Sobbota Atlas of head & neck & upper Limb

438 Pages·2003·39.6 MB·English

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1. Abbreviations
Singular Plural
A. = Artery Aa. = Arteries
Lig. = Ligament Ligg. = Ligaments
M. = Muscle Mm. = Muscles
N. = Nerve Nn. = Nerves
Proc. = Process Procc. = Processes
R. = Ramus Rr. = Rami
Br. = Branch Brr. = Branches
V. = Vein Vv. = Veins
Var. = Variation
dex. = right 4 = Female
sin. = left d = Male
Percentages: due to the high variability of individual measurements
the indicated percentages can only be approximate values.
2. Brackets
[ ]: Terms in square brackets are alternative terms, as stated in ( ): Round brackets are used with different objectives:
Terminologia Anatomica (1998), e.g. Myelencephalon [medulla - for anatomical terms that are also stated in round brackets in
oblongata; bulb]. Terminologia Anatomica (1998), e.g. (psoas minor)
- for anatomical terms that are not mentioned in Terminologia
Anatomica (1998), however, seemed to be necessary and
helpful terms according to the authors; e.g.
( Zygomaticoalveolar crest)
- for a more detailed description of the higher structure; e.g.
Muscular branches (tibial nerve)
- for the percentage of reduction or magnification of the figure;
e.g.: (80 %)
3. References to adjacent regions
Most topographic figures have added small "wind roses", the
numbers of which refer to adjacent regions (see diagram for
orientation).

Edited by: R. Putz and R. Pabst
with assistance of Renate Putz
Volume 1 Head, Neck,
Upper Limb
13th English Edition
Nomenclature in English
21st German edition
768 colored figure tables
76 tables
Translated and edited by:
Andreas H. Weiglein, M.D.
Associate Professor
Institute of Anatomy
Medical School
Karl-Franzens-University Graz
Graz, Austria, Europe
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Correspondence and criticism to:
Urban & Fischer, lecturer for medical students, Dr. D. Hennesseen, Karlstrasse 45, 80333 Munich
Editors: The founder of this atlas, Johannes Sobotta; M.D. t, was the former Professor
of Anatomy and Director of the Anatomical Institute of the University of Bonn.
Professor R. Putz, M.D., Chairman
Institute of Anatomy German Editions and year of publication:
Ludwig-Maximillian-University 1 st Edition: 1904-1907 1.F. Lehmanns Verlag, Munich
Pettenkofferstrasse 11, 80336 Munich 2nd - 11 th Editions: 1913-1944 J.F. Lehmanns Verlag, Munich
12th Edition: 1948 and following editions
Professor R. Pabst, M.D., Chairman Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich
Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy 13th Edition: 1953
Medical School 14th Edition: 1956
Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 8, 30625 Hannover 15th Edition: 1957
16th Edition: 1967 (ISBN 3-541-02816-5)
17th Edition: 1972 (ISBN 3-541-02817-3)
18th Edition: 1982 (ISBN 3-541-02818-1)
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Contents

Preface ....................................... V1
Blood vessels of head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260-266

General Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
Cranial nerves ................................. 267-277

Instructions for colored figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
Cranial dura mater and cranial arachnoid mater . . . . 278-281

Acknowledgements ............................. VIII
Blood vessels of brain ........................... 282-285

Telencephalon[cerebrum] ...................... 286-293

Diencephalon ................................. 294-295

Mesencephalon [midbrain] ...................... 296-298

Brainstem .................................... 299-300

Nuclei of cranial nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Parts and regions of the human body . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Cerebellum ................................... 302-305

Osteology and arthrology ........................ 6-10

Cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid space . . . . . . . 306-315

Myology ...................................... 11-12

Deep blood vessels of brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316-317

Alimentary and respiratory system ............... 13

Fornix ....................................... 318-319

Urogenitalsystem ............................. 1 4
Association and commissural fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Endocrine system .............................. 15

Internal capsule, pyramidal tract, and basal nuclei . . 321-323

Cardiovascular system .......................... 16-21

Frontal sections through brain ................... 324-327

Surface projections of viscera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-23
Horizontal sections through brain ................ 328-334

Central and peripheral nervous system ............ 24-27
Sagittal sections through brain ................... 335-338

Skin and appendages ........................... 28-29

Magnetic resonance images of brain ............... 339-340

Spinalcord .................................... 341-355

Regions of head and neck........................ 30-31

Skull and temporomandibular joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-71
Eyelids and orbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356-360

Muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of head ......... 72-88
Lacrimalapparatus ............................ 361

External nose and nasal cavity ................... 89-91
Extra-ocular muscles [extrinsic muscles

Paranasalsinuses .............................. 92-94
of eyeball] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362-365

Oral cavity .................................... 95-96
Eyeball ....................................... 366

Maxilla and mandible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97-98
Blood vessels of eye............................. 367

Teeth ........................................ 99-106
Iris and pupil.................................. 368

Palate ........................................ 107
Lens and fundusoculi .......................... 368-371

Tongue ....................................... 108-112
Optic nerve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372-373

Suprahyoid muscles and hyoid bone ............... 113
Visual pathway ................................ 374-375

Major salivary glands ........................... 114-117
Muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of orbit . . . . . . . . 376-379

Arteries and nerves of tongue and palate . . . . . . . . . . 118
Sections through orbit .......................... 380

Cranial base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Blood vessels and nerves of tongue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120-121

Frontal sections through head .................... 122-123

Larynx ....................................... 124-133

General survey ................................ 381

Thyroid gland.................................. 134-135

Auricle [pinna] ................................ 382

Pharynx ...................................... 136-140
Auricular muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of neck . . . . . . . . 141-159

External acoustic meatus and tympanic
Sections through head and neck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160-163

membrane .................................. 384

Auditory ossicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385-386

Tympaniccavity ............................... 387-389

Pharyngotympanic tube [auditory tube] ............ 390-391

Internal ear ................................... 392-396

Surface anatomy ............................... 164

Pathways for hearing and equilibration . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Bones, joints, ligaments ......................... 165-185
Temporal bone ................................. 398

Muscles of upper limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186-222

Nerves of internal ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399-400

Blood vessels and nerves of upper limb ............ 223-250

Sections through upper limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251-256

Tributaries of nerves of cervical plexus and

hrachiA plexus .............................. 257

Glossary ..................................... 401-411

Index ........................................ 413-429

Cranial cavity and cranial dura mater ............. 258-259
Preface

After the excellent acceptance of the 20th edition of the Atlas, R. Pabst: head, neck, thoracic and abdominal walls, thorax,
that was founded in 1903 by J. Sobotta, the editors and the abdomen, pelvis
publishers considered what could be improved in a standard
book like this. From many letters and from many discussions For the large number of new figures the following medical
with both students and colleagues it became obvious that the illustrators deserve our acknowledgment: Mrs. Ulrike Brugger,
concept still fits into the "study landscape," due to the fact that Mr. Ruediger Himmelhan, Mrs. Sonja Klebe, and Mr. Horst Russ.
gross anatomy besides the other basic sciences-unquestionably It is owing to them that the familiar and successful "Sobotta
is one of the pillars of medicine, particularly with a practical style" has essentially been maintained. The electronic processing
point of view. Although this atlas primarily focuses on the pre­ of photographs and the production of graphs have been
clinical student, it-as a "book for a life as a physician"-nevertheless accomplished by Mr. Michael Budowick. We also owe a debt of
meets all requirements to accompany the student throughout the gratitude to our clinical colleagues, who again made several
clinical years and also as a reference book for the later figures available for this edition (see acknowledgements). We
professional activity. Following the most important wishes of the also would like to thank the involved members of the institutes
users, the 21st edition presents a number of innovations: and departments for their insight and their suggestions. Mr. Dr.
In the new edition we have N. Sokolov and Mr. A. Buchhorn have done the delicate dissec­
-drawn 133 new figures based on original prosections, e.g. the tions to serve as the basis for many new illustrations; Mrs. S.
serial sections of the brain and the thorax, Fryk and Mrs. G. Hoppmann supported us in text processing. The
-replaced the black and white figures, glossary was critically reviewed by Mr. cand. phil. T. Lederer.
-updated the figures according to technical development, e.g.
endoscopic views or X-rays, The editors would also like to express their gratitude to the
-introduced diagrams on joint load, lecturers, particularly to Mrs. Dr. D. Hennessen and Mr. A.
-completely redone the diagrams on the muscles. Gattnarzik, who despite some extern turbulence helped us
consistently to pursue the accomplishment of this new edition.
As a second important goal we improved the readability by: In the beginning the production was assisted in the proved way
-the introduction of signal colors for the chapters, by Mr. P. Mazzetti and later on by Mrs. R. Hausdorf with great
-a color code of the labels of typographical figures, effort. Mrs. Renate Putz was responsible for both the realization
-consistent introduction of orientation sketches for slice of the Nomma Anatomica and for the standardization of
direction and visual angle, references and text. We would like to express our special thanks
-revision and renewal of the well accepted tables, and by to all ladies and gentlemen who devoted themselves to the nerve-
-the introduction of small "wind roses" referring to adjacent racking job of the correction and the assembly of the index. It is
figures in different directions and sections. only possible that the "SOBOTTA" now is published with lots
of new contents and in new brilliance with the constructive
Of course, the new nomenclature (Terminologia Anatomica) valid collaboration of all people involved. We also wish to thank our
since October 1998 has been used consistently. The glossary families for their understanding for this time-consuming project.
builds a bridge of understanding for those interested in the
background of our terminology. Many innovations of this atlas are based upon the critiques and
the suggestions of both students and colleagues. This is highly
With the exception of discussion about general concepts and appreciated by the editors, and we would like to ask the users of
mutual correction, the editors have maintained the division for this edition not to hesitate to send us their comments.
the revision of the chapters as follows:
Munich and Hannover, September 1999
R. Putz: general anatomy, upper limb, brain, eye, ear, back, lower R. Putz and R. Pabst
limb;
General Terms

Terms for directions and positions in the extremities
The following terms indicate opposite positions of organs and
parts of the body, partially regardless of the position of the
proximal-distal = closer to the root of the extremity-closer to

body, as well as the position and direction in the extremities.
the end of the extremity (e.g. proximal and distal radio-ulnar

These terms are not only used in human anatomy, but also in
joints)

practical medicine and comparative anatomy.
for the upper limb:

General terms
radial-ulnar = on the side of the radius-on the side of the ulna

(e.g. radial and u1nar arteries)
anterior-posterior = in front of-in back of (e.g. anterior and
posterior tibial arteries)
ventral-dorsal = closer to the belly-closer to the back for the hand:

superior-inferior= higher-lower (e.g. superior and inferior nasal palmar [volar]-dorsal = on the palm of the hand-on the back of

conchae) the hand (e.g. palmar aponeurosis, dorsal interossei)

cranial-caudal = closer to the cranium-closer to the tail
internal-external = inward-outward
superficial-deep = close to the surface-in the depth for the lower limb:

middle, intermediate = between two other structures (e.g. the tibialfibular [peroneal] = on the side of the tibia-on the side of

middle nasal concha lies between the superior and inferior nasal the fibula (e.g. anterior tibial artery)

conchae)
median = in the median plane (anterior median fissure of the
spinal cord). A "median section" divides the body into two for the foot:

symmetrical parts. plantar-dorsal = on the sole-on the dorsum of foot (e.g. lateral

medial - lateral = closer to the middle of the body - closer to the and medial plantar arteries, dorsalis pedis artery [dorsal artery

side of the body (e.g. medial and lateral inguinal fossae) of foot] )

Instructions for colored figures

The multicolored figures of this book are based on didactic The following figure numbers indicate both newly developed
considerations: contrasts should be enhanced, and structures figures and new drawings due to main corrections:
that are difficult to distinguish should be more obvious. The U.Brugger
colors used for different tissues (such as tendons, cartilage, bone, 36-38, 52, 53, 61, 136, 137, 235-237, 284, 396-398, 430, 431,
muscles) and pathways (such as arteries, veins, lymph vessels, 532-534, 537, 539-541, 551, 570-577, 598
nerves) differ from those in the living or dead body or the M. Budowick
embalmed cadaver. Arteries are colored in red, veins in blue, 449, 452, 474, 486, 498, 548
nerves in yellow, lymph vessels and nodes generally in green. R. Himmelhan
In addition to the artists (K. Hajek, Professor E. Lepier, F. Bathe, 437
H. von Eickstedt, K. Endtresser, J. Kosanke, J. von Marchtaler, J. S. Klebe
Dimes, U. Brugger, N. Lechenbauer, 1. Schnellbaecher, and K. 138, 460, 507, 508, 511-514
Schuhmacher) that produced the base for the entire figure set H. Rintelen
together with Professor Sobotta and the later editors Professor 604-606
Becher, Professor Ferner, and Professor Staubesand, the H. Russ
following artists worked for this present issue: Mrs. Ulrike 22 (insert), 144, 338-340, 444, 445, 447, 449, 471, 472, 545, 687
Brugger, Mr. Ruediger Himmelhan, Mrs. Sonja Klebe, and Mr.
Horst Russ. A series of original photographs were processed
electronically by Mr. Michael Budowick. Some CT- scan diagrams
were produced by Mrs. Henriette Rintelen.
Acknowledgements

The authors are greatly obliged to the following clinical Prof. Rudzki-Janson, Policlinic of Pediatric Orthopedics, Munich

colleagues for their contribution of ultrasound, computer- University (Figs 80, 81)

tomographic, and magnetic resonance images as well as endo­ Dr. Scheibe, Department of Surgery, Rosman Hospital, Breisach

scopic photographs and color photographs of surgical (Figs. 1233 a-c)

procedures: Prof. Schillinger, Women's Clinic, Freiburg University (Figs.

1072-1074)

Prof. Altaras, Center of Radiology, University of Giessen (Figs.
Dr. Dr. Schliephake, Orofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School

964, 979, 980)
(Figs. 167, 212, 213)

Dr. Baumeister, Department of Radiology, University of Freiburg
Prof. Schloesser, Center of Gynecology, Hannover Medical School

( Fig. 1095)
(Figs. 1071 a, b, 1080, 1082, 1083, 1130)

Prof. Daniel, Department of Cardiology, Hannover Medical School
Prof. Schumacher, Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology,

(Figs. 862-864, 935)
Freiburg University (Figs. 448 a, b)

Prof. Galanski, Dr. Kirchhoff, Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Dr. Sommer and Priv.-Doz. Bauer, Radiologists, Munich (Figs.

I, Hannover Medical School (Figs 924, 1144 a, b, 1154, 1155)
650,1234-1236)

Prof. Galanski, Dr. Schafer, Department of Diagnostic Radiology 1,
Prof. Stolz, Policlinic of Orthopedics, Munich University (Fig.

Hannover Medical School (Figs. 838 a, b, 888, 933, 958, 1139,
1193)

1147, 1150, 1152)
Prof. Vogl, Policlinic of Radiology, Munich University (Figs. 440,

Prof. Gebel, Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology,
442, 631, 632)

Hannover Medical School (Figs. 253 a, b, 966, 975, 976, 981,
Prof. Vollrath, Clinic of ENT Surgery, Moenchengladbach (Figs.

990, 991, 1026, 1043)
246-248)

Dr. Goel, Radiology, Heerlen, Netherlands (Figs. 1010, 1011) (with
Prof. Wagner t, Department of Diagnostic Radiology 11, Hannover

permission: Radiology 173: 137-141, 1989)
Medical School (Figs. 914, 1014, 1017, 1020, 1023, 1090)

Dr. Greeven, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Neuwied (Figs. 166, 1182)
Prof. Wenz, Department of Radiology, Freiburg University (Fig.

Prof. Von der Hardt, Clinic of Pediatrics, Hannover Medical 747)

School (Fig.893) Dr. Willfuehr, Abdominal and Transplant Surgery, Hannover

Dr. Hennig, Department of Radiology, University of Freiburg (Fig. Medical School (Fig. 1001)

529) Priv.-Doz. Wimmer, Department of Radiology, Freiburg

Prof. Jonas, Urology, Hannover Medical School (Figs. 1050 a, b, University (Fig. 778)

1051)
Prof. Kremers, Policlinic of Preservative Dentistry and
Parodontology, Munich University (Fig. 182) Additional illustrations were taken from the following books:
Prof. Kunze, Clinic of Pediatrics, Munich University (Figs. 15-18)

Dr. Meyer, Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology,
Birkner, R.: Das typische Roentgenbild des Skeletts. (The Typical
Hannover Medical School (Figs. 906, 949 a, b, 959, 1086)
Radiograph of the Skeleton.) Urban & Schwarzenberg,
Prof. Pfeifer, Division of Radiology, Clinic of Surgery, Munich
Munich-Vienna-Baltimore, 1990 (Fig. 1200)
University (Figs. 306, 319, 321, 748-751, 789-792, 1199,
Welsch, U. (ed.): Sobotta-Histologie (Sobotta-Histology), 5th

1230, 1231, 1260, 1261)
edition, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich-Vienna-Baltimore,

Priv.-Doz. Rau, Department of Radiology, University of Freiburg
1997 (Figs. 635, 646)

(Figs. 875, 886, 887)
Wicke, L.: Atlas der Roentgenanatomie (Atlas of Radiological
Prof. Ravelli, Institute of Anatomy, Innsbruck University (Fig. Anatomy), 3rd edition, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich-
746) Vienna-Baltimore, 1985 (Figs. 905 a, b, 1076)
Prof. Reich, Clinic of Orofacial Surgery, Bonn University (Figs.
Wilhelm, K.R., R. Putz, R. Hierner, R.E. Giunta: Lappenplastiken
133, 134)
in der Handchirurgie (Flaps in Handsurgery). Urban &
Prof. Reiser, Dr. Glaser, Institute of Clinical Radiology, Munich
Schwarzenberg, Munich-Vienna-Baltimore, 1997 (Fig. 58)
University (Figs. 307, 578-582, 705 a, b, 771, 1369, 1371,

1373, 1377)