Social Motivation, Justice, And The Moral Emotions: An Attributional Approach

242 Pages·2005·3.79 MB·English

by  Bernard Weiner

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An Attributional Approach
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Bernard Weiner
University of California–Los Angeles
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS
2006 Mahwah, New Jersey London
Copyright © 2006 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform,by
photostat,microform,retrievalsystem,oranyothermeans,withoutprior
written permission of the publisher.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
10 Industrial Avenue
Mahwah, New Jersey 07430
www.erlbaum.com
Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Weiner, Bernard, 1935–
Socialmotivation,justice,andthemoralemotions:anattributionalapproach/
Bernard Weiner.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8058-5526-2 (cloth :alk. paper)
ISBN 0-8058-5527-0 (pbk. :alk. paper)
1.Motivation(Psychology)—Socialaspects. 2.Socialjustice. 3.Emotions.
4.Socialjustice. I.Title.
BF503.W45 2005
153.8—dc22 2005041459
CIP
BookspublishedbyLawrenceErlbaumAssociatesareprintedonacid-freepaper,
and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xi
Prologue xv
A Theory of Social Motivation and Justice: Logic 1
and Development
The Role of Metaphors 3
Achievement Evaluation 5
Reactions to the Stigmatized 16
A Theoretical Integration 20
Help Giving 22
Compliance With Others in Power 25
Aggression 29
Including Responsibility and Differentiating It From Control
and Intent 32
A Preliminary Theory of Social Conduct 33
The Role of Emotion 34
A More Complete Theory of Social Behavior 38
AdditionalCommentsAboutResponsibilityandEmotions 39
Summary 42
vi CONTENTS
Testing the Theory and Incorporating Cultural 44
and Individual Differences
The Motivation Sequence 45
Meta-Analyses of Help Giving and Aggression 47
Cultural Differences 65
Individual Differences 68
Characteristics of the Theory 79
Summary 84
The Moral Emotions and Creating Positive Moral 86
Impressions
Identifying the Moral Emotions 87
On Creating Positive Moral Impressions 97
Arrogance and Envy; Modesty and Admiration 98
Impression Formation and Excuses 106
Confession 113
Final Thoughts on Account Giving 121
Summary 122
Reward and Punishment 124
Reward as an Inhibitor of Motivation and Punishment
as a Positive Motivator 126
The Goals of Punishment 134
Punishment Goals From anAttributionalPerspective 138
Consequences of Anticipated Reward and Threat
of Punishment on Judgments of Responsibility 150
Summary 157
A Visit to the Courtroom Settings: Is the Theory Useful? 160
The Classroom as a Courtroom 161
The Mentally Ill and Others Stigmatized in the Courtroom
of Life 165
Spouses in the Courtroom 171
Businesses in the Courtroom 174
Aggressors and Their Victims in the Courtroom of Life 176
Summary 185
CONTENTS
Epilogue 187
The Positives 189
The Negatives 190
Theoretical Longevity 191
ANaïveor a Scientific Theory? 193
What Next? 194
References 197
Author Index 213
Subject Index 219
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Whyisitwewantsobadlytomemorializeourselves?Evenwhile
we’re still alive.We wish toassert our existence.…We put on
display our framed photographs, our parchment diplomas, our
silver-platedcups;wemonogramourlinen,wecarveournames
ontrees,wescrawlthemonwashroomwalls.It’sallthesameim-
pulse. What do we hope from it? Applause, envy, respect? Or
simply attention, of any kind we can get?
Attheveryleastwewantawitness.Wecan’tstandtheideaofour
own voices falling silent finally, like a radio running down.
—MargaretAtwood
FromTheBlindAssassin(p.95)