Social Determinants of Immigrant Selection: The United States, Canada, And Australia (The New Americans: Recent Immigration and American Society)

184 Pages·2006·0.77 MB·English

by  Yukio Kawano

The New Americans
Recent Immigration and American Society

Edited by
Steven J. Gold and Rubén G. Rumbaut

A Series from LFB Scholarly
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Social Determinants of Immigrant
Selection
The United States, Canada,
and Australia

Yukio Kawano

LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC
New York 2006
Copyright © 2006 by LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC

All rights reserved.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Kawano, Yukio, 1968-
Social determinants of immigrant selection : the United States,
Canada, and Australia / Yukio Kawano.
p. cm. -- (The new Americans)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-59332-135-X (alk. paper)
1. Emigration and immigration--United States--Mathematical models.
2. Emigration and immigration--Canada--Mathematical models. 3.
Emigration and immigration--Australia--Mathematical models. 4.
Immigrants--United States--Statistics. 5. Immigrants--Canada--
Statistics. 6. Immigrants--Australia--Statistics. 7. Vocational
qualifications--United States--Statistics. 8. Vocational qualifications--
Canada--Statistics. 9. Vocational qualifications--Australia--Statistics.
I. Title. II. Series: New Americans (LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC)
JV6201.K39 2006
331.6'2--dc22

2006014618

ISBN 1-59332-135-X

Printed on acid-free 250-year-life paper.

Manufactured in the United States of America.
Contents

List of Tables.......................................................................................vii
List of Figures.......................................................................................ix
Acknowledgements...............................................................................xi
Introduction............................................................................................1
Economic and Social Selection............................................................11
Immigration History and Policy...........................................................47
Modeling Immigration Processes.........................................................75
Determinants of Immigrant Skills......................................................101
Immigrant Selection in a New Context..............................................143
Appendix .........................................................................................151
Bibliography......................................................................................155
Index ...........................................................................................169

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List of Tables

Table 1-1: Population and Immigration in the Three Countries............5
Table 1-2: Education and Earning by Nativity, 1980s and 1990s..........6
Table 3-1: Admission to the U.S. by Classes, 1989-2000....................66
Table 3-2: Planned and Actual Immigration to Canada, 1979-2000....67
Table 3-3: Immigration to Canada by Entry Category, 1984-2000......69
Table 4-1: List of Four Model Settings and Units...............................79
Table 4-2: Estimated Relative Earnings by Entry Cohorts..................86
Table 4-3: Standardized Education Differentials by Entry Cohorts.....89
Table 5-1: National Origin Characteristics of U.S. Immigrants.........102
Table 5-2: U.S. Variables...................................................................104
Table 5-3: Ethnic Group Variables....................................................105
Table 5-4: Regression of Relative Earnings – Base Model................108
Table 5-5: Regression of Relative Earnings at U.S. National Level..110
Table 5-6: Regression of Education at U.S. National Level..............114
Table 5-7: Number of MSA Entry Group for Each National Origin.116
Table 5-8: Regression of Earnings at MSA Level – Base Model......117
Table 5-9: Regression of Earnings at MSA Level.............................118
Table 5-10: Regression of Education at MSA Level.........................122
Table 5-11: Relative Earnings of Immigrant Cohorts by Continent..126
Table 5-12: Relative Education of Immigrant Cohorts by Continent127
Table 5-13: Explanatory Variables by Five Continents.....................128
Table 5-14: Regression of Earnings by 5 Continents of Origin.........130
Table 5-15: Regression of Education by 5 Continents of Origin.......132
Table 5-16: Relative Earnings of Immigrants at National Level.......135
Table 5-17: Immigrants’ Education Relative to Natives’..................136
Table 5-18: Regression of Earnings by 3 Hosts and 5 Origins..........139
Table 5-19: Regression of Education by 3 Hosts and 5 Origins........141

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List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Image of Immigrant Catch Up.................................19
Figure 2-2: Cohort Effects and the Cross-Section Age-Earnings
Profile of Immigrants.........................................................21
Figure 2-3: Relative Wages of Immigrants Who Arrived When
They were 25-34 Years Old...............................................23
Figure 2-4-a (Left): Mobility from Equal to Unequal Country..24
Figure 2-4-b (Right): Mobility from Unequal to Equal Country24
Figure 3-1: Historical Immigration Flow in the USA and
Proportion to the Total Population, 1790 – 2000................54
Figure 3-2: Historical Immigration Flow and Proportion to the
Total Population in Canada, 1867-2000.............................57
Figure 3-3: Historical Immigration Flow and Proportion to the
Total Population in Australia..............................................60
Figure 3-4: Immigration to the United States by Regional Origin,
1901-2000 ..........................................................................64
Figure 3-5: Immigrant Stock in the U.S. 1900-2000..................65
Figure 3-6: Immigration to Canada by Regional Origin, 1956-
2000....................................................................................68
Figure 3-7: Foreign Born Residents in Canada 1981-1996........69
Figure 3-8: Immigration to Australia by Regional Origin 1945-
1999....................................................................................71
Figure 3-9: Foreign Born Residents in Australia 1901-2000.....72
Figure 4-1: Estimated Relative Wage Concept (Image).............84

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