandul
is a native of Nepal’s Mustang District, where he was born and educated in
a family of Nyingmapa tantric lamas. He has held positions as a research
assistant in several international projects, including the Nepal-German
Project on High Mountain Archaeology (1992-1997) and, most recently, the
ANR/DFG-funded Social History of Tibetan Societies, 17th–20th Centuries
(2012–2016). He is the principal collaborator in the publication series Tibetan
Sources for a Social History of Mustang.
Peter Schwieger
is Professor of Tibetan Studies at Bonn University in Germany. His publica-
tions cover the literature of the Tibetan Nyingma School, Tibetan diplomatics,
Ladakhi and East Tibetan history, Tibetan oral literature and the grammar of
